Education profile of Pakistan
The very scale of Pakistan’s education sector -- more than 150,000 public education institutions serving over 21 million students and a huge private sector that serves another 12 million – presents formidable challenges.
Expanding access and achieving gender parity
Literacy in Pakistan rose from 45 to 54 percent between 2002 and 2006, and net primary enrollment rates increased from 42 to 52 percent. But Pakistan’s participation rates remain the lowest in South Asia and there are wide male-female, inter-regional and rural-urban disparities:
- Only 22 percent of girls, compared to 47 percent boys, complete primary schooling
- Female literacy in rural Balochistan is only 32 percent compared to high urban male literacy rates (80 percent among urban male in Sindh)
Sustained efforts are needed to achieve the 2015 Millennium Development Goals in education -- full primary completion and gender parity in enrolments.
Reducing the high dropout rates
School dropout rates are high starting, especially, at the secondary level:
- Only 30 percent of Pakistan’s children receive secondary education
- Only 19 percent attend upper secondary schools
Expanding and modernizing vocational and tertiary education
Better access, teaching and research are needed at the tertiary level to equip graduates with the high-level skills needed to build a knowledge economy. Currently:
- Tertiary enrollment rates are less than 5 percent of the eligible age cohort (17-23).
- Less than 8 percent of the work force receives formal training.
Improving education quality and governance
These challenges call for improvements in governance and greater accountability on the part of education service providers. This requires:
- Continued government commitment to education and policy reforms.
- Capacity building in institutions delivering education services.
- Increased investment in education, which, currently at 2.3 percent of GDP, is the lowest in South Asia.
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