Assistant Director ANF Material
 

Syllabus (Assistant Director (BS-17), Anti Narcotics Force

Ministry of Narcotics Control



Paper Pattern : Objective Type Test (MCQ)=100 Marks


Part-I


English = 20 Marks

Part-I Vocabulary, Grammar usage, Sentence Structure.


Part-II

Professional Test=80 Marks

Investigation Chapter of Criminal Procedure Code,
Basic Knowledge of “Qanun-e-Shahdat Order”,
Basic Knowledge of the Pakistan Penal Code,
Basic knowledge of Narcotics Substances Act 1997
Effects of illegal/ drug money on economy of country,
Potential hazards of drugs for general public,
International ramification of drugs smuggling from Pakistan,
Major drug producing & consumption countries of the World,
Types of drugs and international trafficking routes.


Note: This was the syllabus uploaded by FPSC last year.

A look at major drug-producing countries



By The Associated Press
Countries the Bush administration identified as major drug producers or hubs for drug transit:
___
Afghanistan -- It grew 93 percent of opium poppy in the world in 2007, which was the second record-setting year in a row. The export value of this harvest was $4 billion, which is more than a third of the country's combined gross domestic product.
___
The Bahamas -- It is a transit hub for moving cocaine from South America and marijuana from Jamaica. The country's police force seized $7.8 million in drug-related cash, five vessels and a plane in 2007. Other officials seized 1,389 pounds of cocaine and approximately 56 tons of marijuana.
___
Bolivia -- It is the third-largest producer of cocaine in the world, accounting for an estimated 127 tons. It also is a transit point from cocaine from Peru and a grower of marijuana that is mostly consumed within the country. It is legal to grow up to 29,652 acres of coca leaf for traditional uses, an allotment that the nation's government may increase.
___
Brazil -- Brazil is a major transport hub for cocaine base and cocaine hydrochloride, and to a lesser extent a hub for heroin. In 2007 the nation's federal police seized 14 tons of cocaine hydrochloride, 2,019 pounds of cocaine base, 1,076 pounds of crack, 169 tons of marijuana and 35 pounds of heroin.
___
Burma -- It is the world's second largest producer of opium poppy, and cultivation increased in 2007. It was one of two countries the administration designated as having "failed demonstrably" to meet its counternarcotics agreements over the year.
__
Colombia -- Colombia, the world's number one cocaine supplier, is also a major supplier of heroin and precursor chemicals. In 2007 the government seized 144 tons of cocaine and 350,000 gallons of precursor chemicals. It also destroyed 240 cocaine hydrochloride labs and 2,875 coca base labs.
___
Dominican Republic -- It is a major transit country for cocaine and heroin from South America. In 2007 the country's authorities seized approximately 4 tons of cocaine, 226 pounds of heroin, 17,902 units of MDMA and 1,128 pounds of marijuana.
___
Ecuador -- It is a major transit point for cocaine, heroin and precursor chemicals. In 2007 the government seized 25 tons of cocaine, 397 pounds of heroin and 1,631 pounds of cannabis. It also identified cocaine laboratories and plots of coca plants.
___
Guatemala -- It is a major transit hub for cocaine and heroin from South America. Although it is not a major producer, poppy cultivation has begun to rise.
___
Haiti -- It is a major hub for transportation of cocaine from South America and marijuana from the Caribbean. In 2007 smuggling using small aircraft from Venezuela increased 38 percent and 29 illicit landing strips were identified. Fast boats also arrive on the southern coast transporting cocaine from South America.
___
India -- It is a hub for heroin transport. Drugs are smuggled from Burma, and hashish and marijuana are smuggled from Nepal. Most heroin produced within India is used domestically, but a growing amount is being shipped overseas. India is the only country the international community has authorized to produce opium gum for pharmaceutical uses.
___
Jamaica -- It is the largest producer of marijuana and marijuana-derived products in the Caribbean. It is also a major hub for drug transit. Marijuana seizures decreased by 8 percent in 2007 to 46 tons. Cocaine seizures also decreased in 2007.
___
Laos -- The country had record low levels of opium cultivation in 2007. But Southeast Asian heroin, amphetamine-type stimulants and narcotic precursor chemicals also travel through Laos to other countries in the region.
___
Mexico -- Approximately 90 percent of all cocaine consumed in the United States travels through Mexico. The country is also a source of heroin, methamphetamines and marijuana. In 2007 Mexican officials intercepted more than 52 tons of cocaine, 2,396 tons of marijuana, 643 pounds of opium gum, 656 pounds of heroin and 1,981 pounds of methamphetamines.
___
Nigeria -- It is home to major drug trafficking networks that move cocaine and heroin to developed countries. Between January and September 2007 Nigerian officials seized 101,272 pounds of cannabis, 571 pounds of cocaine, 189 pounds of heroin and 450 pounds of psychotropic substances.
___
Pakistan -- It is a major hub for transportation of opiates and hashish from Afghanistan. It also saw an increase in poppy cultivation to about 5,720 acres, up from 4,715 acres the previous year. More than 1,482 acres were eradicated.
___
Panama -- Panama is a key transport hub for drugs coming from Colombia. In 2007 the government seized 66 tons of cocaine, including the largest recorded maritime seizure of 17 tons in March.
___
Paraguay -- It is the largest marijuana producer in South America. It is also a transit route for cocaine produced in the Andes. In 2007 the government seized 1,808 pounds of cocaine, 100 metric tons of marijuana and 18 vehicles.
___
Peru -- It is a major producer of cocaine and a big importer of precursor chemicals. In 2007 the government eradicated 27,322 acres of coca. An additional 2,511 were eradicated voluntarily.
___
Venezuela -- It is one of the key routes for drugs coming out of Colombia. In 2007 drug seizures in Venezuela dropped, but third-country seizures of drugs coming out of Venezuela rose. It was one of two countries the administration designated as having "failed demonstrably" to meet its counternarcotics agreements.
___

Salam
Can any onetell when these posts are announced or if announced kindly tell,me source.
Waiting for your prompt response.

When is the test of AD ANF?

[QUOTE=aminshah101;624910]When is the test of AD ANF?[/QUOTE]

Perhaps 29th of July.

aoa ..
these post was announced in APRIL 2013 .. now , the paper is going to held 28th of this month ..(according to a source)

1) During which period(s) was drug abuse a problem in the United States?
during the Civil War
in the 1950's
in the 1960's
all of the above


2) Which age group has the highest percentage of drug abusers?
10-17
18-25
26-35
36-60
61 and over


3) How do most drug users make their first contact with illicit drugs?
through "pushers"
through their friends
accidentally
through the media


4) Which is the most commonly used drug in the United States?
marijuana
alcohol
cocaine
heroin


5) Which of the following poses the greatest health hazard to most people in the united states?
cigarettes
heroin
codeine
LSD
caffeine


6) Which of the following is not a narcotic?
heroin
marijuana
morphine
methadone


7) Which of the following is not a stimulant?
amphetamine
caffeine
methaqualone
methamphetamine


8) Which of the following drugs does not cause physical dependence?
alcohol
morphine
peyote
secobarnital
codeine


9) Which of the following poses the highest immediate risk to experimenters?
inhalants
marijuana
nicotine
LSD


10) Overall, why is intravenous injection the most dangerous method of using illicit drugs?
because the drugs enter the system so rapidly
because nonsterile equipment and solutions can cause serious complications
because users usually get a larger amount of the drug by this method
(a) and (c) only
(a), (b), and (c)


11) When does a person who uses heroin become physically dependent?
immediately (first time)
after four or five times
after prolonged use (20 times or more)
different for each person


12) When people become dependent on heroin, what is the primary reason they continue to take it?
experience pleasure
avoid withdrawal
escape reality
gain acceptance among friends


13) Which of the following has (have) been used effectively to treat drug abusers?
methadone maintenance
detoxification (medically supervised drug withdrawal)
drug-free therapy
psychotherapy
all of the above


14) Which of the following are the social costs of drug abuse?
loss of employee productivity
increased possibility of auto accidents
depletion of already scarce drug abuse resources
(b) and (c) only
(a), (b), and (c)


15) What is the most unpredictable drug of abuse on the street today?
PCP Phencylidine (PCP, "angel dust")
heroin
LSD
alcohol


Answers from the quiz
1) (d) all of the above.
Drug use is as old as history, and certain periods of U.S. history are associated with special drug abuse problems. During the Civil War, for example, morphine was used as a pain killer. Morphine's addictive properties were not well understood, and many soldiers became dependent on it.Throughout the century, there were periods of "drug scares" created by the use of cocaine at the turn of the century, heroin in the 1920's, marijuana in the 1930's, and heroin again in the 1950's. The 1960's saw a social explosion of drug use of all kinds from LSD to heroin to marijuana.

