Dear Naveed brother, i appreciate your efforts. really you have done awesome work especially for all new aspirants. May ALLAH give you Success on every pace of your life. Ameen & once again thanks for this useful thread. please carry on to this thread.

Good work 😃

__________________
Knowledge is having the right answer,intelligence is asking the right question.

@naveed Bhutto

Brother any chance you could e mail me notes of current affairs, if yes, i would really appreciate this. My email id is ghazanfar.abbasi@hotmail.co.uk

@naveed Bhutto

Brother any chance you could e mail me notes of current affairs, if yes, i would really appreciate this. My email id is ghazanfar.abbasi@hotmail.co.uk

please upload more question on current affairs of past papers.
sino-pakistan collaboration on gawadar opening will have far reaching economic and geo-strategic consequences ??? 2013

@
Naveed_Bhuutto
Dear Sir, First of all, Thanks a millions for this precious post. Secondly, I know this is not the proper place to ask this, but if you could answer this question that I have... thanks in anticipation
http://www.cssforum.com.pk/css-inter...ommission.html

Pakistan Economy Update

GDP (purchasing power parity):
$574.1 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 27


GDP - real growth rate:
3.6% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 88
4.4% (2012 est.)
3.7% (2011 est.)

GDP - per capita (PPP):
$3,100 (2013 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use:

• household consumption: 81%
• government consumption: 10.8%
• investment in fixed capital: 12.6%
• investment in inventories: 1.6%
• exports of goods and services: 12.7%
• imports of goods and services: -18.8%

GDP - composition, by sector of origin:

• agriculture: 25.3%
• industry: 21.6%
• services: 53.1% (2013 est.)

__________________
True knowledge exists in knowing that you know nothing. "Socrates"

Budget 2015-16 Highlights

Public Sector Development Projects (PSDP) = Rs.1514 billion

• Rs.700 billion (federal development projects)
• Rs.814 billion (provincial development projects)

Developmental budget of Baluchistan is Rs.45 billion.
Developmental budget Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) is Rs.124 billion.
Developmental budget of Sindh is Rs.192 million.

Defence Budget Rs.781 billion


Internal External Debts Rs.1150 billion


Trade deficit = $17.70 billion




Miscellaneous

• Taxes on Rice Mills to be removed.
  
  
• Pension of all Govt employees increased by 7.5%.
  
  
• 7.5% increment in the salaries of federal employees.
  
  
• Tax on salaried class reduced from 5% to 2%.
  
  
• Custom duty reduced from 30% to 20 % on import of Used Housing Machinery.
  
  
• 71.5 billion allocated for higher Education,14 % more than the previous year.
  
  
• 5.5% targeted growth

__________________
True knowledge exists in knowing that you know nothing. "Socrates"

Budget 2016-17

Tax revenue
Talking about the budgeted tax revenue, the finance minister said, “We will reach our target and we want to push the tax-to-GDP ratio to over seven percent.”

The Federal Board of Revenue has been provided a target of Rs 3.6 trillion tax target for the next fiscal year. He said tax collection of Rs 3.1 trillion was recorded during the current fiscal year.

The tax revenue recovery registered 60pc hike in last three years. The budget proposes zero duty on exports of textile, sports goods, surgical equipment and leather goods.


GDP growth rate
Dar, while outlining the economy’s performance in the past two years said, “In the past two years progress went over 4pc and reached 4.7pc – the highest in 8 years.

He announced that the government had targeted growth of 5.7pc for fiscal 2016-17, while sharing government’s ambitious target of 7pc growth rate for the fiscal year 2017-18.


Defence budget up by 10.2pc
Dar announced that Rs 860 billion have been allocated for defence expenses, showing 10.2pc increase in the defence budget comparing last year.

In 2015-16, the defence expenditure was raised up to 11.3pc at Rs 780 billion. The finance minister said the nation has rendered matchless sacrifices in the war on terrorism. He said that the armed forces were engaged in flushing out terrorists through the Operation Zarb-e-Azb.

The exports go down by 11pc in the ongoing year to US $18.2 billion. The country suffered 0.5pc loss in the GDP growth due to loss of the cotton crop.


Agriculture sector
Dar pointed out that the agriculture sector suffered due to floods and depressed prices. The PM Nawaz announced a Rs 341 billion Kisan package in 2015 to help farmers.

Fertiliser price will go down to Rs 1,400 per bag, from Rs 1,850, underlined Dar. While the price of DAP fertiliser will be reduced from Rs 2,800 to Rs 2,500 from July 1.

Agriculture tube wells electricity price cut by Rs 3.5 per unit.


Minimum wage fixed at Rs 14,000
Minimum wage has been increased to Rs 14,000, indicating a Rs 1,000 increase from the previous year.

Last year, the amount was hiked up from Rs 12,000 to Rs 13,000.


Fiscal deficit
Fiscal deficit has been proposed to be restricted at 4.3pc for the next fiscal year of the GDP. He added that this figure will be further reduced to 3.5pc of the GDP

He said the oil import bill goes down by 40pc due to lower oil prices.


Concession of customs duty
Concession of customs duty for dairy, livestock and poultry sectors as well as fish farming announced in the budget speech. The existing seven percent sale tax on pesticides is proposed to be abolished.

Concessions for industrial development include enhancing tax credit on employment generation and tax credit for making sales to registered persons; balancing modernization and replacement of plant and machinery; establishing new industry and expansion of existing plant or new project.

The Finance Minister also announced a series of measures for the provision of telecommunication and internet facilities in the far-flung areas of the country.


Super Tax announced
the finance minister said the super tax will be imposed on an income over Rs 500 million.


