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[anabiya mughal]

Pakistan rich in natural resouces but poor in their management

outline:
Natural resources
natural resources of pakistan
coal
crude oil
natural gas
wind and solar energy
agriculture
causes of mismanagement
conclusion

A natural resource is anything that people can use which comes from nature. People do not make natural resources, but gather them from the earth. Examples of natural resources are air, water, wood, oil, wind energy, hydro-electric energy, iron, and coal. there are two sorts of natural resources Renewable and non-Renewable resources.
Pakistan is situated in a region where bulk of natural resources is found in its surroundings. Pakistan is one of those countries which are endowed by the natural resources.t has enormous energy surplus resource potential of both renewable and nonrenewable, which is greater than that of oil rich countries of Gulf. Among the world's 200 plus countries it has the second largest salt mines, second largest coal reserves, fifth largest copper and gold reserves, seventh largest wheat and rice production capacity. It is the sixth most populous country in the world having large share of young population.
coal also named as Black coal in the world.we have large amount of coal reserves in Pakistan.Main discovries are Lakhra,thatta,jherruck and thar.Thar reserves are estimated 850 trillion cubic feet.80% of coal is produced by govt and 20% by private sector.Pakistan has world"s largest coal deposits of 185 billion tons.coal reserves of Punjab are 235 million tonnes found mainly in salt range .Sindh is the most richest province in coal with 185,457 million tonnes, Balochistan 458.7 million tonnes,punjab 235 million tonnes,KPK 122.99 million tonnes,azad kashmir 8.72 million tonnes.
These are estimated to be equivalent to 618 billion barrels of crude oil.This is more than twice if we compare it with oil reserves of saudi arabia.
Natural gas production is at a high level in Pakistan.Sui gas field is biggest natural gas field of Pakistan.Estimated reserves are 885.3 billion cubic meters.Its daily production is 19 million cubic. Gas fields are expected to last for another 20 years.Under the barren mountains of Balochistan and the sands of Sindh, there are untouched oil and gas reserves.
Besides, the geography of Pakistan enriches it with the renewable energy resources. Wind and Solar energy are other unused lifelines of Pakistan. 1046 km long coastal line gives potential of 40000 MW of electricity. The vast lands of Balochistan can be utilized for solar electricity generation. But unfortunately these resources have barely been used due to technological backwardness and lack of innovative policies.
The hydropower potential of the country is also enough to satisfy the needs of energy. Only 33 percent of around 20,000 MW generation capacity is produced from this resource which has the potential of producing 40,000mw. Pakistan is rich in agriculture resources.n Pakistan, the most agricultural province is Punjab where wheat and cotton are the most grown. Mango orchards are mostly found in Sindh and Punjab provinces that make Pakistan the world's 4th largest producer of mangoes.The lack of vision and policy planning in utilisation of water resource is also severely affecting agriculture. Despite having one of the largest irrigation systems of the world, Pakistan is facing water scarcity for crops.Out of 77 million acres cultivable area, only 55.5 million acres have been ploughed. The country is blessed with four seasons and variety of crops but due to lack of research the productivity remains low.
The minerals are also vital natural resources available in great quantity. Pakistan has fifth largest copper and gold reserves in the world.The most important of the natural resources in this globalized world is human resource. Pakistan is the sixth most populous country in the world having large share of 'young population' i.e. 63 percent below age of 25 years, according to United Nations Development Programme. But the failed policies have caused mounting unemployment of 15 percent.The above analysis reveals that Pakistan is not poor, but poorly managed country. The factors which have caused the poor management of natural resources include political instability, political indecision making / divergence, lack of vision and planning, flawed policies, bureaucratic bottlenecks and corruption, lack of human resource development, worsened law and order situation.
The poor management of human and natural resources are main issues which has redirected countrys economic policies towards unbridled trade liberalisation rather than dependence on indigenous resources.The country is abundant with tapped and untapped natural resources of worth trillions of dollars in natural gas,coal,minerals,precious stones,gems,gold,chromites,titanium,copper and gold but they have not been explored adequately due to mismanagement.It is, however, unfortunate that due to lack of visionary and futuristic policies and mismanagement of resources, overall affect of the country economic contribution to global economy is negligiblePresently, we are the 47th largest GDP (0.
1pc) of the world, 63rd largest export nation.China now stands the second largest export nation of the world and all other countries exports have crossed $200 billion mark while the exports of Pakistan accounted for only $20 billion.
Have we ever thought that how other countries developed themselves in last five decades and how we lagged behind in pace of development?
In order to take maximum benefits from natural resources there is the need of technical education of people involved in resource exploitation and management. On the other hand, the politicians, policy makers and all the stake holders must adopt a rational approach not to politicize natural resources.In addition to political issues, which have negatively affected the security situation in the country, we are faced with other challenges like: low level of competitiveness and productivity; low rank in ease of doing business; high cost of business; non-conducive business environment, which negatively affect the flow of FDI and domestic investment in the country; lack of proper industrial infrastructure and acute shortage of energy, which has retarded the pace of economic vehicle.
It needs not to be emphasised that Pakistan is not poor but poor management of its natural resources has made it so. The enormous natural resources of all kinds like energy, minerals, agriculture, and human could have made this country a wealthy economy. Instead, there been bleak picture of economy and undesirable image outside due to the chronic flaws in vision and policies. Thus, the daunting challenge of poor management of natural resources direly needs to be addressed not only to overcome the perils caused due to it but also to achieve economic self sufficiency and prosperity of the nation. By surpassing this challenge, Pakistan is destined to have eminence place in the world as a stable, growing and prosperous nation.

[Metlo]

You have not discussed the main point; mismanagement of natural resources.
This essay should comprise the following main headings in the outline.
1. Preamble.
2. Natural resources of pakistan.
3. Mismanagement of natural resources.
4. Underlying factors behind the mismanagement of natural resources.
5. Suggestions.
6. Conclusion.