ENERGY CRISIS IN PAKISTAN
Outlines
1) Introduction
2) Present scenario of energy crisis in Pakistan
3) Factors contributing to energy crisis
a) Lack of proper planning
b) Monopolization
c) Circular debt
d) Line losses in transmission and distribution system
e) Maladministration of previous regime
f) Institutional decay
g) Wastage of energy by industries
h) Corruption
i) High cost of fuel
j) Wastage of energy
k) Exploring coal
l) Economic and political stability
m) Failure in using nuclear power
n) Lack of dams
o) Aging of equipment
p) Mismanagement of energy resources
4) Effects of energy crisis
a) Business sector
b) Affecting the IT industry
c) Effects on the textile industry
d) Domestic life
e) Effects on education
f) Hospitals and institutions
g) Financial burden on public
h) Effects on overall economy
5) Way forward
a) Solution of circular debt
b) Public awareness
c) Construction of new dams
d) Regional cooperation
e) Renewable sources of energy
f) Installation of nuclear plant
g) Usage of thar coal
6) Conclusion


Introduction:
An energy crisis is any great shortfall in the supply of energy to economy. Importance of energy in a country’s development can be inferred from the fact that economic development of a country is measured in terms of its energy consumption. So energy fuels the economy and its shortage curbs growth. In Pakistan per capita energy consumption is 0.49 TOE(Tones of oil equivalent),Which is significantly lower than the world average of 1.78. This reflects country’s level of development. Pakistan’s energy sector is in crisis. Its problems seem insurmountable. Power outages of upto 18 hours a day disrupt the lives of the people and threaten the economy in an unprecedented way.