2) (b) 18-25

3) (b) Through their friends.

4) (b) Alcohol. Many people in the United States have trouble with alcohol, and estimates show that about 10 million are dependent on the drug.

5) (a) Cigarettes. Approximately 300,000 deaths annually from coronary disease, other heart disease, lung cancer, respiratory disease, and other types of cancer have been linked to smoking.

6) (b) Marijuana. In the past marijuana was legally classified as a narcotic, but it isn't now. Marijuana's psychopharmacological effects (the way a drug works on a person's mental and physical system) differ from the effects of narcotics.

7) (c) Methaqualone. Methaqualone is a non barbiturate sedative-hypnotic called a "lude" or "soaper" on the street. But it, like the stimulate drugs, is also a drug of abuse.

8) (c) Peyote. Physical dependence on mescaline (the active ingredient of the peyote cactus) or other hallucinogens has not been verified.

9) (a) Inhalants. Sniffing aerosols or other volatile substances can result in immediate death.

10) (e) The danger of contracting AIDS, hepatitis, or other infections is often overlooked by drug users who inject with nonsterile equipment.

11) (d) Different for each person. Although the time it takes for a person to become physically dependent on heroin varies, we do know that repeated use ultimately causes physical dependence. Some people become physically dependent after using heroin as few as three or four times.

12) (b) Avoid withdrawal. When people stop taking heroin after becoming physically dependent, they develop withdrawal symptoms
vomiting
muscle spasms
profuse sweating
insomnia and other symptoms.

If they once again take the drug, the symptoms disappear.

13) (e) All of the above. All have been used successfully, both individually and in combination, to treat drug abusers.

14) (e) Hours lost from productive work, increased traffic accidents caused by driving under the influence of drugs, and dollars on treatment and law enforcement programs. These are the social costs we all pay, one way or another, for drug abuse.

15) (a) Phencylidine (PCP, "angel dust"). Phencylidine is an unpredictable and highly dangerous drug. Its use has been associated with bizarre and violent behavior, with accidents, and with psychotic episodes.
:onesec:bow

What is phencyclidine (PCP)?
Phencyclidine ("angel dust") is a drug which was developed as a surgical anesthetic for humans in the late l950s. Because of its unusual and unpleasant side effects in human patients--delirium, extreme excitement, and visual disturbances--PCP was soon restricted to its only current legal use as a veterinary anesthetic and tranquilizer.

What are PCP's effects?
Effects of the drug vary according to dosage levels. Low doses may provide the usual releasing effects of many psychoactive drugs. A floaty euphoria is described, sometimes associated with a feeling of numbness (part of the drug's anesthetic effects). Increased doses produce an excited, confused intoxication, which may include any of the following: muscle rigidity, loss of concentration and memory, visual disturbances, delirium, feelings of isolation, convulsions, speech impairment, violent behavior, fear of death, and changes in users' perceptions of their bodies.
Research shows that PCP seems to scramble the brain's internal stimuli, altering how users perceive and deal with their environment. Everyday activities like driving and even walking can be a task for PCP users.

What makes PCP so dangerous?
One danger of PCP intoxication is that it can produce violent and bizarre behavior even in people not otherwise prone to such behavior. Violent actions may be directed at themselves or others and often account for serious injuries or death. Bizarre behavior can lead to death through drownings, burns, falls from high places, and automobile accidents. More people die from accidents caused by the erratic and unpredictable behavior produced by the drug than from the drug's direct effect on the body.
A temporary, schizophrenic-like psychosis, which and last for days or weeks, has also occurred in users of moderate or higher doses of the drug. During these episodes, users are excited, incoherent, and aggressive; or they may be quite the opposite: uncommunicative, depressed, and withdrawn. Paranoia, a state in which the user feels persecuted, often accompanies this condition.

How do users get PCP?
Nearly all PCP in today's drug culture is made illicitly since it is easily synthesized in bootleg laboratories. Because of its bad reputation on the street, dealers often sell it as mescaline or other drugs more attractive to users. Users can never be sure what they're buying. Street PCP comes in various forms:
as the powdered "angel dust",
as tablets, as crystals,
and in pills named "hogs" or "Peace Pills".
Smoking the dust, usually mixed with marijuana, parsley, and mint leaves, has become the preferred method of PCP use. The smoker can control the drug's effects better than the pill taker can.

Is PCP a big problem?
Statistics tell us the PCP use is on the rise. In the l960s and early l970s PCP was not very popular with the drug community because of its unpleasant effects, but now it is becoming a drug of choice. More and more hospital emergency rooms and drug crisis centers are seeing cases of PCP-induced panic and overdoses.

Inhalants

What are inhalants?
Inhalants are a group of diverse volatile (breathable) substances people do not normally think of as drugs. These legal substances, most of which are found in everyday household products, are abused by sniffing or inhaling.

Who abuses inhalants?
Inhalant abuse is on the rise among young people, especially between the ages of 7 and l7, no doubt in part because inhalants are readily available and inexpensive.
Sometimes children unintentionally misuse the inhalant products which are often easily found around the house. Parents should see that these substances, like medicines, are kept away from young children.
Since inhalants are legal compounds, most of which are produced, distributed, and sold for legitimate purposes, their regulation for misuse is difficult.

Which inhalants are commonly abused?
Anything in an aerosol can--especially spray paint--is a likely candidate for abuse. Other abused sprays include vegetable oil and hair sprays.
Gasoline, transmission fluid, model airplane and other glues, paint thinners, nail polish and remover are other ordinary household substances abused in inhalation. The compound toluene in certain spray paints, gasoline, and other products is the principle reason people sniff these substances.
Other substances abused by inhaling include nitrous oxide (laughing gas), the dry cleaning fluid used in commercial establishments, and anesthesias like halothane. Some organic nitrites, marketed as "room odorizes", appear to be packaged and distributed specifically for their abuse potential. Amyl nitrite is an inhalant with a legitimate medical use in treating heart patients. This substance, too, is abused.

What risks are involved in sniffing inhalants?
There is a high risk of sudden death from spray inhalation. These spray inhalants can either interfere directly with breathing, or they can produce irregular heart beats (arrhythmia's) leading to heart failure and death. Risk of death by suffocation increases when users sniff concentrated spray fumes from a paper bag. Most deaths, however, have been associated with the propellants used in aerosol sprays.
Studies of long-term users of sprays and other inhalants have reported the following physical dysfunction (impaired functioning): bone marrow damage (which is usually associated with exposure to benzene); drastic weight loss; and impairment of vision, memory, and ability to think clearly. These dysfunction generally cease when sniffing stops.
During and shortly after inhalant use, the sniffer usually exhibits motor incoordination, inability to think and act clearly, and sometimes abusive and violent behavior.

Stimulants


What are stimulants?
the stimulants ("uppers") are a class of drugs which stimulate the central nervous system and produce an increase in alertness and activity. They include caffeine, cocaine, and the amphetamines.

