International Years

2013
International Year of Water Cooperation

2012
International Year of Cooperatives
International Year of Sustainable Energy for All

2011
International Year for People of African Descent
International Year of Chemistry
International Year of Forests
International Year of Youth (12 August 2010 — 11 August 2011)

2010
International Year of Youth (12 August 2010 — 11 August 2011)
International Year for the Rapprochement of Cultures
International Year of Biodiversity
International Year of the Seafarer

2009
International Year of Reconciliation
International Year of Natural Fibres
International Year of Human Rights Learning
International Year of Astronomy
Year of the Gorilla (UNEP and UNESCO)

2008
International Year of Planet Earth
International Year of Languages
International Year of Sanitation
International Year of the Potato

2007/08
International Polar Year (WMO)

2006
International Year of Deserts and Desertification

2005
International Year of Microcredit
International Year for Sport and Physical Education
International Year of Physics

2004
International Year to Commemorate the Struggle against Slavery and its Abolition
International Year of Rice

2003
Year of Kyrgyz Statehood
International Year of Freshwater

2002
United Nations Year for Cultural Heritage
International Year of Mountains
International Year of Ecotourism

2001
United Nations Year of Dialogue among Civilizations
International Year of Volunteers
International Year of Mobilization against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance

2000
International Year of Thanksgiving
International Year for the Culture of Peace

International Weeks

February
1–7 February (First week of February)
*World Interfaith Harmony Week
March
21–27 March
*Week of Solidarity with the Peoples Struggling against Racism and Racial Discrimination
April
23–29 April
*UN Global Road Safety Week
May
25–31 May
*Week of Solidarity with the Peoples of Non-Self-Governing Territories
August
1–7 August
*World Breastfeeding Week (WHO)
October
4–10 October
*World Space Week
24–30 October
*Disarmament Week
November
6–12 November (The week in which 11 November falls)
*International Week of Science and Peace

__________________
~Hamaray Lehjay Mein Ye Tawazan Barri Saoobat Ke Baad Aaya
~ Kai Mizajon Ke Dasht Dekhay; Kai Rawayyon ki Khaak Chhani~

currently John Lipsky (an american economist) is working as an acting managing director of IMF

2014 FIFA World Cup will be held in Brazil
2010 FIFA World Cup Winner Spain, Runner Up Netherlands Third Germany Fourth Uruguay
2015 ICC Cricket World cup will be held in Australia and New Zealand
2011 ICC Cricket World Cup Winner India Runner up Sri Lanka
2010 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Liu Xiaobo of China

__________________
Life is the name of competition.
Competition end, life end.

Distinctive Name Countries
Britain of the South..........New Zealand
The Battlefield of Europe.......... Belgium
City of the Golden Gate............ San Francisco
City of Magnificent Distances....... Washington D.C.
City of Popes.......... Rome
City of Seven Hills......... Rome
City of Skyscrapers........ New York
Cockpit of Europe.......... Belgium
Dark Continent....... Africa
Dairy of Northern Europe...... Denmark
Emerald Island...... Ireland
Empire City........ New York
Eternal City...... Rome, Italy
Forbidden City........ Lhasa (Tibet)
Garden of England........ Kent
Gate of Tears Babel-Mandab,...... Jerusalem
Granite City............. Aberdeen (Scotland)
Great White Way Broadway....... (New York)
Gift of Nile.... Egypt
Gibraltar of the Indian Ocean.... Aden
Herring Pond........ Atlantic Ocean
Hermit Kingdom....... Korea
Holy Land........ Palestine
Island of Cloves.......... Madagascar (Malagasy)
The Isle of Spring........ Jamaica
Key to the Mediterranean...... Gibraltar
Land of Cakes (or Oat Cakes).......... Scotland
Land of the Golden Fleece..... Australia
Land of the Golden Pagoda........ Myanmar (Burma)
Land of Kangaroos......... Australia
Land of Lilies...... Canada
Land of the Midnight Sun........... Norway
Land of Milk and Honey...... Canaan
Land of Morning Calm..... Korea
Land of the Rising Sun........ Japan
Land of a Thousand Lakes..... Finland
Land of Thunderbolt........ Bhutan
Land of White Elephants........ Thailand
Lady of Snow........... Canada
Little Venice........... Venezuela
Never, Never Land....... Prairies (North Australia)
Pearl of Antilles......... Cuba
Playground of Europe......... Switzerland
Pillars of Hercules........ Straits of Gibraltar

__________________
~Hamaray Lehjay Mein Ye Tawazan Barri Saoobat Ke Baad Aaya
~ Kai Mizajon Ke Dasht Dekhay; Kai Rawayyon ki Khaak Chhani~

Important Battles Of The World

Battle of Marathon(490 BC)
Athenians and Persians. King Darius of Persia defeated.

Spartan War 1 (I459 BC)
Sparta and Athens, lasted for 30 years.

Spartan War II (431 BC-421)
Sparta and Athens; Spartans victorious.

