Sultan
Shahāb-ud-Din Muhammad Ghori (also
Ghauri,
Ghouri) (
Persian: سلطان شہاب الدین محمد غوری), originally called
Mu'izzuddīn Muḥammad Bin Sām (and also referred to by
Orientalists as
Muhammad of Ghor) (1162 – 15 March 1206), was a ruler of the
Ghorid dynasty who reigned over a territory spanning present-day
Afghanistan,
Pakistan and northern
India.
Shahabuddin Ghori reconquered the city of
Ghazna (in modern-day Afghanistan) in 1173, and assisted his brother
Ghiyasuddin in his contest with
Khwarezmid Empire for the lordship of
Khorāsān. Shahabuddin Ghori captured
Multan and
Uch in 1175 and annexed the Ghaznavid principality of
Lahore in 1186. After the death of his brother Ghiyas-ud-Din in 1202, he became the successor of his empire and ruled until his assassination in 1206 near
Jhelum (in modern-day Pakistan).
A confused struggle then ensued among the remaining Ghūrid leaders, and the Khwarezmids were able to take over the Ghūrids' empire in about 1215. Though the Ghūrids' empire was short-lived, Shahabuddin Ghori's conquests strengthened the foundations of Muslim rule in India.
Battle of Gujarat or Kayadara, 1178
Capture of Lahore, 1181
A sign post in
Sohawa pointing towards the direction of Shihab-
In 1191, Ghauri, leading an army of 120,000 men, invaded India through the
Khyber Pass and was successful in reaching Punjab. Ghauri captured a fortress, either at
Sirhind or
Bathinda in present-day
Punjab state on the northwestern frontier of
Prithvīrāj Chauhān's kingdom
ictory in the Second Battle of Tarain, 1192
In 1192, Ghauri re-assembled his army of 120,000 men and returned to challenge Prithviraj at the
Second Battle of Tarain. When he reached
Lahore, he sent his envoy to
Prithviraj Chauhan to demand his surrender but
Prithviraj Chauhan refused to comply. Prithviraj Chauhan then issued a fervent appeal to his fellow
Rajput rulers and aristocracy to come to his aid against Ghaur
Ghauri divided his troops into 5 parts and attacked the Rajput armies in the early morning hours sending waves of mounted archers to attack the Rajput forces, but retreated as the Rajput elephant phalanx advanced. Ghauri deployed four parts to attack the Rajputs on four sides keeping a fifth part of his army in reserve. Khande Rao (General of Prithviraj), was killed. The enthusiasm of Prithviraj also dampened against these reverses. Knowing that Rajputs do not fight after sunset and before dawn, Ghauri orchestrated a surprise attack of 120,000 heavily-armored army to the center of the resting Rajput army, which collapsed into confusion,
[3][5] The Rajput Army was taken by surprise, thereby conceding victory to Ghauri
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