Caliph Umar(ra) Innovations:

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: Establishment of Bayt al-mal or public treasury.

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: Establishment of courts of justice and appointment of judges.

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: The determination of the Hijra calendar which continues to this day.

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: Assumption of the title of Amir al-Muaminin.

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: Organization of the War Department.

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: Putting army reserves on the payroll.

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: Establishment of the Land Revenue Department.

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: Survey and assessment of lands.

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: The census.

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: Building of Canals.

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: Founding of the cities of Kufa, Basra, al-Jazira, Fustat, and Musal.

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: Division of conquered countries into provinces.

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: Imposition of customs duties.

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: Taxation of the produce of the sea and appointment of officials for its collection.

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: Permission to traders of foreign lands to trade in the country.

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: Organization of jails.

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: Use of the whip.

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: Making rounds at night to inquire into the condition of the people.

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: Distinction of pedigree and non-pedigree horses.

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: Employment of secret reports and emissaries.

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: Rest-houses on the way from Mecca to Madina for the comfort of travellers.

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: Provision for the care and bringing up of foundlings.

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: Organization of guest-houses in different cities.

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: The ruling that Arabs, whether Muslims or non-Muslims, could not be made slaves.

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: Stipends for the poor among the Jews and the Christians.

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: Establishment of schools.

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: Stipends for school teachers and public lecturers.

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: Persuading Abu Bakr to collect the Quran and execution of the work under his own care.

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: Formulation of the principle of qiyas or judicial analogy.

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: More exact division of inheritance.

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: Insertion of the formula "Prayer is better that sleep" in the call to the dawn prayer. However, as stated before, the more correct report is that it is Bilal who first inserted the formula in the call to the dawn prayer and the Prophet retained it.

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: Ordaining the holding of tarawih prayers in congregation.

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: Three divorces pronounced at one session declared binding

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: Provision of the punishment for drunkenness with eighty stripes

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: Levy of zakat on horses of merchandise

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: Levy of zakat on the Christians of Bani Taghlab in lieu of jizya.

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: Method of making trusts

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: Consensus of opinion on four takbirs in funeral prayers

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: Organization of sermons in mosques

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: Giving salaries to imams and mujadhdhins.

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: Provision of light in mosques at night

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: Provision of punishment for writing satires and lampoons.

Caliph Umar's (r.a.) innovations included: Probibition of the mention of women's names in lyric poems although the custom was very ancient in Arabia.

__________________
Forget safety.Live where you fear to live.Destroy your reputation.Be notorious