What medical uses do stimulants have?
Current medical uses of synthetic stimulants is currently restricted to treating narcolepsy (a rare disorder marked by an uncontrollable need for sleep) and a minimal brain damage in children. They also are prescribed for short term appetite control. Caffeine, the naturally occurring stimulant found in coffee and tea, is a common ingredient in over-the-counter preparations designed to pep people up and help them overcome drowsiness. The only legitimate medical use of cocaine in this country today is as a local anesthetic. It was used at the turn of the century in patent medicines, wines, and soft drinks. Since antiquity, South American Indians, principally the Incas, have chewed coca leaves for religious and medicinal reasons. It was used to increase workers productivity to combat the effects of the high altitude of the Andes Mountains.

Which stimulants are abused?
Overuse and abuse have been associated with all of the stimulant drugs, but risks are the greatest with the amphetamines and cocaine.

What are amphetamines?
The amphetamines are composed of three closely related drugs (amphetamine, deztroamphetamine, and methamphetamine) which stimulate the central nervous system and promote a feeling of alertness and an increase in speech and general physical activity.

Why do people use stimulants?
Some people take these drugs under medical supervision to control their appetite. Others take amphetamines to feel alert and energetic or recreationally to get "high"; they often report a feeling of well-being.

Can people become depend on amphetamines?
Yes. Users who take a small amount of amphetamines orally every now and then to combat fatigue or get "high" usually do not have trouble. However, people with a history of sustained low dose use quite become dependent and feel that they need the drug to get by. These users frequently keep taking amphetamines to avoid the "down in mood" they experience when the "high" wears off.
Some people try to relieve insomnia which follows an extended period of drug taking with sleeping pills or alcohol. These users often begin taking amphetamines again to shake off drowsiness or to regain the "high" and so continue the up/down cycle, which is extremely hard on the body.

What specific dangers are associated with amphetemanie abuse?
Even small, infrequent doses of amphetamines can produce toxic effect in some people. Restlessness, anxiety, mood swings, panic, circulatory and cardiac disturbances, paranoid thoughts, hallucinations, convulsions, and coma have all been reported.
Heavy, frequent doses of amphetamines can produce brain damage which results in speech disturbances and difficulty in turning thoughts into words. Taking more amphetamines increases these risks,which are greatest when the drug is injected. In addition, users who inject amphetamines intravenously can contract serious life threatening infections from nonsterile equipment. Finally, death can result from injected amphetamines overdose.

What are the signals of chronic amphetemanie abuse?
Long term users often have acne resembling a measles rash; trouble with teeth, gums, and nails; and dry lifeless hair.

Is violence associated with heavy amphetemanie abuse?
As heavy users who inject amphetamines accumulate larger and larger amounts of the drug in their bodies, the resulting toxicity can produce what is known as amphetemanie psychosis. People in this extremely suspicious, paranoid state frequently exhibit bizarre-sometimes violent-behavior.

DRUGS

What is a drug?
A drug is any chemical substance that produces physical, mental, emotional, or behavioral change in the user.

What is drug abuse?
Drug abuse is the use of a drug for other than medicinal purposes which results in the impaired physical, mental, emotional, or social well-being of the user. Drug misuse is the unintentional or inappropriate use of prescription or over-the-counter drugs, with similar results.

Which drugs are abused?
Narcotics, sedatives, tobacco, stimulants, marijuana, inhalants, hallucinogens, Phencyclidine-these are the major drugs of abuse. All have one thing in common: To one degree or another, they affect the user's feelings, perceptions, and behavior. Most of these drugs affect the user in physical ways as well, but they are abused because of their psychoactive (mind-altering) properties.

What is drug addiction?
The term drug addiction has been popularly used to describe a "physical" dependence on a drug. Originally associated with narcotic dependence, the term is gradually being replaced by the more neutral drug dependence.

What is tolerance?
Tolerance is a state which develops in users of certain drugs and requires them to take larger and larger amounts of the drug to produce the same effect. Tolerance often, but not always, occurs along with (physical) dependence.

Why do people abuse drugs?
There are many reasons: the wish or belief that drugs can solve every problem, the pressure from friends to experiment, the enjoyment of drug effects, and easy access to socially acceptable drugs like alcohol and tobacco.
Reasons for drug experimentation-like curiosity or social pressure-differ from reasons for occasional drug use-like enjoyment or availability. And reasons for continuing to use drugs-like dependence and fear of withdrawal are different still.

What is drug dependence?
Drug dependence is the need for a drug which results in the continuous or periodic use of that drug. This need can be characterized by mental and/or physical changes in the user which makes it difficult for them to control or stop their drug use. They believe that they must have the drug to feel good, or normal, or just to get by. This mental aspect of drug dependence is often called psychological dependence.
Some drugs, like narcotics and barbiturates, change the body's physical system so that it becomes used to the drug and needs it to function. When a user stops taking the drug, he or she will experience withdrawal symptoms, like vomiting, tremors, sweating, insomnia, or even convulsions. So to avoid withdrawal and to continue to function, the user takes the drug again. This aspect of drug dependence is often called physical dependence.

Many people try to distinguish between psychological and physical dependence, believing one type is worse than the other. However, heave use of any psychoactive drug produces some type of dependence; and this dependence interferes with the social, behavioral, and physical functioning of the individual.

Are drugs harmful?
Any drug can be harmful. Drug effects depend on many different variables, including the amount of the drug taken, how often it is taken, the way it is taken, and other drugs used at the same time. Also, user's weight, set (personality, mood, expectations), and setting of use (environment) help determine how a drug affects a person.

How can misuse of legally obtained drugs be controlled?
Drugs should be used only as prescribed and should be destroyed when they are no longer needed. All drugs, including nonprescription, over-the-counter drugs, should be kept away from children. Doctors and pharmacists should watch prescription renewals for drugs that can lead to dependence.

Are substances other than those commonly called drugs ever abused?
Yes. Substances like various aerosols, gasoline, paint thinner, and model airplane glue contain anesthetic-like chemicals which people sometimes sniff to get high. These inhalants should be sold and used with caution. Young children often get into common household products such as volatile solvents, so parents should take precautions to keep these substances out of reach.

Do drug abusers ever take more than one drug?
Yes. Multiple drug use is common. People who abuse one drug are likely to abuse other drugs, either by taking a variety of them all at once or at different times. Multiple drug abuse means multiple risk. Mixing alcohol and sleeping pills, sedatives, or tranquilizers is especially dangerous. Unfortunately young people are experimenting more and more now with these potentially lethal combinations.

Do most drug experimenters become drug dependent?
No. Most people who experiment with drugs do not become dependent. In fact, most do not even become regular users.

What is the effect of drugs on sexual response?
No drug seems to be a true aphrodisiac (capable of creating sexual desire rather than reducing inhibitions), although various substances have been considered throughout history. What users expect is probably more important than what drugs do. In fact, narcotics and alcohol in particular often actually reduce sexual responsiveness. Small doses of certain drugs, however, may make a person feel less inhibited.

Is it unsafe to use drugs during pregnancy?
It can be. Pregnant women should be extremely cautious about taking any drug, even aspirin, without first consulting their physician. Research has shown that heavy smoking and drinking can harm the developing fetus. Babies born of narcotic and barbiturate dependent mothers are often born drug dependent and require special care after birth.

What is drug overdose, and what can I do about it?
An overdose of drugs is any amount which produces an acute and dangerous reaction. A severely low breathing rate, stupor, or coma are indicative of a drug overdose. Get medical help immediately! In the meantime, make sure the overdosed person gets plenty of air. Artificial respiration may be necessary. Sometimes hallucinogens, PCP, marijuana, or stimulants produce a panic reaction. The person may become frightened, suspicious, and may fear harm from others. It is crucial that everyone remain calm and reassure the person that these feelings are drug related and will subside. Outside help is usually available from community hot lines, drug crisis centers, or hospital emergency rooms, and should be sought out as soon as possible.

