LEANING IS A key process some would say the key process in human behaviour.IT PERVADES everything that we do and think.IT PLAYS a central role in the language we speak,our customs and our tradition and our persnol goals.so

LEARNING CAN be defind as any relatively permenant changes in behaviour that occures as a result of practice or experiments.THIS defination has thre important elements.

1 LEARNING is a change in behaviour for better or worse.

2 IT IS CHANGE that took place through practice or experience cahnge due to growth or maturation are not learning.

3 BEFORE IT can be called learning the change must be relatively permenant;it must last a fairly long time.


SO WHEN YOU ARE LEARNING this passage you are learning some new thing ,but this learning is the small part of some learning you have done in life,when you got up other morning you will have many other tasks to performs so you began to think about other things ,thinking invoked your attitudes about other peoples or eventsperhaps it caused you to worry about different things,so what you worried about is rooted in your past experiences,or past learning.


CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING get its name from the fact that it is the kind of learning situation that existed in the early ''CLASICAL'' EXPERIMENTSof IVAN AND PAVLOV.


what IS CLASSICAL CONDITIONING?WE START WITH SOME EXAMPLES,
PALVOV designed appartuaus that could measure how much dog`s mouth water in response to food or other things in its enviorment.AT THE beginning of this experiments,he noted that no salwa flowed when he rang a bell.HE THEN trained the dog by sounding the bell and shortly afterwards,presenting food.AFTER THE SOUND OF THE bell had been pired with food a few times, he tested the effects of trainning by measuring the amount of SALWA,that flowed when he rang the bell and did not present food.HE FOUND THAT some salwa was produced in response to the bell alone.HE THEN RESUMED the trainning pired presentation of the bell and food a few more times and then tested again with the bell alone.AS TRAINING continued the amount of salwa on test with the bell alone increased.THUS AFTER trainning the dog`s mouth watered salivated whenever the bell was sounded.
THIS IS what was learned;IT IS CONDITIONAL RESPONSE.


Here is another example,STUDENT VOLENTEER were the subjects in this experiment,each student sat in the booth in which brief jet of air could be puffed at his right eye.THE RESPONSE to this puff was a sharp blink of the eyes.ONE-HALF second from each puff,a dim spot of light came on .TESTS SHOWS THAT the beginning of the experiments,the students did not blink in response to the light.THE LIGHT and puff were pired,light followed by puff- a number of times.SOON THE studentsbegan to blink when the light came on befor the puff.THE NUMBERS OF the blink increased when more and more pireing were given.SO THE STUDENDS had learned to blink when the light came on.

WHAT DO the examples of this classical conditioning have in common?IN OTHER WORDS WHAT ARE THE general cahractices of the situatiion in which conditional response are acquired.IN CLASSICAL conditioning two stimuls are presented to the learner.ONE OF THE STIMUL is called the cinditional stimules[CS]. IT IS also known as a netural stimuls because except for an alerting or attentional response the first few times it is presented, it does not evoke the specific response.ALMOST ANY stimulS that is detectable can serve as a CS.the BELL AND the LIGHT were teh CS in these examples.THE OTHER STIMUL is known as the UNCONDITIONAL STIMULS,[US].THIS STIMUL consistantly evokes the response or is realiable followed by one.THE RESPONSE that relaibly followed the unconditional stimuls is known as the unconditional response,[UR].WHAT WERE THE us and ur in the examples?THE TWO stimuls [US] AND [UR] are pired in classical conditioning so that the condition stimuls comes a short time before the unconditional stimul is present.

TO BE CONTINUED

LINK
INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGHY

REGARDS