i want guidance from seniors about CA topics expected for 2014

Here are some important topics which seem most probable in current affairs.
1. Pakistan's geo strategic location and its importance.
2. U.S withdrawal from Afghanistan and implications for Pakistan and Pak role in stabilizing region.
3. Pak-Iran gas pipeline and its effect on Pak diplomacy and engagement with U.S.
4. Energy crisis and its impact on economy, peace pipeline as solution to energy problem.
5. Sectarianism is caused and provoked by internal factors not by foreign involvememt.
6. Afghan transit trade and its effects on tri-lateral relations.
7. Giving MFN status to india is not solution to Pak-India conflict rather it rest with Kashmir solution.
8. New great game and importance of Balochistan in this context.
9. Education sector needs not only more budget but overall reformation also.
10. Political instability is the root cause of all problems in Pak.
11. Foreign loans destabilize Pak economy rather supporting it.
12. Dailogue with talibans will be futile with continual drone attacks.

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Visions and ideals are like stars,we never reach them; but like mariners over sea,we can chart our course by them.

AoA

13. Region:

- Political stability in the region (new government in Iran, elections in India Afghanistan and Bengladesh)
- SAARC

14. Arab/middle east issues

- Syrian conflict
- Iranian agreement with the West for halting nuclear program
- New dialogue between Israel and Palestine

15. Pak-China relations

- Gwadar port
- Transfer of civil nuclear technology to help Pakistan resolve energy crisis
- Construction of train route to increase trade

16. Pakistan's diplomacy
- dimplomatic relationship
- closure of embassies/foreign missions like Chile and Ireland and its impact...

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'Thee woh ik shakhs kay tasawar saay - abb woh ranayee khayal kahaan'

U.S withdrawal from Afghanistan and implications for Pakistan and Pak role in stabilizing region.


background
us has planned to withdraw her troops from Afghanistan in 2014 , US has launched operation enduring freedom since 2001 , this 12 year long war has destabilized the whole region rather than bringing stability and prosperity . in between us had conducted some major operations to disrupt al qaeda and taliban , but failed miserly to achieve targets . In 2012 , us announced withdraw from war torn country , with unbeaten legacy of remanent of empire . it will impact the whole region or not , so it is the best of the neighbours to play conducive role .

Different issues of security and economic may bring afghanistan into destabilize the world map.

US and NATO divergence in Afghanistan
US wants some presence in the region , while NATO desire complete withdraw . Specially uk and farnce , germany wish the political resolution of dispute . Us has signed security pact with karzai , but he refused to yield and threw the ball in loi jirga . the former gave consent but he denied by saying . elections are due in april 2014 ,therefore new president with fresh mandate will or will not sign agreement .

US intention
us urges to have some presence in the region , she thinks its in the best interest of america to destabilize the region . US objectives may be

to contain china in its influence towards central asia
To give india a role as the regional power
to some extent destabilize pakistan
so , america want some presence after withdraw . she intends to reside 1000 soliders in the afghanistan .

NATO
nato want complete withdraw from war torn country . German chancellor angelia marker and david cameroon full exit .

german chancellor angelia marker and david camroon wish full exit from afghanistan . it is the very will of germany to endorse political end game of afghanistan . Nato hold bonn conference in 2002 , the chicago summit 2013 pointed resolution of long war .

AFGHANISTAN INTERNAL CONFLICT
with in the rank of afghan society . it is evident ethnic division , pashtoon , the largest majority of the country followed by tajiks , hazars (rasheed dostam). Taliban , hakemat yar , haqqani betoken pasthun ethnicity . while six parties alliance , afghan peace council show northern alliance . the question needs to answer whether history repeats itself . ? will both group assail each other ?
because it is the question of afghan stability . no peace process will be effective with out the support of all groups . all efforts of united and peaceful country will shatter into dream ,mere act of violence and internal strife .

Role of regional countries

all countries should collaborate regarding the peaceful solution . iran can use her influence to convenience northern alliance . tri lateral meeting of pakistan , iran and afghanistan conducted by turkey . the essence of this meeting was to sit all regional players for the reconstruction and rehabilitation . since then , continuous state level meeting prove fruitful for the solution of problem.

poppy crops or heroin
drug money is the source of afghan resistance , annually , 10 billion dollar is collected from poppy and smuggling ,russia , eastern europe are the major receiver of heroin and coccain . Taliban regime has ended the poppy and heroin but its gain source of income . how it will cause the harm of stability ,

safe sanctuaries of bla , ttp
india wants strategic encirclement of pakistan from the western front , the new us defense minister chek hegul , avow involvement of india in rebellion against pakistani state . ttp top brass is in afghanistan ,. in balochistan , bramdagh bughti is involved in subversion activities . these are source of strife between two arch rival , pakistan and india .