Is it possible to get medical help for drug problems without getting into trouble with the law?
Yes. There are important regulations which safeguard the confidentiality of patients in treatment. Federal law requires doctors, psychologists, and drug treatment centers to keep confidential any information obtained from patients. However, under certain conditions, the law does allow disclosure. (The information might be necessary so other doctors can treat the patient, or so insurance carriers can provide benefits.)

Can over-the-counter (nonprescription) drugs be dangerous?
Yes. When these drugs are overused or misused in some other way, they too can cause serious problems. Drugs bought without a prescription, such as antihistamines, aspirin, cough medicines, diet pills, sleeping pills, and pep pills, can be helpful for minor, short term discomforts. Although these preparations are relatively safe, users should always read labels carefully and check with their doctors if uncertain about the effect a particular over-the-counter drug may have.

What are controlled drugs?
Controlled drugs are those placed on a schedule or in a special categories to prevent, curtail, or limit their distribution and manufacture. Under the Controlled Substance Act of 1970, the Attorney General of the United States (on the recommendation of the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare) has the authority to place drugs into five schedules or categories, based on their relative potential for abuse, scientific evidence of the drug's pharmacological effect, the state of current scientific knowledge about the drug, and it's history and current pattern of abuse.

What are the legal distinctions between possession, dealing, and trafficking in controlled substances?
A) Possession means:
Having controlled legal drugs that are not obtained either directly from a doctor, or from a pharmacist using a valid prescription
Having controlled drugs which are illegal for use under any circumstance, like heroin or marijuana.

B) Dealing is illegally supplying or selling controlled drugs to users on a small scale.
C) Trafficking is the illegal manufacture, distribution, and sale of these drugs to dealers on a large scale.
D) Penalties for each offense vary from state to state and according to schedule.

What kind of treatment is available for the drug abuser?
In the recent years, the kind of treatment programs have multiplied since no single therapeutic approach seems to succeed for all people and with all drugs. Treatment approaches for narcotics abusers principally include drug-free or methadone maintenance in residential or outpatient facilities. Approximately two-third of the 3,400 treatment programs located across the country are drug-free;
the remaining one-third utilize methadone maintenance. Rehabilitation services such as career development, counseling, and job skills training are also available. For alcohol-dependent people, treatment often includes drug therapy during the alcohol withdrawal phase, group or individual psychotherapy, and the particular kind of support provided by self-help groups similar to Alcoholics Anonymous.
There are many other programs providing short-term counseling or drug crisis therapy in health agencies, schools, community mental health centers, and other organizations. And telephone hotlines are often the first source of confidential advice and referral information in the community.

Terms = Definitions

Drug Any substance, other than food, that changes the way the body and mind functions

Medicine Drug used to treat, prevent or diagnose illness

OTC Medicine purchased without a prescription

Prescription Medicine ordered by a doctor with a written slip

Responsibly Drug Use Correct use of drugs to promote health/well being

Drug Misuse When drug is not used as intended

Drug Abuse Use of an illicit or illegal drug

Addiction Compelling need for a drug even though it harms the body, mind and relationships

Psychoactive Drug Mind altering drug

Depressant slows down the CNS, heart rate, reaction time, and coordination EX. alcohol and rohypnol

Stimulant Speeds up CNS, blood pressure, breathing, pulse, body temperature EX Ecstasy, caffiene, tobacco, coccaine, crack

Hallucinogen Distorts reality and the senses, causes hallucinations EX LSD, mushrooms

Narcotic Pain killer that dulls senses and increases drowsiness, euphoria EX oxyconton, heroin, morphine, vicatin

Inhalent Dangerous fumes that are concentrated in a bag or cloth and inhaled EX aerosol cans, rubber cement

Depressant, Stimulant, Hallucinogen Increases appetite, heart rate, alters sense of time, and impairs short-term memory, judgement EX marijuana

Marijuana (class) Stimulant, Depressant, Hallucinogen

Marijuana memory loss, distorted perception, apathy, reduces vomit reflex, increased appetite, loss of coordination/concentration
Red/bloodshot eyes, unusually silly, munchies, paranoid, lose track of time

Cocaine/Crack (class) Stimulant
Cocaine/Crack Increase HR, blood pressure, irregular eating/sleeping patterns, increased feeling of energy
Paranoia, hostility, insomnia, anger, anxiety, frequent sniffing, bloodshot eyes
LSD (class) Hallucinogen

LSD Unpredictable, increased HR and body temp., loss of muscle control, dry mouth, sweating, flashbacks, dilated pupils
hallucinations, distorted reality, paranoia, severe thoughts and feelings
Heroin (class) Narcotic
Heroin PAIN KILLER, flushed skin, nausea, vomiting, drowsy feeling
numbness, sleepiness, feeling of euphoria
Inhalants, things that you inhale (class) Inhalants
Inhalants, things that you inahle Nausea, nosebleeds, sudden violent behavior, brain function stops, breathing impaired
slurred speech, drunk, dizzy, dazed appearance, red eyes, runny nose, unusual odor
Ecstasy (class) Stimulant with Hallucinogenic properties
Ecstasy increased body temp, Increased HR and blood pressure, hallucinations
Euphoria, no coordination, dizzy, confusion, memory loss, slurred speech, chills, sweating, sleep problems
Rohypnol (class) Depressant with Hallucinogenic properties
Rohypnol Loss of memory, slurred speech, visual disturbances, amnesia, loss of coordination and control
Hallucinations, confusion, dizziness, headache, stomach upset
Serving size for Beer and Ale 12 oz
Serving size for Wine 5 oz
Serving size for hard liquor 1-1.5 oz
Wine cooler 12 oz

are you sure its 28th any source??

yap ... imran bhai , prepare yourself ..

are you from PUNJAB or somewhere else ??

can anyone tell me how to edit THREAD name ??

galti say director k spellings galat ho gyy hain
:onesec

i am from sindh who informed you about test date?

source is fpsc lahore office

[QUOTE=zaigham shah;624950]source is fpsc lahore office[/QUOTE]

This Lerkaa, Ziagham shah, is looking well prepared for the test :D aur I havn't touched the books yet. So, is it confirmed, test is on 28th July?

@ zaigham shah

You can't edit thread title .

Kindly ,mention the source of information .

test update?

MADAM Moderator , which source of information ???

cnfirmation to apni saansoo ki bhi nhi hai PAPPU POPAT bhai .. wesay source ny yahi btaya hai k 28 ko hai ...
Aub aagay ALLAH ki marzi ..

and yr 2nd Q ka jawa b yeh hai k ager itna hee well-prepare hota , to last time Inspector ANF k interview ko qualify ker jata .. aur AD IB ka interview bhi ..

Quiz



1
Methamphetamines, cocaine, caffeine, and nicotine are classified as
A) stimulants
B) depressants
C) hallucinogens
D) narcotics

2
Opium and heroin are classified as
A) stimulants
B) depressants
C) hallucinogens
D) narcotics


3
Alcohol, barbiturates, and Valium are classified as
A) stimulants
B) depressants
C) hallucinogens
D) narcotics


4
Drugs that cause visual or auditory hallucinations include
A) LSD
B) marijuana
C) PCP
D) all of the above


5
A goal of the Uniform Controlled Substances Act of 1970 was to
A) mandate uniform drug laws in all U.S. jurisdictions
B) create uniform punishments for manufacture, sale, and possession of all controlled substances
C) achieve uniformity between the drug laws of the states and the federal government
D) all of the above


6
A current trend in drug use in the United States is
A) drug use is down
B) use of inhanlants and Ecstasy has increased among youth
C) use of anabolic steroids has decreased
D) use of marijuana and cocaine has increased sharply in the past ten years


7
Joe was arrested while snorting cocaine and charged with
A) actual possession
B) constructive possession
C) active possession
D) possession of drug paraphernalia


