EDWARD SAID

said was born November 1,1935 jerusalem in what then palestine.He was an influential,often polemical cultural critic and public intellectual who frequently wrote about the Arab-israel conflict in the Middle East and actively national rights.the most celebrated amöng his works are "Cultural and imperialism " and orientalism " .

Chunks from history.

1. victorian age and colonialism.
--age in which "The sun never sets on the British Empire"
--mutiny.
--writers, Rider haggard,Rudyard kipling and joseph conard.
--chralotte Bronte,charles dickens,George eliot,domestic writers.
--childhood nostalgia,autobiography,social evil--main themes.
--william makepeace theckery -vanity fair,encompasses colonial Raj in india.

LITERARY INTERPRETATION,SAID AND POST COLONIAL LITERATURE.

1.the subjective response of writer toward imperialism and vehemancy of criticism by critics regarding subjectivity of literature.

2.pessimistic and negative interpretations.

3.exposure of hegemonic tendencies in literauure.
But said's view literature should be humanistic.

4.SAID's portrayal of west perception throught the prism of jane Austen and Kipling writing.On the othe side the interpretation of Asian writers Mulk raj Anand,Manohar Malgonkar ,tagore and Bharti.

CULTURE AND ITS VARIOUS IMPLICATIONS.

Culture,in anthropology,the patterns of behavior and thinking that people living in social groups learn,create and share.

1.phsycial characteristics of man make culture.
2.symbols as identity.
3.creativity.
4.inheritance.
5.language.,flag,dress,style,norms,folkways,mores.
6.Innate capacity of cultural acquisition.this is called cultural transmission.
7.Enculturation is a long process. As learning the intricacies of human language.
8.culture is shared.
9.Ethnocentrism and cultural Relativism.
--unshared culture leads to confusion and cultural shock.
And sharing of culture is called Ethnocentrism.Example,Nazi massacre of jews in 1940s.
--global culture and cultural shocks are due to cross-culture.

Social culture consist of,
1.Family
2.leadership.
3.ideology.
4.secularism or cultural shocks.

History of culture ,
it starts from The accounts of Greek Historian Herodotus who lived in the 400s bc.he travelled through persian empire,Asia and Africa.
--Muslim culture.
--Europeon culture.

Latest trends.
--ecology and economy
--culture materialism.
Two ways of culture interpertation.
---Emic,that conceived by natives.
---etic,concieved by foreign.
--"said " interpretated both types in literaure.

IMPERIALISM.
"The might' tendencies to control and maintain weak or inferior"
History...
1.Alaxander the great,
2.Roman empire.
3.Tamiurlaine.
4.european imperialism.
5.economic imperialism by IMF,WTO,WB.

MOTIVES BEHIND IMPERIALISM.
1.Karl Marx, conflict or clash of civilization.
2.hegemony.
3.security,power,prestige.

"Effects".
--exploitation,
--povety,
--social abuses.
--collaspe of organisations.
--cultural shock.
--diaspora.
ISLAMIC LAW AND WESTERN IMPERIALISM.0
--Imagined religious fanaticism/free world.
--independence movements/terrorism.
--Monarchy/democracy.

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"Wa tu izzu man-ta shaa, wa tu zillu man-ta shaa"