There is a crisis of national integration in Pakistan since its birth. It is the victim of poor national integration. Lack of integration in Pakistan is fundamental problem and it has been subjected to comment by intellectuals in the country. This has been hitting the head lines of the newspaper. Due to lack of national integration in the country, Pakistan has been pushed to a vicious circle. It has made Pakistan a sorry state of affairs, and a pivot of terrorist's activities. That has deepened the state of instability and vulnerability to a total break down of state apparatus. This was not the case at first. This nation was the consequence of unity and integrity and its basis Islam. The Quid-i-Azam the father of nation gave the motto to All Indian Muslim League running on in the terms of faith, unity and discipline it has been rather unfortunate that after the death of Quid-i-Azam, the country was left desolate. The national integration was thrown out of the national dictionary. At this rate, income inequalities, social injustice, political clouts and other evils raised their heads. All of that made national integration fragile. Moreover the present condition of the country is not better as well as it should be. It can be considered as a slip floating on the waves and being tossed directionless. There is lack of consensus on vital national issues in Pakistan. Therefore, provinces hatred does not show the sign of diminution. Sindh, Khyber Pukhtoon Khawa and Balochistan accuse Punjab to be the exploiter for certain reasons, people at federating units have misgivings due to certain issues. Sindh, Khyber Pakhtoon Khawa and Balouchistan do not show an iota of agreement to the construction of Kalabagh Dam. The provinces have dissension between them on NFC award. They have different view points to the division of resources from divisible bridge. There are also certain ifs and buts and hurdles which stand firmly in way of national integration in country. This being so certain respective steps must be taken to bring about national integration in Pakistan. Education ought to be provided to whether every rich and poor education will supply both with knowledge that how to play an effective part to make national integration possible in the country. Socio-economic justice must be provided to every elite and non elite alike. This will stand to narrow down the wedge between haves and have notes and foster common bond of national integration in Pakistan.
To begin with, after the demise of Quid-i-Azam, there has hardly come any leader who would bring the ship of the country on sound lines. Every leader would come here to promote his vested interests. He would encourage his political staff to build economic assets through ill-gotten means. That results in the exploitation of national resources for the personal interests at the cost of national interest. Thus, national integration remains weakened.
Similarly income inequalities have been widening the gulf between the rich and poor. There is in Pakistan economic system which generates income inequalities. It makes the rich the richer and the poor the poorer. It strengthens the rich, the elites, who come of the privileged class. While, it rather weakens the poor who just earn their physical existence. Therefore, economic disparity has weakened the organs of national integration in the country.
Moreover, the social injustice, a menace, plaguing the basic existence of the country, leads to the destruction of nation's social fabrics, has given birth to certain ifs and buts that destabilize national integration. The smaller provinces have developed the sense that they are being deprived from national resources. This has been creating age-old animosities amongst the provinces; social injustice is a panacea of disintegration in the nation.
Besides this, military interventions had been posing a great threat to national integration in the country. During the military regime the smaller provinces were deprived from their due rights and privileges and different kinds of ailments rose on the surface. Top of all, the EAST PAKISTAN had seceded from this Pakistan during the military government. Therefore, the concept of military regime became worse in the nation. The military government could not provide common bond of national integration between the farmer and the now Pakistan.
In this wise, lack of judicial freedom had been allowed the military rule wholeheartedly. Various particular decisions had been done out of parliament. Bygone parliament reduced to only rubber stamp. It justified the military regime on the doctrine of necessity. On the sequel, law of jungle was prevailed. All of that has been inherited. Therefore, the word national integration has been thrown out of national dictionary.
Furthermore, political instability has widened the gulf between the ruler and the ruled in Pakistan. It has confused the picture of Pakistan and made it retrogressive in all spheres. Political instability has challenged the national unity in the country.
To conclude, water dispute has all along existed between the provinces. It has given a great bite and played a deuce with national integration. The provinces` pound objection on the construction of KALABAGH DAM has detracted the confidence to unity of the country. Moreover, the allegation of Sindh on Punjab for not abiding 1991 water accord has merely added a hurdle in the way of national integration.
Similarly, dispute of NFC AWARD between inter provinces has given fuel to the fire. The wings have different view points of their own to the resources from divisible pool. They have developed the sense that they are being deprived from due share of NFC AWARD. This has also brought about a great impede in the way of national solidarity and unity.
Last but not the least; socio-economic injustice has created regionalism in the country. The regionalism has separated our organs and distributed the united masses and the classes into meager small holdings. It has developed fractions, groups, and sects working their vested interests. JEAY SINDH and BALOUCH LIBERATION ARMY etc want separation from the federation. Thus, the question of national integration remains unaddressed and is kept at bottom level.
Besides, there is an environment of promotion of self interests, group interests, faction's interests, sect's interests instead of national interests, such as personal development personal accumulation of wealth and recognition. Some talk of sindhis, balochis, pakhtoons and Punjabis instead of Pakistani. Therefore, these groups and factions such JEAY SINDH, BALOUCH LIBETION ARMY and other nationalist parties have widened the gulf between provinces and shackles of disintegration have been strengthened forward in the country.
Lack of national solidarity, unity and cohesion have not only confused the values for which Pakistan was created but also marred the rhythm of national progress, in turn the nation has become hollow from within in terms of national integration.
At the first, good governance should be restored in order to drive away all the clouds of misunderstandings between the provinces and to make them go through the process and the prosperity. National integration has become the challenge for the very existence of Pakistan in the modern times so that it is the good governance that can gather together the masses and the classes on one platform of unity and integrity.
Parliament should be supplied with limitless freedom for its decisions on the confidence of its own. The foundations of a country rest on justice and merit. Justice must be done and seen to be done. Therefore, judiciary should be strengthened to remove clouds of social injustice as a great factor behind the poor national integration.
Education must be circulated from the top most corner to the bottom most corner of the country in order to educate the people about the country and their due rights. Education is the only panacea to change and development. Education should, therefore, have for all as it is the mother of amendment in positive direction.
The media of the country has all along been playing its major role in destabilizing national integration. It should aware the multitudes about national integration.
Finally, unity in peace and war is so imperative. Bereft of national integration in the modern era our existence in the world is far cry and the enemy forces can separate our organs. In unity lies solution to every little and large problem being in the country, therefore, united we stand against all negative powers of the world that be. As Japanese maxim goes,
United we stand and
Divided we fall.