8
Evidence that would support a charge of possession with intent to deliver is
A) possession of a large quantity of drugs
B) possession of manufacturing or packaging equipment
C) statements of the person in possession of the substance
D) all of the above


9
The difference between delivery of a controlled substance and drug conspiracy is
A) delivery requires evidence that the person charged produced the substance
B) conspiracy involves only the activities of selling and transporting controlled substances
C) conspiracy is an agreement with the intent to manufacture and/or distribute controlled substances
D) delivery requires a public act


10
When some public action is taken that manifests a person's intent to engage in illegal drug activity, that person can be charged with
A) delivery of a controlled substance
B) drug conspiracy
C) drug loitering
D) drug transportation


11
A person who is growing marijuana plants in her backyard can be charged with
A) drug transoprtation
B) delivery of a controlled substance
C) cultivation and possession of marijuana
D) cultivation or possession of marijuana


12
The U.S. Supreme Court has held that a drug addict
A) can be jailed for his or her addiction
B) cannot be punished criminally simply for being a drug addict
C) can be punished for drug addiction, as long as the punishment is not severe enough to be considered cruel and unusual
D) is not criminally liable for activities he or she participated in while under the influence of a controlled substance


13
In most jurisdictions, the blood alcohol content that determines when a driver is legally drunk is
A) 0.25
B) 0.18
C) 0.1
D) 0.05


14
Intoxication could be used as a defense against
A) larceny
B) rape
C) assault
D) domestic violence
:blink:cow

From where you are taking this material?

from internet ..

i was quite worried about other portion of the course of AD ANF displayed on FPSC website ..
i worked very hard to find them .. stilll wandering ..

answer is bold in my wordpad file .. but it is not prominent on this website ..

kindly tell me how to upload my wordpad file on this site OR how to copy paste in the way that answer become BOLD VISIBLE on this page ???

check this

[url]http://wps.aw.com/bc_goodenough_boh_3/104/26712/6838304.cw/index.html[/url]



[url]http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0073380792/student_view0/chapter1/multiple_choice_quiz.html[/url]

Your most of posts have the information that is already posted by different members on the forum .

Have a look here [url]http://www.cssforum.com.pk/381119-post198.html[/url]

[url]http://www.cssforum.com.pk/381027-post192.html[/url]

What ever you post it is highly recommended that you should mention the source of information at the end of post .

Better to share you complied file here. For procedure kindly , browse following thread.

[URL="http://www.cssforum.com.pk/off-topic-section/site-feedback/67285-how-share-files-css-forum.html"]How to Share Files on CSS forum? [/URL]

Wish you very best of luck.

Regards

please mention the answers of these mcqs also....:sick

my all search material about ANF from internet .. hope , it will be very useful for everyone ..:vic:vic:vic




to view :

[url]http://www.mediafire.com/view/ny9r8xvo2124r5i/ANF_quiz.rtf[/url]


to download :

[url]http://www.mediafire.com/download/ny9r8xvo2124r5i/ANF_quiz.rtf[/url]

test date announce for ADV # 4 .. now it seems k ANF ka paper 28 ko hee hoga



[url]http://www.mediafire.com/view/xumwd2pu9n1racd/screening_test_and_written_exam_schedule_updated_2013.pdf[/url]
:thinking:comein

and yr 2nd Q ka jawa b yeh hai k ager itna hee well-prepare hota , to last time Inspector ANF k interview ko qualify ker jata .. aur AD IB ka interview bhi ..[/QUOTE]

what was your score in both the exams? or guess?

aoa .. in Inspector anf AD paper, i scored 85+ ..


and in last month AD iIB paper , i scored 80+ and 85- ... i did blunders in simple Q's

plz zaigham shah suggest me books for test preparation.

AOA Noor Bhai ,
Dilemma is that k AD ANF ki koi book hee nhi hai market mai .. last time bhi mera 70+ score thaa , aur mujhay problem sirf Narcotics related Q's solve krny mai hee aayi thee .. aur kafi struggle ker rha hun Internt search engine k through k kahein na kahein say material mil jayay .. jo jo mil rha hai , wo mai paste kerta ja rha hun ..

Assistant Director ANF paper is going to held on 28th of this month




[url]http://www.fpsc.gov.pk/icms/admin/file/time-table-pahse-IV-2013.pdf[/url]

[QUOTE=zaigham shah;626635]Assistant Director ANF paper is going to held on 28th of this month




[url]http://www.fpsc.gov.pk/icms/admin/file/time-table-pahse-IV-2013.pdf[/url][/QUOTE]
brother zaigham shah I want to contact you.I have send you mail and request on skype as well. . Kindly check that.
Regards

[QUOTE=Raja Gujral;626668]brother zaigham shah I want to contact you.I have send you mail and request on skype as well. . Kindly check that.
Regards[/QUOTE]




AOA .. JI RAJA bhai , how can i help you ?? it will be a pleasure for me to help anyone , though it will increase the rate of competition for me .. still i believe on that "Milta wohi hai , jo naseeb mai hota hai" ..:wub::bow:)):))

