Antarctic Treaty





23 Jun 1961 Antarctic Treaty comes into effect

Executive secretary

1 Sep 2004 - Jan Huber (Netherlands)

Antarctic Treaty membership

23 Jun 1961 Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Chile, France, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, South Africa, Soviet Union1, United Kingdom, United States

14 Jun 1962 Czechoslovakia2
20 May 1965 Denmark
30 Mar 1967 The Netherlands
15 Sep 1971 Romania
19 Nov 1974 East Germany3
16 May 1975 Brazil
11 Sep 1978 Bulgaria
5 Feb 1979 West Germany3
11 Jan 1980 Uruguay
16 Mar 1981 Papua New Guinea
18 Mar 1981 Italy
10 Apr 1981 Peru
31 Mar 1982 Spain
8 Jun 1983 China
19 Aug 1983 India
27 Jan 1984 Hungary
24 Apr 1984 Sweden
15 May 1984 Finland
16 Aug 1984 Cuba
28 Nov 1986 South Korea
8 Jan 1987 Greece
21 Jan 1987 North Korea
25 Aug 1987 Austria
15 Sep 1987 Ecuador
4 May 1988 Canada
31 Jan 1989 Colombia
15 Nov 1990 Switzerland
31 Jul 1991 Guatemala
28 Oct 1992 Ukraine
25 Jan 1996 Turkey
24 May 1999 Venezuela
17 May 2001 Estonia
27 Dec 2006 Belarus
30 May 2008 Monaco


1Dissolved 25 Dec 1991, succeeded by Russia. 2From 1 Jan 1993 Czech Republic and Slovakia. 3East and West Germany united 3 Oct 1990.

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"Intellectuals solve problems; geniuses prevent them."