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[samra kanwal]

CORRUPTION AND ITS IMPACT ON THE SOCIETY
The menace of corruption has links to a multitude of vices. Its roots are linked to injustice, mistrust, suspicion, extremism and terrorist activities. It creates a sense of insecurity, exacerbates poverty and adds to the misfortune of the vulnerable segments of the society. It also instills a sense of hopelessness and despondency and threatens the strength of good values which have been established over centuries of civilized struggle.
The word “Corruption” has its origin in a Latin verb “corruptus” meaning “to break”. Literally, it means “a broken object”. In simple words, corruption means “the misuse of entrusted power for private benefit.” Conceptually, corruption is a form of behaviour which departs from ethics, morality, tradition, law and civic virtue.
The term corruption has various definitions. The United Nations Manual on Anti-Corruption, the Transparency International, and the multilateral financial institutions like the World Bank and Asian Development Bank define corruption as, “abuse of public office for private gains” The National Anti Corruption Strategy (NACS) has defined corruption as “a behaviour on the part of office holders in the public or private sector whereby they improperly and unlawfully enrich themselves and/or those close to them, or induce others to do so, by misusing the position in which they are placed.”
Section 9 of the National Accountability Ordinance 1999 has defined corruption and corrupt practices in a comprehensive manner. It has enlisted about twelve different shades of corruption. Illegal gratifications, bribery, extortion, abuse of office, fraud, cheating and criminal breach of trust are some of the corrupt practices mentioned in the NAO 1999 (Annex A). Starting with the Prevention of Corruption Act 1947, there are about sixty pieces of enactments and rules that deal with offences of corruption and corrupt practices in Pakistan (Annex B).
The ultimate victim of corruption and poverty is the human dignity itself. Hence corruption causes breach in the social order and emerges as a potential threat to the prosperity, peace and stability of human civilization across the globe. Corruption in government spending leads to serious reduction in impact of development program and results in perpetual increase in cost of maintenance of public assets.
The primary responsibility of ensuring the culture of sound management or what we generally call good governance lies directly on shoulders of the civil administration. In a democratic dispensation, the process of accountability starts at the first stage of the “conversion process” – the elections, which is the connecting link between the rulers and the ruled. It is at this stage that the foundation of sound and transparent political culture could be laid. The electorate ought to carefully demonstrate their first choice (right to vote) of the process and to exercise their right only under the dictates of their conscience. In return, the rulers who are the custodians of the political environs ought to honour the trust reposed in them and to judiciously exercise the powers they derive from that trust. In order to ensure consistency and sustainability of an accountable, transparent and open political process, it is imperative to keep the connecting link intact.
On independence, Pakistan inherited weak political institutions. Performance of these institutions in the country over the years further damaged the culture of transparency and accountability. Admittedly, efforts at establishing a strong political dispensation have been facing frustrations head on but these institutions have also failed to capitalize upon the available opportunities. Their internal democratic traditions are still weak and non transparent. Due to lack of respect for participative values, the mainstream political parties are generally dominated by a single person.
The corporate sector is also littered with failures due to corrupt practices. Scandals in the corporate sector are subjects of headlines in the media. Wrong practices seem too common, and unacceptable behaviour has become a normal practice. Corporate governance has been practiced only in form and not substance. Chairmen, chief executive officers and directors are appointed on the basis of political and personal clout. Merit is a less visible commodity. Thus politicization and inefficiency at the top management levels has resulted in steep decline in the quality of output. Illegal convergence of interest has encouraged insider trading which causes frustration and setback to the genuine investor. Real demand and supply factors have negligible role in shaping the market behaviour which is predominantly controlled by the middleman. Prices are determined by unscrupulous profiteers through the middleman mafia. Counterfeit products have flooded the markets. Consumers are left with no option but to live with inferior quality stuff. There is no effective consumer's rights protection regime. The monopoly control mechanism has turned out to be of least effect. The Monopoly Control Authority have to be improved to play an effective role in curbing the menace that has infected the corporate sector.
Need and greed are cited as the reasons of corruption and corrupt practices. Need as a reason is applied to low paid employees specially those entrusted with service delivery powers and public contact. Corruption occurs out of compulsion, as those indulging in corruption are in need of the basic necessities and lack access to social entitlement. However, need very easily merges with greed once need is taken as a justification by those indulging in corruption and corrupt practices. It is because of this fact that corruption is linked to poverty which is termed as corruption of need. Absence of an ethical base in societal attitudes is also cited as one of the root causes of corruption.
Corruption and corrupt practices are indicative of breaches in the governance edifice. They pose serious threats to the sanctity of ethical and democratic values and weaken administrative, political and social institutions. The issues of corruption, poverty and governance are cross cutting. These issues, put together, form an integral part of the development literature. Recently, the terms governance and good governance are being profusely used in such literature. Good governance remains at the forefront of every aspect of our life, be that political, social or economic. Governance has to be good in its manifestation, and if it is not so, it is certainly no governance at all. The mere suffix or prefix of the term 'good' does not serve the purpose.
The essential components of good governance are the RULE OF LAW, accountability, transparency and predictability. The RULE OF LAW means equal application of law, equal protection by law and equality before law. In the absence of the RULE OF LAW, institutions get weak and become hatcheries for corrupt practices. The realization of the goals of good governance and prosperity becomes a myth.
major causes of corruption in Pakistan are as follows:
a. Lack of effective Internal accountability mechanism
b. Discretionary powers and their flagrant abuse by the public office holders
c. Absence of and weakness of the watch-dog agencies
d. Elected government's perpetual failure to develop proper ethical and business
1. standards for the public and private sector
e. Political leaders' incompetence and betrayal of public trust with penchant for
2. self-enrichment
f. Lack of transparency in the government's decision-making process
g. Lengthy and cumbersome procedures in the executive system
h. Weaknesses in the judicial system
i. Illiterate, apathetic or ignorant populace with inadequate discernment of
3. political choices
j. Power of influential people
k. Inadequate wage envelope

[Adeel Ahmed]

Where is the Outline?