GLOSSARY OF DRUG POLICY RELATED TERMS

These definitions relate both to terms used in the CUC draft Alternatives to Drug Prohibition Social Responsibility Resolution, and to terms used in discussions arising from those recommendations. They are drawn from the Canadian Senate report "Cannabis: Our Position for a Canadian Public Policy", from the First Unitarian Church of Victoria drug panel of April 8, 2002, and from the Vancouver Unitarian Church congregational meeting of March 9, 2003.
Abuse
Vague term with a variety of meanings depending on the social, medical and legal contexts. Some equate any use of illicit drugs to abuse: for example, the international conventions consider that any use of drugs other than for medical or scientific purposes is abuse. The Diagnosis and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association defines abuse as a maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress as defined by one or more of four criteria.
Addiction
General term referring to the concepts of tolerance and dependency. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) addiction is the repeated use of a psychoactive substance to the extent that the user is periodically or chronically intoxicated, shows a compulsion to take the preferred substance, has great difficulty in voluntarily ceasing or modifying substance use, and exhibits determination to obtain the substance by almost any means. Some authors prefer the term addiction to dependence, because the former also refers to the evolutive process preceding dependence.
Alcohol
Alcohol is considered a drug because its main ingredient, ethanol, acts on the brain as a depressant. Tolerance is created with regular use of alcohol and results in more alcohol being needed each time to achieve the same effect. The short-term effects of alcohol include impairment of motor and perceptual skills, gastric stimulation and relaxation of inhibitions. The long-term risks associated with abuse are cirrhosis of the liver, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, hematologic disorders, neurological damage, hepatitis, heart disease, and overdose.
Amphetamine-like "new" drugs
MDA and MDMA. Both synthesized drugs are known as psychedelic amphetamines. They possess psychedelic properties like LSD and have the stimulant properties of amphetamines. MDMA is also known as "Ecstasy' or "Adam".
Cannabis
Three varieties of the cannabis plant exist: cannabis sativa, cannabis indica, and cannabis ruredalis. Cannabis sativa is the most commonly found, growing in almost any soil condition. The cannabis plant has been known in China for about 6000 years. The flowering tops and leaves are used to produce the smoked cannabis. Common terms used to refer to cannabis are pot, marijuana, dope, ganja, hemp. Hashish is produced from the extracted resin. Classified as a psychotropic drugs, cannabis is a modulator of the central nervous system.
Cocaine & Crack
Cocaine is one of the most powerful central nervous system stimulants known. It produces heightened alertness, inhibition of appetite, and intense feelings of euphoria and has been widely used in medicine as a local anesthetic. Cocaine is found in the leaves of a South American shrub called the Erythroxylon coca. Crack is a form of cocaine that has been chemically altered so that it can be smoked. It looks like small lumps or shavings of soap but has the texture of porcelain. Street terms for cocaine include Snow, Rock, Nose Candy, and Coke.
Decriminalization
Removal of a behaviour or activity from the scope of the criminal justice system. A distinction is usually made between de jure decriminalization, which entails an amendment to criminal legislation, and de facto decriminalization, which involves an administrative decision not to prosecute acts that nonetheless remain against the law. Decriminalization concerns only criminal legislation, and does not mean that the legal system has no further jurisdiction of any kind in this regard: other, non-criminal, laws may regulate the behaviour or activity that has been decriminalized (civil or regulatory offenses, etc.).
Depenalization
The removal of legal penalties for the possession of drugs for personal use. It differs from decriminalization in that in the latter civil fines are often substituted for criminal charges. Those who can pay fines do so, and those who cannot, often then face criminal charges. Because civil fines are often levied with greater frequency than criminal charges, decriminalization in some jurisdictions has resulted in more criminal charges for possession than before decriminalization, in a two level class based administration of justice.
Dependence
State where the user continues its use of the substance despite significant health, psychological, relational, familial or social problems. Dependence is a complex phenomenon, which may have genetic components. Psychological dependence refers to the psychological symptoms associated with craving and physical dependence to tolerance and the adaptation of the organism to chronic use.
Designer Drugs
Synthetic substances that are prepared by underground chemists to resemble existing potent but legal drugs, usually in the narcotic or amphetamine categories.
Diversion
The substitution of other sanctions for imprisonment, e.g., enforced treatment. In most jurisdictions there is not at present enough treatment space for those who wish it.
Dopamine
Neuromediator involved in the mechanisms of pleasure.
Drug
Generally used to refer to illicit rather than licit substances (such as nicotine, alcohol or medicines). In pharmacology, the term refers to any chemical agent that alters the biochemical or physiological processes of tissues or organisms. In this sense, the term drug refers better to any substance which is principally used for its psychoactive effects.
Gateway (theory)
Theory suggesting a sequential pattern in involvement in drug use from nicotine to alcohol, to cannabis and then "hard" drugs. The theory rests on a statistical association between the use of hard drugs and the fact that these users have generally used cannabis as their first illicit drug. This theory has not been validated by empirical research and is considered outdated.
Habituation
A psychological dependence on a drug, or related activity, to maintain a mental state of satisfaction. Many drugs are both addicting and habituating.
Harm Reduction >
Harm reduction is a set of practical strategies with the goal of meeting drug users "where they're at" to help them reduce any harms associated with their drug use. Because harm reduction demands that interventions and policies designed to serve drug users reflect specific individual and community needs, there is no universal definition of or formula for implementing harm reduction. Perhaps the most controversial harm reduction method is safe injection sites.
Hashish
Resinous extract from the flowering tops of the cannabis plant and transformed into a paste.
Heroin
Narcotic analgesic with pain-killing and addictive properties. Heroin is a semi-synthetic compound made by chemical modification of morphine. Morphine and Codeine are derivatives of opium, which comes from the Asian poppy plant. In the body, heroin rapidly converts back to its chief active metabolite, morphine. Street terms for heroin include Smack, Junk, Horse, and Black Tar. The short-term effects of heroin are pain relief, decreased respiration, constipation, nausea, itching, and sweating. Long-term risks include mood instability, reduced libido, constipation, and overdose.
Illicit
Not permitted, unlawful.
Interdiction
Intercept, prohibition, or banishment; a governmental prohibition of commercial trade, intended to bring about an entire cessation for the time being of all trade.
International Conventions
Various international conventions have been adopted by the international community since 1912, first under the Society of Nations and then under the United Nations, to regulate the possession, use, production, distribution, sale, etc., of various psychotropic substances. Currently, the three main conventions are the 1961 Single Convention, the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substance and the 1988 Convention against Illicit Traffic. Canada is a signatory to all three conventions. Subject to countries' national constitutions, these conventions establish a system of regulation where only medical and scientific uses are permitted. This system is based on the prohibition of source plants (coca, opium and cannabis) and the regulation of synthetic chemicals produced by pharmaceutical companies.
Intoxication
Disturbance of the physiological and psychological systems resulting from a substance. Pharmacology generally distinguishes four levels: light, moderate, serious and fatal.
Legalization
Regulatory system allowing the culture, production, marketing, sale and use of substances. Although none currently exist in relation to "street-drugs" (as opposed to alcohol or tobacco which are regulated products), a legalization system could take two forms: without any state control (free markets) and with state controls (regulatory regime).
Licit
Conforming to the requirements of law. Licit drugs include alcohol and nicotine.
LSD

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is the most powerful and well-known of all hallucinogens. LSD is a colourless, tasteless powder that can be found in a capsule or in a pill. Since the powder is extremely water soluble, and easily absorbed, drops of LSD are placed on blotters. LSD and other hallucinogenic drugs produce significant changes in perception, mood, and thought. These very often include visual hallucinations and distortions, where the user is aware that these experiences are not real. Short-term effects of LSD include perceptual distortion, heightened sensory experiences, increased blood pressure, and nausea. Long-term risks include possible flashbacks, tolerance to effects, and some psychological difficulties for a few.
Marijuana
Mexican term originally referring to a cigarette of poor quality. Has now become equivalent for cannabis.
Methadone
A synthetic narcotic drug; an orally effective analgesic similar in action to morphine but with slightly greater potency and longer duration. Used as a replacement for morphine and heroin.
Methamphetamine
A new synthesized form of the well-known drug methamphetamine or "Speed." Methamphetamine produces mainly central nervous system stimulation, reduction of hunger, and an overall feeling of well-being. The term ice is a street name that refers to a form of crystal methamphetamine (actually methylmethamphetamine) which can be smoked. Street terms for methamphetamine include Speed, Crank, Crystal, and Meth, depending on the physical form (crystal vs powder), the geographical area, and the dealer.
Morphine
The chief active ingredient in opium.
Mushrooms & Cacti
Other hallucinogens include mescaline, the naturally-occurring hallucinogen found in the Mexican peyote cactus, as well as other cacti in South America. These hallucinogens have the same effect as LSD, but last for a shorter period of time.
Narcotic
Drugs derived from opium or opium-like compounds, including morphine, heroin, and codeine as well an nonopiate, cythetic narcotics such as methadone, with potent analgesic effects associated with significant alteration of mood and behaviour and with the potential for dependence and tolerance following repeated administration. While highly addictive, they have not been proven themselves to be harmful to health when used in moderate amounts without adulteration. Sometimes used incorrectly to refer to all drugs capable of inducing dependence.
Nicotine
The addictive cancer causing drug in tobacco.
Opiates
Substance derived from the opium poppy. The term opiate excludes synthetic opioids such as heroin and methadone.
Opium
The dried juice of the unripe capsule of the opium poppy.
Overdose
A drug overdose is the accidental or intentional use of a drug or medicine in an amount that is higher than is normally used, and may result in death.
PCP
Phencyclidine (PCP); also known as Angel Dust. It was first invented as a human anesthetic but because of severe side effects its use on humans was discontinued. It was later used for a time in veterinary medicine. In its pure form, the drug is a white crystalline powder that can be snorted or sprinkled on tobacco, parsley flakes, or cannabis and then smoked. In liquid form, it can be injected. Short-term effects include time and space distortion, dissociative state, and the risk of overdose. At high doses it can bring coma and death.
Poly-addicted
Addicted to more than one substance.
Polydrug users
People using one or more drugs in varying combinations.
Prevalence
Total number of people with a disease, illness or condition in a specified period of time.
Prohibition
Historically, the term designates the period of national interdiction of alcohol sales in the United States between 1919 and 1933. By analogy, the term is now used to describe UN and State policies aiming for a drug-free society. Prohibition is based on the interdiction to cultivate, produce, fabricate, sell, possess, use, etc., some substances except for medical and scientific purposes.
Psychoactive substance
Substance which alters mental processes such as thinking or emotions. More neutral than the term "drug" because it does not refer to the legal status of the substance, it is the term we prefer to use.
Psychotropic substance (see also psychoactive)
Much the same as psychoactive substance. More specifically however, the term refers to drugs primarily used in the treatment of mental disorders, such as anxiolytic, sedatives, neuroleptics, etc. More specifically, refers to the substances covered in the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances.
Regulation
Control system specifying the conditions under which the cultivation, production, marketing, prescription, sales, possession or use of a substance are allowed. Regulatory approaches may rest on interdiction (as for illegal drugs) or controlled access (as for medical drugs or alcohol). Our proposal of an exemption regime under the current legislation is a regulatory regime.
Residential Treatment
Drug or alcohol treatment with a room and board or residential component.
Stimulants
Agents that arouse organic activity, strengthen the action of the heart, increase vitality, and promote a sense of well-being; classified according to the parts of the body upon which they chiefly act (i.e., the cardiac and respiratory systems). The principle drugs of abuse in this group are the amphetamines and cocaine. Life-threatening doses produce hyperthermia, convulsions and cardiovascular collapse. The short-term effects of amphetamines include increased heart rate, restlessness, euphoria, irregular breathing, and the risk of convulsions and overdose. Long-term risks include high blood pressure, anxiety, tension, insomnia, skin rash, overdose, and paranoia.
Tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta-9-THC)
Main active component of cannabis, Delta-9-THC is very fat-soluble and has a lengthy half-life. Its psychoactive effects are modulated by other active components in cannabis. In its natural state, cannabis contains between 0.5% to 5% THC. Sophisticated cultivation methods and plant selection, especially female plants, leads to higher levels of THC concentration.
Tolerance
Reduced response of the organisms and increased capacity to support its effects after a more or less lengthy period of use. Tolerance levels are extremely variable between substances, and tolerance to cannabis is believed to be lower than for most other drugs, including tobacco and alcohol.
Toxicity
Characteristic of a substance which induces intoxication, i.e., "poisoning". Many substances, including some common foods, have some level of toxicity. Cannabis presents almost no toxicity and cannot lead to an overdose.

