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How urban life was affected in USA during first two stages of industrialization?
Introduction:

Though precise date for full scale American industrial revolution is difficult to give, yet t is widely believed that it lasted from late 18th century to early 19th century. However, the second phase began in the wake of civil war. the second phase is also known as technological revolution. These two phases had huge impact on urban life. The social, economic, religious and political life of urban people was greatly affected by the industrial revolution. The range of impacts vary from better living standard, improved literacy rate, women suffrage, growing population, class division to environmental degradation and many others. These impacts are discussed below:

Improved living standard: industrial revolution brought change I life style of urban life. People began to enjoy luxury life style. Improved roads, transport and communication system rose the living standard.

Education: with industrialization the demands for educated people had increased. This led to improve education condition of people. Many tax supported schools were opened in cities. In 1873 KG system was introduced. By 1900 illiteracy rate dropped from 17% to 11%.

WOMAN Rights: during first phase the demand for civil and political rights were echoed in the society. This resulted in change in property law for women. More facilities were provided for the education of women. In 1840 the Georgia Female College conferred first degree on women. However, they got voting right during 2nd phase of industrial revolution in 1869.

Women In job market: With industrial revolution the demand for workers increased. This increased opportunities for women. More and more women could be seen as typist, telephone operator and other.

Improved Economic life of urban people: industrialization increased employment opportunities for the people. This increased earning of people.

Surge in Population: The industrialization brought surge in urban population. In 1850, around 15.3% people lived in cities, while this number rosed to 39% by 1900. Many people rushed to cities. This brought many challenges for urban life.

Epidemic Disease: Surge in urban population create problem for health. Poor sanitation and heaps of garbage created health hazards. Long hour of work in industries created fatigue among people. Poor safety enrolment in industries also ended with injuries.

Class Division: the economic transformation also led to sharpen the class division. More benefits were acquired by handful business man, while major chunk was left with minimum return. This paved the way for labour movement in the country.
Racial Riots & Crime: A large number of immigrants flooded into the cities in search of better employment. These people have different culture and social structure. This gave birth to racial riots in the cities. Resultantly, this increased crime ration in cities.

Religious Beliefs: The religious beliefs were affected in urban cities. More and more catholic churches began to be opened in the cities. This against became another cause of tension among inhabitants. Theories like Darwin also added fuel to the fire.

Environmental Degradation: the industrial activities to the environmental degradation of cities. More and more manufacturing activities polluted environment.

Critical Analysis:
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Conclusion: