Learn Pashto!

[Ahmed]

There will be four parts of each lesson

1.grammar 2.vocabuylary.3. communication 4. general


LESSON NO. 1



GRAMMAR ; pronoun

I .......................ZA.
WE.....................MONG
YOU.SINGULAR........TA

YOU .PLURAL........TASO.
HE/SHE...............HAGHA.
THEY..................HAGHOI

VOCABULARY.

ZA HALAK YAM....... I AM A BOY.

HALAK..................BOY.

YAM............................. AM

Communication.

how are you............... sanga ye
i m fine ......................... kha yam


GENERAL



there r two main dialects in pushtu language.

Hard dialect.......... spoken in areas like peshawar, mardan, swat, malakand, dir, kohat, paracinar, jalalabad, bajawar, mohmand, khyber,etc mainly in northern part of pushtu speaking areas.

soft dialect......... spoken in SOUTHERN areas like banu, karak, waziristan, baluchistan, qandahar, paktya etc.

[Ahmed]

lesson no 2.

pronouns

my..................................zama.
our...................zamong

your.sing.........................sta.
your.plu..............staso

his..... da hagha...
her......da haghay.
their......... da haghoi

vcocabulary

my house/home......... zama koor

your book...................sta kitab

his cow.......................da hagha ghwa

her university.............. da haghaay univesity/ pohantoon

communication

welcome....................... pakhair raghlay/starhi mashay

thanks..........................merabani/manana

general

pushtu is the natioional language of afghanistan and one of the two official languages(the other one is Dari). thus we see particular words used there which has no much currency in pakistan as here urdu or english words are dominant. as we saw above the actual word for university is pohantoon. similarly for hospital the word is roghantoon

[Ahmed]

Pronouns

for the english pronouns mine pushtu pronoun is the same zama, for them da haghoi , for him da hagha and so on

vocabulary

it is for him........ da da hagha da para day/da

it......................da,
him................. da hagha

for................. da para,
is...............day(masc.)da(fem)

comunication

imperatives

come......................................raza

go.........................................za

general

in pushtu you will come across many synonyms and homonyms. context make the meaning clear. as we saw two meaninigs of the word za one I, second go. there is a little

diffrence of stress as the one for go is more stressed

[Ahmed]

LESSON NO 4

grammar

nouns

noun is a name . in pushtu for name the words num/nama are used.number of the noun is either plural or singular. for making plural the suffixes AN ,ONA ,EE,

are most requentlu used

vocabulary

person............. kas/tan, persons............ kasan/tanan

table.................mez, tables...............mezona

man..................sarhay men................sarhee

communication

meet these men.............. de sarho sara milaw sha

general

in the above sentence we see the plural sarho not sarhee. yes in a sentence and in oobjective case this plural is used. but

these are men

da sarhee dee.

[Ahmed]

lesson no. 5

grammar

nouns

gender

masculine ......... nar, feminine...............khaza/shaza

in pushtu often the feminine ends with the suffix a or ai or ee

there are also totally separete words for feminine and masculine

there are masculine/ feminine difference in human beings, animals and things.

there is also neuter(no feminine/masculine) and common (both masculine/feminine)gender which is mostly found in words taken from other languages

different auxiliary verbs are used for masculine and feminine. remember that in grammar (language rules) there are always exceptions. i write mostly generalizations. if u come across some anomalies or exceptional cases please discuss it with me

vocabulary

this is a man.......................da sarhay day,,,,,this is a woman... da khaza da

this is a girl........................ da jinai da ,,,,, this is a boy......... da halak day

meal/bread............ dodai

meal is good...................dodai kha da

dog ............spay,,,,,,bitch .............spai

communication

eat/take meal.................. dodai ukhra

bring one chair for me..............mala yawa kursai rawrha

general

we see in the above examples that feminine words end with a, ai ,ee. for feminine is is da for masculine day . one chair is yawa kursai but one book is yaw kitab because kursai is feminine and kitab is masculine. more discussion in next lesson

[Ahmed]

Mother > Mor

Father > plaar

Brother > Ror

Sister > Khor

Son > Zwey

Daughter > Loor

Uncle > tra/kaka/mama

Auntie > tror/chachi/maasi

Grandfather > Neeka

Grandmother > Nyaa

Grandson > nwase/masse

Grandaughter > Nwasai/Masai

[Ahmed]

lesson no 6

nouns gender

grammar.

in pushtu the common gender is also some times modified as doctor<doctora, teacher <teachara.

all the inanimate things are either feminine or masculine . other parts of the speach/sentence especially helping verbs often agree with gender as sarhay day, but khaza da . maiz day but kursai da , kitab day but kapee<notebook< da. khaza raghla<came< but sarhay raghay. kursai kha da <chair is good< but maiz kha day.

vocabulary.

numbers<hindsay<

1 > yaow

2 > dwa

3 > drey

4 > salor

5 > pinza

6 > shpag

7 > owa

8 > ata

9 > naha

10 > las



communication

these are two men<da dwa sarhee dee<these are three women<da dray khazay dee

general

we see above that for sarhee we use dee<plural..are<for is we have da and day

please also note that most of pushtuns use urdu numbers in pakistan but not in afghanistan

[Barech]

Well what can i say ! i am impressed keep up the good work

[Yasir Hayat Khan]

Deer Ala Rorie.......... well done brother
Shabash................. good work