Battle of Arabia (331 BC)
Greek and Persian forces; Greeks victorious.

Battle of Magnesia (190 BC)
Syrian and Roman forces; Syrian forces defeated (North-west Lydia).

Battle of Pharasalus (48 AD )
Caesar defeated Pompey.

Battle of Hastings (1066)
William, the Duck of Normandy defeated Harold, the king of England. England came under the control of Normans.

Hundred- year War (1338-1453)
Fought between France and England .
The cause of the war was the succession was claimed to the throne of France which was claimed by Edward III of England. The war was resume by Henry V and was brought to an end by the Heroism of Joan of Arc – ‘A Country girl who overthrew the power of England ‘. John of Arc was burnt alive at the stakes in 1431.

War of the Roses (1455-1485)
Civil War in England; The Cause of the
War was a struggle for the throne o England between the two royal houses of Lancaster and York.

Anglo-Spanish War (1588)
(also named as Spanish Armada War)
Spanish and England fleets fought in the England Channel; The English fleet under lord Howard Defeated of the Spanish Armada.

Battle of Gibraltar Way (1607)
The Dutch defeated the Spanish and Portuguese.

Thirty-year War (1618-1648)
Stated as religious-cum-political war
Between the Lutherans and Catholics in
Germany and developed into an international war.

Civil War in England (1642-1649)
Between Cavaliers (King Charles I supporters)and forces of Parliament led by Oliver Cromwell, king Charles I executed .

Seven -Year War
(Anglo-French War III)
(1756-1763)
Britain and France against Austria and Prussia; the British alliance won.

Battle of the Nile (1798)
British and French fleets, Britain victorious.

Battle of Trafolgar (1805)
British fleet defeated fleets of France and Spain. British fleets were commanded by Admiral Nelson, who was killed during the Battle.

Battle of Austerliz (1805)
Britain , Austria ,Russia and Prussia .On side and France on the other. Napoleon (France) defeated Austria and Russia.

Battle of Borodino (1812)
Between France and Russia. Napolean invaded Russia at Borodino, and nearly defeated the Russians. However on reaching Moscow, his army suffered heavy losses and was forced to retreat. Napolean’s ill-fated attack on Russia market the beginning of the downfall of the French Empire.

Battle of Leipzing (1813)
Germany and combined force of Austria, Prussia and Russia, Defeated Napolean.

Battle of Waterloo (1815)
British forces and by Duke of Wellington (sir Arthur Wellesly) defeated French forces led by Napolean. Napolean was Captured and exiled to St. Helena where he died in 1821.

First Opium War (1840)
China and Britain; Chinese yielded opium. It was a trade war.

Crimean War (1854-1856)
The Combined forces of the British,French and Turks defeated Russia.

American Civil War (1861-1865)
Northern states of America under Abraham Lincon defeated the Southern states and abolished the slavery.

Sino- Japanese War (1894-1895)
Japan Defeated China and occupied Formosa and Korea.

Battle of Omdurman (1898)
The British and Egyptian forces defeated the forces of Khalifa (Mehdits).

Boer War (1899-1901)
The revolt of Transvaal Boers was suppressed by the British forces. Boers belonged to Dutch Protestant stock who opposed Britishers because of abolition of slavery by Britain.

Russo- Japanese War
(Battle of Port Arthur& Battle of Yalu)
(1904-1905)
Russia and Japan in the sea of Japan.
Russia defeated; It led the wave of the idea of Asian Resurgence.

Balkan War I (1912 )
Turkey and Balkan countries (Montenegro, Serbia, Bulgaria and Greece), Turkey defeated.

Balkan War II (1913)
Invasion of Serbia and Greece by Bulgaria. Bulgaria was Defeated by Combined forces of Serbia, Greece. Rumania, Montengro who stripped Turkey of most of its European territories.

World War I (1914-1918)
Central Power (Germany and its allies) against the Allied Power (Britain and its allies); Central power were defeated.
Famous Battles :
(1). First battle of Marne (1914)- France defeated Germany.
(2). Battle o Jutland(1916)- Naval battle between England and Germany. England defeated Germany.
(3). Battle of Verdun (1916)- Fought between France & Germany .
(4). Second battle of Marne(1918) – France defeated Germany.

World War II (1939-1945)
Axis Powers (Germany and its allies) against the Allied Power (Britain and its allies);
Axis Power were defeated.
Famous Battle: Battle of EI Alamein (1942)-The Allies victory during the World War II and retreat of General Rommel’s forces.

__________________
~Hamaray Lehjay Mein Ye Tawazan Barri Saoobat Ke Baad Aaya
~ Kai Mizajon Ke Dasht Dekhay; Kai Rawayyon ki Khaak Chhani~

If someone has brief information(dates, causes and polarities) about "crusades", please share here.

Regards.

__________________
~Hamaray Lehjay Mein Ye Tawazan Barri Saoobat Ke Baad Aaya
~ Kai Mizajon Ke Dasht Dekhay; Kai Rawayyon ki Khaak Chhani~