Addiction Glossary of Terms and Phrases – Definitions
Abstinence: Refraining from further drug use
Acetaminophens: Pain relievers (e.g. Tylenol) used to treat headaches, muscle aches, headaches, etc.
ACOA: A support group for adult children of alcoholics
Addict: A stigmatizing slang term for an individual with an addictive disorder
Addiction Assessment: A way to determine the prevalence of chemical dependency in a client or the extent of one's addiction (considers sociological, psychological, physical, and family factors, etc.)
Addiction Treatment: Aims to reduce addiction
Addiction: A repeated activity that continuously causes harm to oneself or others (e.g. a substance's continuous presence in the bloodstream).
Addictive Personality: A trait/traits that develops in response to drug use
Adverse Reaction: A detrimental reaction to a drug (not the desired reaction)
Affinity: The strength a drug has that allows it to bind to its receptor
Age at Onset: The age at which one's addictive behavior began; an important factor in addiction assessment
Agonist: A drug that activates a receptor in the brain
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA): A voluntary program concerned with helping alcoholics with recovery and continued sobriety
Alkaloids: Plant-produced organic compounds that are the active ingredients in many drugs
Amphetamine: A behavioral stimulant; also known as pep pills
Analgesic: Medication designed to treat pain
Antagonist: A substance that can nullify another's effects (a drug that does not elicit a response)
AOD: Stands for (Alcohol and Other Drugs)
AODA: Stands for (Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse)
Aspirin: An anti-inflammatory agent used for pain relief
Barbiturate Addiction
Barbiturate: A class of sedative-hypnotic compounds that are chemically related through a six-membered ring structure
Benzodiazepine: A group of depressants used to induce sleep, prevent seizures, produce sedation, relieve anxiety and muscle spasms, etc.
Bioavailability: A drug's ability to enter the body
Biofeedback: Signal use to control physiological processes that are normally involuntary
Blood Alcohol Level/Concentration: The concentration level of alcohol in the bloodstream (expressed as a percentage by weight)
Buprenorphine: A semi-synthetic partial agonist opioid derived from the baine; used for pain relief (e.g. Buprenex)
Caffeine: An alkaloid that acts as a diuretic and a stimulant (found in coffee, tea, etc.)
Carcinogen: A cancer-causing chemical agent
Causal Factors: Various antecedent conditions that lead to individual chemical dependency problems (e.g. conditioning, environment, genetics, etc.)
Ceiling Effect: Occurs when the dosage of buprenorphine is increased beyond maximum levels and no differences result
Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT): Promotes community-based substance abuse treatment services
Central Nervous System (CNS): The brain and spinal cord
Certified Chemical Dependency Counselor (CCDC): Manages clients in chemical dependency programs to help with addiction recovery
Cirrhosis: Chronic liver disease
Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS): Used to determine the severity of opioid withdrawal
Codeine: The pain-relieving sedative agent contained in opium
Codependence: A family member's or friend's suffering that is the result of the side effects of one's addiction; it occurs when one takes responsibility for another's actions and helps that person avoid facing his or her problems directly to maintain the relationship
Cold Turkey: Abruptly quitting a drug by choice in order to try to quit long-term
Compulsion: A physical behavior one repeats involuntarily that can be harmful (e.g., addiction)
Conditioning: A behavioral change that results from an association between events
Craving: A powerful and strong desire/urge for a substance; a symptom of the abnormal brain adaptions that result from addiction
Crisis Intervention: The action taken when one's usual coping resources pose a threat to individual or family functioning
Cross-Dependence: The ability of one drug to prevent the withdrawal symptoms of one's physical dependence on another
Cross-Tolerance: Occurs when one's tolerance for one drug results in their lessened response to another
D.O.C.: This stands for drug of choice.
Denial: One's failure to either admit or realize his or her addiction or to recognize and accept the harm it can cause
Depressants: Sedatives that act on the CNS (e.g. to treat anxiety, high blood pressure, tension, etc.)
Depression: One of the most frequent types of distress resulting from addiction; an ongoing state of sadness involving the inability to concentrate, inactivity, etc.
Detoxification (Detox): The process of removing a toxic substance (e.g. a drug) from the body
Disease Model: A theory of alcoholism that considers the addiction a disease rather than a social or psychological issue.
Disease: A condition featuring medically significant symptoms that often have a known cause
Doctor Shopping: Occurs when a patient requests care simultaneously from multiple physicians without their knowledge in order to receive higher amounts of medications
Dopamine: A chemical produced naturally by the body; functions in the brain as a neurotransmitter to provide feelings of well-being
Downers: Another name for depressants; these drugs can cause low moods (e.g. alcohol, barbiturates, tranquilizers, etc.)
Drug Misuse: One's use of a drug not specifically recommended or prescribed when there are more practical alternatives; when drug use puts a user or others in danger
Drug Tolerance: A progressive state of decreased responsiveness to a drug
DSM-IV: The handbook most often used for diagnosing mental disorders
Dual-Diagnosis: Mental patients ' condition when they are also addicted to any mind-altering drug
DUI: Stands for (driving under influence) (of alcohol or another illicit substance that impairs one's ability to drive)
DWI: Stands for (driving while intoxicated)
Dysphoria: The opposite of euphoria
Dysynergy: An addiction's tendency to cause another (e.g. gateway drugs); an addicted person's tendency to combine substances
Enabling: Helping an addicted person do things they can or should be doing for themselves; causes disease progression
Endogenous Opioid: The opioids that the body naturally produces in order to help us tolerate pain
Endorphins: Opium-like substances produced by the brain; natural painkillers
Ethanol: The beverage type (ethyl) of alcohol
Euphoria: A pleasurable state of altered consciousness; one reason for the preference of one addictive behavior or substance over another
Evidence-based Treatment: Scientifically validated treatment approaches
Excipient: An inactive substance added to a drug to help bind the active ingredient
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS): Birth defects/abnormalities in babies of alcoholic and alcohol abusing mothers
Fetal Drug Syndrome (FDS): Birth defects/abnormalities in babies of drug abusing mothers
Food and Drug Administration (FDA): Administers federal laws regarding, for example, the safety and effectiveness of drugs
Habit: An outdated term for addiction/physical dependence
Hallucinogen: Chemical substance that distorts perceptions, sometimes resulting in delusions or hallucinations
Harm Reduction: Often the first stage of addiction treatment; reducing therapy instead of stopping the target behavior
Heroin: A full opioid agonist
Hydrocodone: An effective narcotic analgesic first developed as a cough medication
Addiction
Illegal/Illicit Drugs: Drugs that are illegal to produce, use, and sell
Induction: Beginning phase of buprenorphine treatment