plz make outlines and then post it here.

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In politics... never retreat, never retract... never admit a mistake.

An enlightening read indeed but in my humble opinion you should avoid the sweeping statements as much as possible. For instance, you could have used a euphemistic approach instead of writing - "It has made Pakistan a sorry state of affairs, and a pivot of terrorist's activities." Moreover, I hope you won't use the upper case while writing an essay as you have used here. Writing the first letter in upper case of an organization's name is sufficient for the purpose.

Cheers!

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...and I am the dark of this our new day

thanks for your kind comments on my essay but I am of humble view that essay usually reflects the thoughts of the writer so I am not surprised to know about your not being agree with me on various points.
I will really be looking for your kind comments in future too.

Brother, its not about agreeing or disagreeing; instead, its about avoiding the "black & white" approach (if you know what I am talking about.) The most important thing that I have learned (while preparing for these exams and which I'd like to share of course) is that nothing is wrong! One must not apply the filter of emotions to ideas and present both sides of the coin (as they are.) Even while putting forth one's own opinion, one must not get carried away towards extreme. I hope you got my point.

Cheers!

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...and I am the dark of this our new day

National Integration in the case of Pakistan cannot mean creating ethnic or national homogeneity throughout the country. It can only mean establishing a common citizenry, common political and social structures, a common state, and an additional sense of identity of belonging together. It means building commonality on top of the existing diversity, and not substituting an artificial new identity for the old ones. This process is not impossible. However, it would take some generations. It is a slow but continuous process. According M Nazarul Islam, author of “Pakistan a Study in National Integration”, the crisis of national integration has been particularly severe and the growing divisive forces and secessionist tendencies have threatened the federal structure itself.

Due to constant failure of nation building and national integration it is very difficult to transform the masses into a citizenry. The people have been mere onlookers to politics. Sometimes they identify with specific politics or politicians, but this often was hardly more than an audience applauding a cricket team as it was to identify with someone else, not being actor oneself.

The state was captured by small band of corrupt political elite, which persistently tried to exclude any competitors. Since the ruling elite mostly consisted of feudal lords, industrialists, generals and mullahs, and their ‘people’ in the civilian and military bureaucracy. This created a sense of exclusion for the rest of Pakistanis. In contrast, the tribal leaders and rural landowners smaller belonging to smaller provinces perceived their respective exclusion in ethnic rather than political terms. This ethnic/national group has little economic power and is under-represented in the political and bureaucratic elite.

A combination of excessive corruption and pathetic under-performance of the state institutions today characterize Pakistan. Both the development of the economy and stable political conditions are being undercut by these factors. The police and the legal system, the bureaucracy, the political and religious class are shamefully corrupt, more interested in enriching themselves individually, than serving with the sense of responsibility or development of the country. Since these state structures represent the state to the citizenry, people tend to become cynical and alienated from politics and the state. This literally implies alienation from Pakistan.

The political elite (including army, politicians, feudal lords, mullahs and bureaucrats) is depending less on achievement, economic efficiency and good governance than on extracting resources from other classes by using political power or traditional, tribal or rural power structures. This class is mostly rent seeking, and perceives the state as providing security and perks.

The question still remains unresolved whether Pakistan is a collection of communities or is it a unified nation? Is Pakistan a geographic nation state or is it a Islamic polity? The sharp polarity on the issue of national integration has become the characteristics of Pakistan polity and society.

cheers,
floydian

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Police Service of Pakistan (PSP)
39th Common Training Program

The need here is to first understand the formation of Pakistani nation. Pakistan is not a homogeneous country rather it is a mixture of people belonging to different and often divergent ethnicities, further sub-divided into complex web of associations. At the time of independence it was thought that religion is a powerful enough to unite all the people who are otherwise have nothing in common but their religion. But it proved to be a far cry. Religion failed to cement the fissures created due to adherence of Pakistanis to their respective ehnicites, Baradris, sects etc. If we look at the history and try a little to fathom the root causes of this dilemma them we would come to know that these were the intrigues of those in power coupled with the ignorance and lack of awareness of the masses which brought Pakistan to the verge of destruction at the hands of her own sons. we never understood the real meaning of national integration and so always addressed the symptoms rather than causes. Integration does not mean unity through uniformity rather it is unity by accepting and respecting the diversity.

though i know nothing much about the analysis of essays, but in my humble view point ur introduction should be strong and repetition of concepts right from the beginning may leave the examiner careless about rest of the work.

SOCIAL SOLIDARITY or AL-ASABIYA of Ibne Khaldun in this case if discussed with a cause and effect relationship, would fetch a few more marks! but that depends on ur stance.