1. French Revolution: Background, Old Regime, Philosophers, Estate General, National Assembly, England’s reaction, parties in the Legislative Assembly, the fall of Monarchy, European coalition against France and the war, the second and the third partition of Poland, the Terror and the end of Terror, France and Europe 1793 – 95

2. Napoleon Bonaparte: The rise of Napoleon to power, Napoleon as emperor, statesman and warrior, Napoleon and Europe, the continental system, the fall of Napoleon, England’s role in the catastrophe of Napoleon

3. Vienna Settlement and concept of Europe: Treaty of Chaumont, First treaty of Paris, Second treaty of Paris, Treaty of Vienna, Holy Alliance, Quadruple Alliance, Congress system and failure of congress system, British leadership.

4. England 1814 – 1833: Effects of War Period, Constitutional Development, Progress in Industry, Agriculture & Culture

5. Europe 1815 to 1848: The forces of continuity and reaction, Metternich system, the force of change and progress, Nationalism, Democracy, Liberalism, Socialism, Revolution in France 1830, Revolution in France in 1848 and the sequence of revolutions in Europe

6. The Eastern Question 1820 to 1878: Background, the Greek Revolt 1820 to independence 1832, the Crimean War 1853 to 1856 and Peace Treaty of Paris, Pan Slavisin, the Russo-Turkish War 1877, the treaty of San Stefano, the Congress and the Treaty of Berlin 1878

7. Risorgimento and the Union of Italy: Revolutionary movements in Italy, Mazzini, Cavour and other architects of Italian unification, Napoleon III and Italian unity, foreign policy of Italy after unification to 1914

8. Unification of Germany: Background, Napoleon and Germany, Rise of Prussia, Zollverein, Revolution of 1848 and Germany, Rise of Bismarck and his role as architect of German unity, wars with Denmark, Austria and France, Domestic and foreign policy of Bismarck from 1870 to 1890, foreign policy of Germany from 1890 to 1914

9. The growth of colonization and of Overseas Empire 1815 – 92: Different forms of colonization, British colonial policy and expansion, French colonial policy and expansion, the French in North Africa, Suez Canal, Anglo French control in Egypt, Russia in the Caucasus and Turkistan, Anglo Russian results of colonial development

10. England 1893 to 1910: Social and constitutional reforms, material progress, social thought and culture

11. Road to the First World War: Alliances and counter alliances, Drickaiserbund, Austro German alliance 1879, Triple Alliance 1882, the formation of Dual Alliance 1891-93, Anglo-Japanese alliance, French British and Russo British Entente, their crisis – Algeciras, Bosnia, Agadir, German Navy, Baghdad Railway, Balkan Crisis, the cause of First World War (1914 – 1960)


1. First World War: Events – USA’s entry into the War, Wilson’s 14 points, the choice of the Turks, War in the Middle East, Britain’s Middle East policy during the War, Balfour Declaration, defeat of Germany, Austria and Turkey, effects of the war

2. Peace treaties: The Treaty of Versailles, the Big Four, the basis of the Treaty, the Treaty of Versailles and the US. The Treaties of St. Germaine and Trianon, the Treaty of Serres, the Treaty of Lausanne

3. The League of Nations: The Covenant, the League between the two Wars, causes of failure

4. Marxism and the Soviet Union: The Russian Revolution 1917, Lenin, the Third International 1919, civil war in Russia, Trotsky. The constitution of USSR. Stalin, First Five Year Plan, purges, the Russian foreign policy between the two Wars

5. Italy and Fascism: Effects of the War on Italy, Mussolini’s rise to power, Fascist party and principles, Italy’s foreign policy between the two Wars

6. Germany and Nazism: Germany from the Versailles Treaty to Hitler, origins of Nazism, Mein Kamph, Hitler’s rise to power, domestic policy of Hitler, the totalitarian state, Hitler’s foreign policy

7. France between the two Wars: Defects of the French Constitution, collapse of the Third Republic, foreign policy of France between the Wars

8. England between the two Wars: Disadvantages of Parliamentary government, Cabinet Government in England, Depression of 1929 and England, stability of the British Commonwealth, foreign policy of England between the Wars

9. The Second World War: Causes, the events, Atlantic Charter, Tehran, Yalta and Postdam conferences, the allied victory, effects of the War

10. The UNO: Origin, the charter of the UNO, UNO as peace keeping force

11. The political state of Europe 1945-50: The new balance of power in Europe, Russian domination of Eastern Europe, decisions on Germany’s future, economic collapse of western Europe and recovery, Marshal Plan, Cold War, the blockade of Berlin, NATO

12. The rise of Russia as a great power: The effects of the War on Russia, the fruit of victory, Warsaw Pact, Russia’s efforts to spread its influence in Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America 1945 – 1960

13. France after the Second World War: Fourth French Republic, French colonial policy after Second World War, Algeria, Indochina, De Gaulle’s domestic and foreign policy

14. England after the Second World War: The rise of the Labour Party, economic policy of the Labour Party’s government, England’s colonial policy after the Second World War, decline of England as world power, British Commonwealth, England and the common market, England and the Middle East 1945-1960

15. Europe and Common Market: The origin and evolution of the European common market upto 1960

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The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.