training of afghan national forces

afghan national army is un trained , mostly soldiers run from the forces and join insurgent groups , number of incidents happened in past . large of weapons and important plans were taken away . afghan forces are un able to face taliban lethal cocktails .

recommendation
home based solution involving all stake holders

pakistan and saudi arabia act as facilitator

home based solution inclusive all parties

conclusion
every cloud has silver lining . chances re high regarding the resolution of issue . every country will play its par
pakistan and india can exert pressures in afghan insurgent groups
eu and us support financially

. Pak-Iran gas pipeline and its effect on Pak diplomacy and engagement with U.S.
history
pak iran pipe line is also known as peace pipeline . this project was aimed to form regional energy corridor for pakistan and india . this line will supply energy to pakistan . its aim is to boost regional cooperation among states . this project has to be completed in mid 2015 but due to delay of payment and sanctions , this project seems to be delayed
present status of deal
both countries seem reluctant to accomplish the project , pakistan has reservation over the cost of per unit . economic sanction over iran . latter pledge to pay cost of the project from pakistan side but later refused . the total cost of the project is 7.5 billion dollar . iran also turn against her promise to construct pipe line at her own economical cost . but . later urged to construct its own part .

us and eu sanction on iran
un sanction barred any kind of transaction with iran . any country cannot trade in oil , petroleumm products and energy . the major recipient of the energy from iran is turkey . turkmanistan

turkey pays in barterer , in gold reserves , still turkmanistan has to pay one billion dollar to iran in the arrears of gas .

iran electricity imports to zahedain
iran is supplying electricity to pakistan at 8.11 cent in bordering areas . this 1000 mega watt energy consumed in domestic and industrial sector , iran has to give 7-8 $ million as a payment .

six world power and iran agreement

both parties have reached in agreement to loose the conditions of sanction . but before six month , it is impossible , IAEA team will visit and give certificate to international community .

effects of relation with the world
at present pakistan economy depends upon imf and america . mean while , british friends of pakistan gave financial assistance , so pakistan will never and ever deform her relation with world . definitely , pakistan diplomacy is weak and cannot pursue the international world . currently pakistn is energy starving country with deficit of 3000 mega watt.

pak us relation
pakistan major exports to us approximately 34 % , us is providing annual aid 1.5 billion dollar in favor of kerry lugger bill . and 500 million in coalition support fund (CSF)

will pakistan breaks her relation ,, no

as far as the eu is concerned , this block is already engaged in trade with . their commercial flights and imports of oil is exchanging with iran , eu will never end its relation with iran

comprehensive iran sanction , accountability and diversment act (CISADA) , this act bar any kind of industrial , economic trade with iran. pakistan is fighting war against the al qaeda . so pakistan has to consider repercussion .

alternative
us is aware of energy shortage and has helpin constructing bunji dam .
another project of iran tajikistan afghanistan pipeline

kind;y add relevant material in the answer thanks .

4. Energy crisis and its impact on economy, peace pipeline as solution to energy problem.
introduction to energy crisis

energy is the back bone of the country , its critical in running the industrial , manufacturing sector . communication (transport sector) , domestic appliances and service sector . life is life less with out energy . currently pakistan is a energy starving . it is due to deficit in demand and supply gap . situation becomes worse in summer due to short fall in hydro power

overview of pakistan energy
it is highly recognizable fact that pakistan is suffering from the energy deficit . but what are the reasons , the out dated equipment , international price of crude oil , line losses , electricity theft , transmission problems , low quality metal wires and the wrong energy mix , administration planning is missing to handle crisis . in nutshell , lack of emergency to resolve the issue is the root cause of this devastating problems.

pakistan energy mix
pakistan is using energy mix of gas , methane , fat , fossil fuel , and gas as a unique stock to meet her demand , currently gas is consumed about 43 % fat is 29 % , lpg 1.5 %

resources for generating electricity
non renewable resources unlimitedand cheap
renewable resource limited and expensive

non renewable resources
oil , fossil fuel price is linked with international market .pakistan imports oil from middle east countries like saudi arabia , uae . when price of oil fluctuate in market , government imports less oil , to maintain foreign exchange reserves . pakistan per annual production is 24 million barrel that is 24 % while imports more than 60 % oil .pakistan have three billion barrel reserves of oil , shale oil

uses
it use in motor bike , to produce about 29 % of power and industrial consumption

gas
it is the best available and deteriorating source of energy . in pakistan reserves are 5138 zillion cubic feet while its consumption is 3910zillion cubic feet . in transport sector , cng is used , it is compressed natural gas . in world price of gas is high while in pakistan it is low .
uses
it is used in transport , industrial manufacturing sector fertilizer industry and domestic application .
lpg is used in the production of energy .