Capital Gain Tax relief
Capital Gain Tax relief period has been extended from four to five years.


Public debt management
The Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) increased from the level of Rs 1946 billion in FY2012-13 to Rs 2588 billion in FY2014-15. Dar said FBR is on course to achieve the revenue collection target in excess of Rs 3,000 billion during the FY2015-16.

Budget deficit was contained at 8.2pc in FY2012-13 (down from a projected 8.8pc) within weeks of assuming office. The deficit has been reduced to 5.3pc in FY 2014-15. We are on track so far to reduce it to 4.3pc for the FY 2016 ending in June 2016, said Dar.


Pensions
Rs 245 billion rupees have been earmarked for the pensioners in the fiscal year 2016-17. The minister mentioned that pensioners older than 85 years will see a 25pc increase in compensation.


Annual Development Program
In Budget 2016-17, Rs 800 rupees have been earmarked for the Annual Development Programme.


Electricity
More than 10,000 MW of additional electricity would be added to the national grid by March 2018.

Allocations for Pakistan Baitul Mal have been doubled to four billion rupees.


PM youth loan program
The minister announced that Rs 20 billion have been allocated for the PM Youth and Skill Programs.

Last year, under the PM Youth Loan Program, as many as 15,000 loans approved. Rs 1.75 billion loans were given to 44,000 people in 2014-15 – while recovery rate had been 100pc.


Ad-hoc relief for government employees
The minister announced that 10pc ad hoc relief will be to government employees.


Public Sector Development Programme
Dar announced that the Public Sector Development Programme (PSDP) stands at Rs 800 billion with a foreign assistance of Rs 143 billion.


Allowances
Dar said conveyance allowance of Grade 1 to 15 employees has been enhanced by 50pc.


Duty on cigarettes
The government to increase 23 paisa on low-category cigarettes while 55 paisa on high-category cigarettes.


Taxes on smartphones
Sales tax on medium level smart phones has been proposed to be enhanced from Rs 500 to Rs 1,000. The tax on lower level mobiles phone will remain unchanged.

Tax on foreign dramas, TV channels
Tax proposed on relaying foreign made dramas on television channels. He said the government had received proposal to promote locally-made television soaps.

Before the announcement of the budget, the Pakistan Stock Exchange rallied over 500 points to reach an intra-day high of 37360.88 points. The index registered 441 points increase, reaching 37,281 points an hour before closing.

__________________
True knowledge exists in knowing that you know nothing. "Socrates"

US Withdrawal from Afghanistan and its Impact.

Introduction

Civil War in FATA
New War Front in Blochistan
Threat to strategic depth
Reduction in US aid
Threat of non access to Central Asian States
Renewing Border Clash with Afghanistan
Pakistan-Afghanistan Relations

Recommendations
i. To the United States:

• An abrupt US departure from the region is not desired by anyone as this will exponentially increase the complexities of the Afghan crisis. However, a clear-cut road map with regards a peaceful resolution of Afghan crisis is strongly needed.
• The United States has also realized that it cannot settle the Afghan crisis on its own. Pakistan is in fact indispensable to a peaceful settlement of Afghan imbroglio. Therefore it shall be given its due role.
• Washington must think on the lines of formally giving share to Taliban in government or shall give government to them in provinces which are under their control.
• There has been no progress on the Reconciliation Commission and Delisting Commission therefore Washington must sincerely pursue the affairs of these two commissions in order to win Taliban’s trust.
• The US should work on winning hearts and minds in the region by economic incentives. In this regard a look like of Marshal Plan arrangement can be made in Pak-Afghan region.
• United States shall be mindful of Pakistan’s sensitivities vis-à-vis New Delhi.

ii. To the Government of Afghanistan:

• Afghans have never settled their issues themselves. Therefore, the more the international community involves itself in ironing out Afghan quagmire, the more the acceptability will be.
• The Afghan government shall marginalize and take action against those who work against the interest of Pakistan and in that regard shall discourage use of her land against Pakistan’s interests.
• The Afghan government/High Peace Council shall take the lead in holding the International Ulema Conference in the nearest future which can help them reach out to Tehrik Taliban Afghanistan.
• The peace process shall be owned by the Afghan government and shall remain flexible.
• The Afghan Government shall try to convince Pakistan and the United States to release all those Taliban commanders who could help them in initiating dialogue process for peace-building.

iii. To the Government of Pakistan:

• Pakistan shall evolve a proactive Afghan foreign policy rather than reactionary one.
• Pakistan should continue convincing the US and Afghan regime into limiting India’s role in Afghanistan and increasing its volume of investment and reconstruction/development works. This effort will also help Pakistan compete with other contenders and make a strong place for itself.
• Islamabad shall peruse two Ds policy in FATA: Development and dialogue. However, the government must involve the elders and Maliks in the development and dialogue process.
• Necessary administrative reforms shall be introduced in FATA which can make the system more transparent and responsive.
• Recently, Pakistan’s foreign office is more assertive with regard Afghan foreign policy. Nonetheless, it needs to engage the military establishment in charting out future policies because eventually it is the military which practically implements policies.
• Pakistan must understand that Afghanistan is her growth engine. The savor of Pakistani goods has already been developed in Afghan population and the former shall take advantage of this association.
• It is pertinent to mention here that Pak-Afghan region is a trade specific region rather than a production hub. Therefore, Pakistan must liberalize its policy and shall tap the enormous potential of its trade route.
• Pakistan can serve as energy corridor and this will help the region in two ways. Firstly, it will promote interdependence, peace, and tranquility; and secondly it will help Pakistan exploit its industrial potential.

Conclusion:

__________________
True knowledge exists in knowing that you know nothing. "Socrates"