Q. No.3
Introduction:
We can divide the subject and topic of Quran with two references that is:
1. With reference to revelation
2. With reference to subject
With Reference to Revelation:
In this category, we can divide Quran as follows:
1. Makki Surahs
2. Madni Surahs
1. Makki Surah:
In Makki surah, mostly, Basic believes of the Islamhave been discussed e.g. Tauheed, Risalat, Akhirat, Hell , Paradise. Makki Surah aim at inculcating the sense of accountability among the Muslims. Moreover some incidents from the past have also been explained.
2. Madni Surah:
Madni Surah discussed three different but co-related themes.
(i).Ghazwat/ Jihad:
Rules of war, Prisoners rights and Mal-e-ghanemat have been discussed.
(ii) Ibaadat:
Detailed laws about Namaz, Fast, Hajj, Zakat have been narrated.
(iii) Social Laws:
In this portoin Madni Surahs have discussed almost every sphere of social laws. It has given judicial, economic, administrative, criminal, matrimonial, educational laws.
With Reference to Subject:
In this category we can divide Quranic teachings in following classes:
1. Believes
2. Ahkaams (commandments)
3. Incidents
4. Examples
Believes:
The Holy Quran talks about the basic believe of Islam such as Islamic injunctions about idol worshippers, Christian, Jews.
Ahkaams/Commandments:
The Holy Quran gives Ahkaams about the rights of God as well as rights of people.
For instance, Quran explains the commandments about Namaz, Fasting Hajj and Zakat.
Similarly Quran gives Ahkaams about trade, economy, inheritence, will, morality, banking, education, etc. Quran also declare its Ahkaams in clear words about Nikkah, Talaq and Jihad, etc.
Incidents:
The Quran talks about two types of incidents i.e. of past and of future. For example incidents about the lives of Hazrat Adam (A.S), Hazrat Noah(A.S), Hazrat Younas (A.S), Hazrat Musa(A.S), Hazrat Ismail (A.S), Hazrat Shoaib(A.S),Hakeem Luqman, Malika Saba, Zulqurnain and Qaroon belong to the past. Where as future incidents are relating doom's day, hell, paradise, etc.
Examples:
The Holy Quran gives examples to facilitate the learning process. The Quran compares human beings and human acts with that of nature.