side effects
it produces chloro flouro carbon , that is triggering in global warming and depleting ozone layer .
non renewable energy resources
wind energy
in pakistan , renewable energy resources are less utilizing , pakistan have the capacity to produce 1000 to 40000 mw energy by exploring resources , it is cheap source and cost is low . the area along karachi port , kati bandar , thatta and kashmir specifically mirpur is source to generate it .

solar energy
it is environment friendly and harm less source of energy . the instrument comprises solar panels , with solar cells in horizontal fashion , each solar cell produces 2 kw , it can be amplified with thousand of different panels . so also a cheap source of energy . in pakistan jacobabad , solar equipment is suitable to install . it is competitive with the oil price

water resources
currently pakistan produces 6665 mw with the water or hydro resources ,
terbela dam 3478 mw , mangla 1000 , ghazi brotha 1450 mw , warsak dam 200 mw , chashma 184 mw .

future projects are diamer 4500

kla bagh dam 2400 -3400 mw .

the cost of production is around paisa per unit , it is good for the beneficient of economy , but a lot of planning regarding installing generator for hydro power ,

causes ofcrisis

increas in enegy demand
out dated equipment
change in luxury life style
seasonal water changes
price of oil in international market
transmision losses

conclusion
change energy mix withpresent nee.

afghan transit trade agreement andi ts impact in tri lateral relations

afghan transit trade
basically , this agreement was tarted in 2008 when pakistan and afghanistan did a historical agreement or accord in boosting bi lateral tarde and boost regional economy . this accord says pakistan will provide route to the afghan goods to transport in neighboring countries including india ,

afghanistan
she is a land lock country , basically depends upon akistan and central asia to fulfill her requirement . us and isaf are fighting war against terrorism and extremism .after us withdrawal , afghanisatn will look forward to rehabilitate and reconstruct afghanistan .so it will over look and search more opportunities to boost trades with regional country . this pact is way forward to war torn country
role of paksiatn
pakistan is strartegic couuntry . adjoin with one regional power china and huge market india . its unique location is source of blessing .afghan produces major cement and marble industry . pakistan is agriculture country with associate neighbor

volume of trade
barterer between two countries increasing with he passage of time . in 2007 , bilateral trade was 0,8 billion dollar but in 2012 it was 2.51 billion dollar , but in 2013 instead of rising moved in lower direction ,so total trade ws 2,34 billion dollar .

pakistan exports
leather , wheat , agriculture products and steel items
imports
marble . tiles and raw products for industry
regional trade between pak , india , afghanistan
india is willing to access to wards central asia . its major exports are agriculture , beans , pulses and industrial and informational technology hard wares
afghanistan can export marble , cement , tiles and other desirable products

transit trade between india and afghanistan
through wagha attari border , most trade will take place and pkistan will get custom duty in exchange , india wants to cathr huge market of central asia . per cargo export give 100 $ for central asia . it will help pakistan to improve its economy .
despite , india want to build industry gaint , indian steel association limited is willing to invest 11 bilion dollar in afghanistan to provide steel to the world while utilizing raw material

effects
regional cooperation
econmic strengt to resolve core issue
pak will collect tax
current status
illegal and legially , products export in to afghanistan from indian through pakistan , and it came back to pakistan with huge price so do trade and collaborate for the best

nice topics , thank u .

india is urging mfn status but do not resolve kashmir problem

introduction
two arch rival countries fought four wars in the south asia .but never resolved the bone of contention , kashmiri ssue , always india take pakistan as scape goat in the problem ,

indian prefernce
composite dialouge process began in 2004 , this period has impact litte towards resolution of core issue . back channel diplomacy started since this time . foreign minister very imminent to the solution but last time interruption with in country , put the issue in back basket .mostly , indian interested in cosmetic talks , more important bombay attack have provide opportunity to put garrabage in teh pakistan basket

tarde is the first priority of india ? why she feel of regional power in the region , south asia . india strategy to grabb huge central asian market
afghan transit trade provide opportunities .

terrrism
from higher leadership up to foreign minister level ,, every one accuses pakistan of sponsoring terrorism and terrorism has a state policy
why not looking into the other issues like samjota express , other blast and mudred , butchery of muslims in gujrat and other provinces

water issue
pakistan has resrvation over water dams in ibndua , chenab and jhelun
kishanganga , bagliar dam
sir creek issue , it is claimed by india but how its mapping and geographical boundries attach with pakistan
mfn
india has granted this status in 1990 but pakistan ahs serious concerns over trade barrier imposed n the paksitan products , but good chance are transferring and opening banks in the both countries ,
it will increase competition level but india has a huge market of cement and textile and informatin technology , apksitan need to explore theese areasd as well .
bu still akshmir is core , now long standing peacce with out kashmir