Inflation: An addiction behavior's tendency to slowly but surely increase in frequency
Intoxication: A state of being drugged or poisoned; results from abuse of alcohol, barbiturates, toxic drugs, etc.
Intrinsic Activity: The extent to which a drug activates a receptor
Legal Drugs: Everyday drugs not for medical use (e.g. alcohol, caffeine, carbohydrates, nicotine, etc.)
Maintenance: Stabilization of a patient who is indefinitely on a drug's lowest effective dose
Medical Model: An addiction theory that considers addiction a medical rather than social issue
Metabolism (of drugs): The chemical and physical reactions carried out by the body to prepare for a drug's execution
Methadone: A long-acting opiate (synthetically produced)
Monotherapy: Therapy using one drug
Morphine: A major sedative/pain reliever found in opium
Mu Agonist: A drug that stimulates physiologic activity on mu opioid cell receptors
Mu Opioid Receptor: Nerve cell receptor that mediates opioid addiction and tolerance through drug-induced activity
Naloxone: An opioid antagonist that blocks the effects of opioid agonists
Naltrexone: A narcotic antagonist that blocks the effects of opioids
Narcotic: A drug that produces sleep/drowsiness and that also relieves pain while being potentially dependence producing
National Board of Addiction Examiners (NBAE): Provides certification for individuals in the addiction field
Negative Reinforcement: Repetitive behavior to avoid something unpleasant
Neurotransmitter: The natural chemical a neuron releases to communicate with or influence another
Nicotine: Tobacco's extremely toxic main active ingredient (causes negative CNS stimulation)
Nonopioid: A drug that doesn 't activate opioid receptors
Obsession: A mental behavior one repeats involuntarily that can be harmful (e.g., (needing) an alcoholic drink)
Off-Label Use: Physician-approved use of a drug for uses other than those stated on its label
Opiate: The poppy's natural ingredients and their derivatives (opium, morphine, codeine, and heroin)
Opioids: Opium's synthetic form
Opium: One of the most popular drugs; contained in muscle-relaxers, sleeping pills, and tranquilizers
Over-the-Counter Drugs: Legal non-prescription drugs
Oxycodone: A medicine used for relief of moderate to high pain
Painkillers: Analgesic substances (opioids and nonopioids)
Partial Agonists: Bind to and activate receptors to a lesser degree than full agonists
Pharmacology: Scientific branch dealing with the study of drugs and their actions
Physical Dependence: The body's physiologic adaptation to a substance
Placebo: A substance with no pharmacological elements that may elicit a reaction because of a patient's mindset
Polysubstance Abuse: Concurrent abuse of more than one substance
Post-Acute Withdrawal Syndrome (PAWS): Withdrawal symptoms after initial acute withdrawal
Precipitated Withdrawal Syndrome: Can occur when a patient on full-agonist opioids takes an antagonist
Prescription Drugs
Prescription Drugs: Only available by a physician's order
Psychedelic Drugs: Produce an intensely pleasurable mental state
Psychoactive Drug: A mind- and behavior-altering substance
Psychological Dependence: One's compulsion to use a psychologically based drug for pleasure; may lead to drug misuse
Psychopharmacology: The study of how drugs affect consciousness, mood, sensation, etc.
Psychotropic Drug: Any drug that acts on one's psychic experience or mood behavior
Rapid Detox: Anesthesia-assisted detoxification (injection of high doses of an opiate antagonist, followed by an infusion of naloxone)
Receptor: Protein on a target cell's membrane or cytoplasm with which a drug interacts
Recidivism: One's return to a negative behavior (relapse) (e.g. drug use)
Recovery Rates: The percentage of addicted persons undergoing treatment who partake in abstinence in their first year
Recovery: Reducing or ceasing substance abuse; often followed by one's personal life being turned around by way of a supportive environment
Relapse Prevention: A therapeutic process that interrupts believes and behaviors that result in lifestyle dysfunction
Relapse: Symptom recurrence after a period of sobriety or drug use cessation
Remission: A symptom-free period
Reversed Tolerance: When a lower dose of a drug produces the same desired or observed effect that previously resulted only with higher dosages
Screening: Measurement tool for the extent of one's addiction (e.g., self-completion questionnaire/life-history assessment)
Self-Help Group: Group of individuals dealing with similar issues that meets to support each other and share helpful information (e.g. AA)
Side Effects: Secondary effects of a drug; these are usually undesirable
Societal Denial: Society's denial of the historical value of drug-induced pleasure and euphoria
Steroids: A group of cyclic, solid unsaturated alcohols (e.g. cholesterol)
Stimulant: Drugs that act on the CNS, resulting in alertness, excitation, and wakefulness
Straight-Edge: A term for people who don 't use drugs
Sublingual: Drugs that enter the blood through the membranes under the tongue
Substance Abuse (Chemical Dependence): A maladaptive pattern of recurrent substance use that leads to impairment or distress that is clinically significant
Substance Dependence:
Synergism: The greater effect that results when one takes more than one drug simultaneously
Synthetic: Not natural occurring
Talc Granulomatosis:
Talc: Dangerous substance used in manufacturing pharmaceuticals
Therapeutic Community: A setting where people with similar issues can meet to support each other's recovery
Therapeutic Dependence: Patients ' tendency to demonstrate drug-seeking behaviors because they fear withdrawal symptoms
Titration: The gradual adjustment of the amount of a drug
Tolerance: Condition in which one must increase their use of a drug for it to have the same effect
Toxicity: A degree of poisonousness
Tranquilizers: A type of drug that can help relieve the symptoms of severe psychosis
Trigger: Anything that results in psychological and then physical relapse
Ups or Uppers: Drugs that produce a euphoric effect (e.g. stimulants, amphetamines)
Urge-Peak Cycle: Ongoing urge-peaks, usually followed by relapse
Urge-Peak: A sudden, unpredictable increase in addiction cravings; they usually involve temporary mental unawareness (e.g. not realizing the amount of drinks one has had)
Urges: Less powerful desires than cravings; can be suppressed by willpower
User: Outdated term used to describe one who misuses alcohol or drugs
Withdrawal Symptoms: Severe and excruciating physical and emotional symptoms that generally occur between 4 to 72 hours after opiate withdrawal (e.g., watery eyes, yawning, loss of appetite, panic, insomnia, vomiting, shaking, irritability, jitters, etc.)
Withdrawal Syndrome: Combined reactions or behaviors that result from the abrupt cessation of a drug one is dependent on
Withdrawal: The abrupt decrease in or removal of one's regular dosage of a psychoactive substance

[QUOTE=zaigham shah;626893]AOA .. JI RAJA bhai , how can i help you ?? it will be a pleasure for me to help anyone , though it will increase the rate of competition for me .. still i believe on that "Milta wohi hai , jo naseeb mai hota hai" ..:wub::bow:)):))[/QUOTE]

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dear zaigham,i need subject material.i have sent you email requesting for sending subject material.waiting for your reply.

zaigham bhai subject material muje bhe mail karden please.

[QUOTE=darkmoon;626968]zaigham bhai subject material muje bhe mail karden please.[/QUOTE]

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Zaigham bhai plz also send me material
 

Zaigham bhai plz also send me material
my email is [email]*******[/email]