Introduction
The United States and its allies accuse Iran of seeking to build a nuclear weapon. Iran denies the charge saying its program is only for peaceful purposes, including power generation and developing medical treatments. At the third round of GENEVA talks (November 20-24) , an interim six months deal was finally reached limiting Iranian Uranium enrichment to 5% in return of partial relief from economic sanctions. Enriched uranium can be used to build a weapon if it is enriched more than 90 percent. At lower levels, it is used to power nuclear reactors.
US Secretary of State John Kerry claimed :
“ The deal actually roll back the Iranian nuclear program from where it is today”
Whereas the Iranian Foreign Minister Javad Zarif insisted :
“Iran has not given up her right to enrichment”
Agreement Provisions
The agreement makes the following stipulations on the Iranian nuclear program
• All uranium enriched beyond 5% will either be diluted or converted to uranium oxide. No new uranium at the 3.5% enrichment level will be added to Iran's current stock.
• No new centrifuges will be installed or prepared for installation.
• 50% of the centrifuges at the Natanz enrichment facility and 75% at the Fordow enrichment facility will be left inoperable. Iran will not use its advanced IR-2 centrifuges for enrichment.
• Iran will not develop any new uranium enrichment or nuclear reprocessing facilities.
• No fuel will be produced, tested, or transferred to the Arak nuclear power plant. In addition, Iran will share design details of the reactor.
• The IAEA will be granted daily access to Natanz and Fordow, with certain sites monitored by 24-hour cameras. The IAEA will also have access to Iran's uranium mines and centrifuge production facilities.
• Iran will address IAEA questions related to possible military dimensions of the nuclear program and provide data expected as part of an Additional Protocol.
In exchange, Iran will receive relief from sanctions of approximately US$7 billion (£4.3 billion) and no additional sanctions will be imposed.
USA’s need to signed agreement with Iran:
• Elimination of Nuclear Weapons
As history is evident that Iranian government has never accepted Israel by heart and her nuclear program is suspected to be Israel oriented. Israel is allay of America so in order to maintain the status quo of her allay America has two options either launch a war against Iran or negotiate with her. After terrible experience in Afghanistan and recession back home war was not a feasible option for America so she decided to solve the matter peacefully on negotiations table.
• Iran as mediator in solving Syrian Issue
Bashar ul Assad’s government has friendly relations with Iran and Iran is alleged by Syrian opposition for supporting Bashar ul Assads’ government that is very reason , America considers Iran as important player in resolving Syrian issue. Kerry, in a shift in tone, held out the possibility of Iran playing a constructive. Kerry said
"Iran could participate very easily if they would simply accept the Geneva 1 premise on which Geneva 2 is based,”
He added:
"We are happy to have Iran be helpful. Everybody is happy to have Iran be helpful,"
• Tempering Iranian support For Hizbullah
Israel’s another concern is Hizbullah which is backed by Iran and another reason behind America’s agreement finds its roots in attempt to convince Iran for tempering her support for hizbullah’s militancy and assurance that Iran would not support any kind of terrorism activity in region. In return Iran sought for assurance of America’s concrete action against anti Iran government in Iraq.
• Energy desire
Last but not least important reason for agreement is energy needs for which America has been alleged to start war in Afghanistan, meddling with China and securing bases in Central Asian states. Iran has second largest reservoirs of oil and America can incalculably benefit from those reservoirs in case of her energy needs.
Iran’s need to signed agreement with America:
• Freedom from Sanctions:
Iran desperately desires to preserve her regime as western sanctions have limitized export base of Iran even sitting on second largest reservoirs of oil and increased economic pressure on Iran and effected wide swath of public.
• Change in Public Opinion
Recent elections and change of government has clearly signaled Iranian government that public is no more backing the government’s stance over nuclear program. This very notion has forced Iranian government to shake hand with west and find some corner to open up to world in her country’s larger benefit.
• Boost to economy
Agreement between Iran and America after achieving maturity , Iran would be able to boost her economy by trading with world and especially west. As Iran has great potential to provide investment ground for multinational companies , Investors would love to invest in Iran.
Israel’s concern on US-IRAN Agreement
Israeli leadership freaked out after noticing rapprochement between Iran and Us. For the last 20 years , Israel has been warning World of Iran’s fictive “Atomic Bomb”. This bogus Iranian threat has been recognized as phantom. Israel intends maintain hegemony over Middle East and does not want to make real concessions to Palestine. Israel has been caught with fear that Israel would be politically isolated after Iran and America’s deal. "It's a bad deal -- an exceedingly bad deal," Netanyahu told CNN. At the same time, Netanyahu repeated his insistence that Israel "always reserves the right to defend itself against any threat,". Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has warnedthat he thinks the U.S. is falling into an Iranian trap. All these statements are clear sign that how much Israel is obsessed with Iran –US agreement.


Saudi Arab’s concern on US-IRAN Agreement
The Sunni states, particularly Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states, are worried not only by the American pullout from the region but also by the rise of Iranian hegemony. Concerns about Tehran are not confined to its nuclear aspirations. The Gulf states are observing with trepidation the extensive terrorist activity being conducted by the Iranian Revolutionary Guards’ Quds ‏(Jerusalem‏) Force and Tehran’s increasing involvement in blood-drenched conflicts between Sunnis and Shi’ites across the region, epitomized by its activity in the Syrian civil war.
The statement issued by Riyadh welcoming the signing of the Geneva agreement sounded skeptical and constrained. Notable was the comment that the agreement stirs hope, “if there are good intentions.” Senior Saudi officials, briefing journalists and think-tank analysts in the West, made it clear that if their country was not convinced that the agreement would put a stop to Iran’s project, it would consider acquiring nuclear weapons for itself as a counterweight to the Iranians’ might. Saudi Arabia has rejected her Security Council seat with justification of UN’s failure in middle east but this stance would have got appreciation if Saudi Arabia has took this step three years ago when Syria war was ignited but at this time it finds its roots in Saudi Arabia’s reaction over Iran –US agreement.
Pakistan’s benefit in Iran-US deal
Normalisation of Iran`s ties with the West helps Pakistan in many ways.
• IP gas pipe line
The fore most concern should be immediate completion of IP gas pipe line . US has always opposed this very project in the wake of violation to sanctions imposed on Iran. Recent agreement has provided a ray of hope that US sanctions would die soon and Pakistan and Iran would get room for speedy completion of gas pipe line which was hampred due to lack of funds and warnings it could be in violation of U.S. sanctions.
• Revisiting Foreign Policy Of Pakistan
Pakistan is under pressure by her political leadership to take a stern stance over drone strikes and recent incidents one of provincial government is trying to stop NATO supply line. In this scenario America’s settled relations with Iran would reduce Pakistan’s role as service provider and revenue because of this very role will fly to Iran. Another point is worth noting that America is now leaving Afghanistan and there will no benefit in stopping NATO supply line. Iran provides another short route for withdrawal so this not going to benefit Pakistan in any way.