Define growth, development and maturation and explain the role of biological and sociological factors in the process of development.


• Growth means just apparent changes one can see, like increase in height and weight etc...

• Development refers to the changes in functional abilities of different bodily organs. Development includes different phases in itself like

1. Prenatal development...further includes...stages of Embryo, Zygote and Foetus.

2. Postnatal development includes
i. Biological development,
ii. Intellectual development,
iii. Emotional development,
iv. Cognitive development,
v. Motor development and etc...

• Maturation includes development of mental processes that affects body functioning as a whole.

• FACTORS

i. BIOLOGICAL FACTORS include:
o Diet, heredity, illness, etc.

ii. SOCIOLOGICAL FACTORS include:
o Environment, parenting style, peer influence, culture, etc.


What is difference between Developmental irregularities and chromosomal abnormality? Please mention Developmental
irregularities

1. DEVELOPMENTAL IRREGULARITIES:

• As the name suggests, an irregular pattern of development is to be discussed here. They may be caused by

1. Heredity factor
2.Environmental factor

• under the heading of heredity factor, genetic and chromosomal abnormalities will be considered, like

A. Gene mutation
B. Defects caused by dominant inheritance
C. Problems due to recessive pattern of inheritance
D. Sex related chromosomal abnormalities ;Down's syndrome, Klinefelter's syndrome, Turner’s syndrome.

• Let’s have a look at environmental causes for developmental irregularities,

o they may be traced out in the insufficient food supply,
o differences in parenting style,
o peer influence,
o toilet training,
o lack of physical activity,
o absence of suitable environment according to one's aptitude and etc.

DEVELOPMENTAL IRREGULARITIES include all the abnormalities seen in developmental process. Commonly observed ones are

i. Obesity
ii. Delayed speech
iii. Excessive shyness
iv. Frequently shuffling temperaments
v. Aggression
vi. Poor cognition
vii. Infertility.
viii. Under development of some organs like brain.
ix. Lack of sociability


What are characteristics of Growth, development and Maturation?

CHARACTERISTICS OF GROWTH:

• Development includes both the growth and maturity.
• With respect to growth, you can write different stages of human development like. Dividing into:
i. Infancy birth to 4 years of life

ii. childhood 4 to 10 years

iii. preadolescence 10 to 14 years

iv. adolescence 14 to 19 years

• now add some changes, by keeping in mind physical aspects of growth.
• Like infants' dependence to mother for all the needs, affiliation and all
• similarly certain changes are experienced in childhood stage and so on.
• do write them too.

CHARACTERISTICS OF DEVELOPMENT:

• try to cover the psychological aspects of development i this section as, the physical one is discussed above.

• Few important ones are

i. Individuality 19 to 23 years

ii. alliance 23 to 30 years

iii. practice 30 to 35 years

iv. evaluation 35 to 40 years

• so add some relevant details here too.
• You can add some more like self-confidence, emotional stability and etc.

CHARACTERISTICS OF MATURITY;

i. Self-awareness 40 to 43 years

ii. readjustment 43 to 45 years

iii. mastery 50 to 55 years

iv. re-evaluation 55 to 60 years

• add the details here too.
• tried to present the answer in an easier way.


Differences between growth and development?

• Growth and development is one of the important studies for the teachers and parents.

• Growth is different from development.

• But both are correlated and one is dependent on other.

• We can say that growth is a part of development, which is limited in physical changes.

• Growth is physical changes whereas development is overall development of the organism.

• The main differences between both are-
(1) Growth is change of physical aspects of the organism. Development is overall changes and progressive changes of the organism.

(2) Growth is cellular but development is organizational.


(3) Growth is the change in shape, form, structure, size of the body. Development is structural change and functional progress of the body.

(4) Growth stops at maturation but development continues till death of the organism.

(5) Development also includes growth. Growth is a part of development.

(6) Growth and development go side by side.

(7) Growth and development is the joint product of heredity and environment.

(8) Growth is quantitative and development is qualitative in nature.

(9) Growth can be measured accurately but development is subjective interpretation of one’s change.

• Both growth and development are interrelated aspects of psychology.

• There are some basic differences as per their structure but it is difficult to separate them.

• They have some basic similarities also.

• In study of educational psychology study of their differences and similarities have equal importance for a teacher.

What is the difference between Growth and Development?

• Growth and development are similar words but different from each other though it is not possible to separate them totally.

• It is a whole process which includes growth of the body as well as growth of various aspects of child's personality, e.g., the physical, emotional, social and cognitive development.

• Development is a progressive change the child undergoes which increases the physical, social, mental and emotional capacities of the child.

• In the early stages of life these changes are constructive and after middle age there are destructive changes in the body which lead to old age.

Growth
1. Growth is quantitative.
2. Growth comprises of height, weight, size and shape of body organs like brain, etc.
3. It is due to cell division.
4. Growth is for limited period.
5. Growth can be measured.
6. Growth tells about one aspect of personality but in limited scope.

Development
1. Development is quantitative as well as qualitative.
2. In this with the physical changes cognitive social and emotional change are also included.
3. It happen due to motor and adjust mental processes and their interplay.
4. Development takes place till death.
5. It can be observed by matured behaviour.
6. Development deals with all the aspect of personality and has a vast scope.