Arabic in the Subcontinent
(some material is also available in the book. Not much material is availble on Arabic in Pakistan. I am posting here some extract from a website)

In the Indian subcontinent, the introduction of Arabic was largely due to the adoption of the Islamic faith. It was the language of government during the reign of the sultan Jalal al-Din (963-1014 AH). There is evidence, however, that Arabic reached India prior to the tenth Islamic century through Farsi, which was the language of the court in India prior to the advent of Islam. Urdu, a written variety of Hindustani with a substantial quantity of Arabic words, is the language used by Muslims; it employs the Arabic alphabet. A great majority of the Urdu scholars of the twelfth Islamic century used the medium of Arabic for their writings. Prominent among them were Wali Allah al-Dihlawi, Shibli al-Na'mani, and Karamat Husayn. Arabic gained more and more ground with the increasing Muslim influence in India. Urdu, which has a vocabulary of which at least thirty per cent is of Arabic origin, continues to the present to be the foremost among the dialects spoken among the Muslims of India and Pakistan. The impact of Arabic extended to other Indic languages such as Hindi and Sindhi, the latter using the Arabic alphabet.

Al naqad al adbi means ‘Criticism in Literature’. There were some classical and modern critics you might have studied during your preparation like taha hussain etc.

The word ‘adab’ may have many meanings. Some literal meanings other denotative or connotative meanings etc. Inclusive definition of adab is a generic definition which may contain everything and is comprehensive. Whereas exclusive definition may be a specific definition relating only to literature in question like prose and poetry. (You may google it on net because it may not only relate to Arabic Literature rather other languages/literatures)

Meaning of Al Jahlia is ‘Period of literature before Islam’ i.e. dor e jahlia. Seven suspended long poems means ‘saba mualaqaat’. These were those poems written by poets like umr ul qais, zuhair, nabigha etc. and were suspended with the walls of kaaba as challange for others or for the purpose of reputation or admiration. You may find detail on this in notes or book.

Topic of Modern Arabic Literature has been covered in notes.

Importance of Arabic Markets is covered in Ahmad Hassan Ziat book’s beginning chapters. (If you can’t find, let me know I shall tell you the relevant page numbers)

Arabic Literature in spain has also been covered in the book as well as notes.

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