[samra kanwal]

Originally Posted by Adeel Ahmed

Where is the Outline?

actually i have not written this essay..it has been written by my friend..she wants the seniors to comment on her writing style...

[Adeel Ahmed]

Originally Posted by samra kanwal

actually i have not written this essay..it has been written by my friend..she wants the seniors to comment on her writing style...

This is exact prototype of essay that is given in the books. This is an exact copy. One can not form his views unless s/he sees his/her language.

U can not copy any essay an write it in ANSWER sheet in Exam. U should practice on writing because it is not necessary that in exam the same topic comes. If it does not come. then he/she can can write by his own. If it come by your luck, then your essay will not look like attractive because many a man must hv attempted in the same way........

I will share the proper outline of this topic.......

[flyingislife]

an essay or any form of writing on a subjuect must contain three parts...

even if headings are not given but logically it should contain introduction, main body where you give ur arguments and support them by examples etc ... and then in the end it should conclude... there should be a logcial developement of the essay where each part transcends to other logically... while one reaches conclusion all his questions are addressed and reader is left with no new questions after reading the essay... means eaasay shouldnot develop new questions in the mind of a reader

humble contribution if any one disagrees may educate me
regards

[shakeel ghori]

This is good attempt, but it is my humble request to you that focus much on your own writing style. It is true that most of knowledge for our essay we are to acquire from books or other likewise sources, but it is also equally true that in css we should develop our own written skills. Your essay demands a great deal of appreciation but only if you had written it in your own style, did you?
you can further work on the same essay for improving your writing. read from different sources and then try to rewrite it with your own intellects.

[isamohmand]

No need to comment on essays that are copied from internet. This is an exact copy of the following:http://whyarticles.com/corruption-an.../#.PhaYflqCmn8

[samra kanwal]

Originally Posted by isamohmand

No need to comment on essays that are copied from internet. This is an exact copy of the following:CORRUPTION AND ITS IMPACT ON SOCIETY |

well...i did not knew my friend just gave me a copy paste material to check her writing style...BTW thanx alot to all who gave their valuable comments here..and sorry guys i did not know about the authenticity of that essay

[azeegum]

@ Samra Kanwal:

Well, this essay is plagiarized like a few members have already remarked on the same. I've a few ideas to share with you, hoping to come in handy for your friend...
The best way to compose a good essay is to search for its information from the specified source and incorporate it into your own writing style... If the source is not specified, you can take recourse to different sources like internet using the major search engines, books, articles, opinions, forums, and newspapers etc. Outlining the major relevant facts is a fantastic idea as it helps a great deal collect only what you require without wasting your time... Once you have collected the information, try to improvise it into your own words... To make the writing process please you instead of being boring or tiresome, develop the habit of putting down everything to paper. The great writers believe that everything in life needs to be written as a source of fun... Remember, essay literally means an "attempt", so avoid any kind of plagiarism...

The views of some writers from a community of freelance writers:

1.If research is conducted thoroughly and a good understanding of the subject is achieved, there should be no need for plagiarism.
Kate , USA

2. Basically, it's deplorable. If you can't communicate in your own words, find something else to do. If you want to collect other people's words, be honest and say that's what you're doing.
Steve , USA

3. In my opinion, plagiarism is akin to theft as passing somebody else's work off as your own is, in-effect, stealing another's property. It is therefore essential that all citations are clearly referenced according to an established style guide. Intentional plagiarism should not be tolerated.
Rebecca , UK

4. It is a serious crime which is punishable by law. Plagiarism should be avoided at all costs and thus original work should be presented.
Wasif , USA

5. I believe that one can get plenty of ideas and information from reading multiple sources, and it would be incorrect for one to steal any body else's ideas and supplement them as their own. Plagiarizing work that is not ones own is an indication that one lacks the skill or confidence to put their own ideas forward.
Pearl , Denmark


Hope it helps...

[A4ambitious]

@ dear aspirant
this effort is not an effective,solid or gianful effort becoz in exams most of the questions are based on conseptual skill and to check the litereary and catching grip of the student ..
the examiner never ask us a dirct question, he always offer us a tough time to check our mental as well as literary skills.
the books are helpful only for gaining tha data and the real work which we hav to done is to manag the data and write on the topic in accordance of examiner's Q....


so you should try to go through the books ,news papers,editorials,journals.etc and then prepare ur own notes then write on that topic...

best method to write on a topic is that do
1. Brainstorming
2. manage the data in accordance of brainstorming
3. make outlines
4. use quotations
and write on given topic...