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Famous inventors
Famous inventors A Nils Alwall, (1904-1986), Sweden - the dialysis machine Archimedes, (circa 287 BC-212 BC), Greece Manfred von Ardenne, (1907-1997), Germany William George Armstrong, (1810-1900), England - hydraulic crane Joseph Aspdin, (1788-1855), England - artificial cement John Vincent Atanasoff, (1903-1995), Bulgaria - modern computer B Charles Babbage, (1791-1871), England - Analytical engine Leo Baekeland (1863-1944), Belgian-American - Velox photographic paper and Bakelite Ralph Baer, (1922-), German born American - the home video game console John Logie Baird, (1888-1946), Scotland - a working television John Bardeen, (1908-1991), USA - co-inventor of the transistor Trevor Baylis, (1937- ) - a wind-up radio Arnold O. Beckman, (1900-2004), USA - pH meter Alexander Graham Bell, (1847-1922), USA - telephone Karl Benz, (1844-1929), Germany - the petrol-powered automobile Emile Berliner, (1851-1929), Germany and USA - the disc record gramophone Tim Berners-Lee, (1955-), England - with Robert Cailliau, the World Wide Web Bi Sheng, (?-1052), China - primitive movable printing types Katherine Blodgett, (1898-1979), England - nonreflective glass Claudio Artemio Blotta, b. 1936 argentinian, cutting circle device for pastry. Nils Bohlin, (1920-2002), Sweden - the three-point seat belt Joseph-Armand Bombardier, (1907-1964), Canada - snowmobile Seth Boyden, (1788-1870), USA - invented a nail-making machine Walter Houser Brattain, (1902-1987), USA - co-inventor of the transistor Louis Braille, (1809-1852), France - the Braille writing system Karl Ferdinand Braun, (1850-1918), Germany - cathode-ray tube oscilloscope Edwin Beard Budding, (1795-1846) England - lawnmower Roger Bacon, (1214-1292) England - magnifying glass C Ci Ln, (c. AD 50-121), China - paper Marvin Camras, (1916 - 1995), USA - magnetic recording Chester Carlson, (1906-1968) USA - electrophotography Wallace Carothers, (1896-1937), USA - Nylon Samuel Hunter Christie, (1784-1865), England - Wheatstone bridge Christopher Cockerell, (1910-1999), England - Hovercraft Jacques Cousteau, (1910-1997), France - co-inventor of the aqualung Holger Crafoord, (1908-1982), Sweden - inventor of the artificial kidney Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot, (1725-1804), France - automobile Juan de la Cierva, (1895--1936), Spain - the autogyro Richard Cinque, (1960-Current), USA - Sock Clip, Plate Caddy William Cullen, (1710-1790), Scotland - first artificial refrigerator D Gustaf Daln, (1869-1937), Sweden - invented the AGA Lighthouse Salvino D'Armate - credited for inventing eyeglasses in 1284 Lee DeForest, (1873-1961), USA - triode, amongst others Sir James Dewar, (1842-1923), Scotland - Thermos flask William Kennedy Laurie Dickson, (1860-1935), Scotland - motion picture camera Rudolf Diesel, (1858-1913), Germany - Diesel engine Karl Drais, (1785-1851), Germany - bicycle (Draisine) Cornelius Drebbel, (1572-1633), The Netherlands - first navigable submarine Richard Drew, USA - Scotch (or cellophane) tape E George Eastman, (1854-1932), USA - roll film Thomas Edison, (1847-1931), USA - phonograph, commercially practical light bulb, amongst others Willem Einthoven, (1860-1927), Netherlands - the electrocardiogram Douglas Engelbart, (1925-), USA - the computer mouse [1] Rune Elmqvist (1857-1924), Sweden - implantable pacemaker John Ericsson (1803-1889), Sweden - the two screw-propeller Lars Magnus Ericsson (1846-1926), Sweden - the handheld micro telephone F Philo Farnsworth, (1906-1971), USA - vacuum tube television display James Fergason, (1934-), USA - improved liquid crystal display Reginald Fessenden, (1866-1932), Canada - two-way radio Adolf Eugen Fick, (1829-1901), Germany - contact lens Alexander Fleming (August 6, 1881 - March 11, 1955) England - penicillin John Ambrose Fleming, (1848-1945), England - vacuum diode Benjamin Franklin, (1706-1790), USA - the pointed lightning rod conductor, bifocals William Friese-Greene, (1855-1921), England - cinematography Buckminster Fuller, (1895-1983), USA - geodesic dome G Robert Goddard, (1882-1945), USA - liquid fuel rocket Heinrich Gbel, (1818-1893), Germany - first functional incandescent lamp Gordon Gould, (1920-2005), USA - laser Richard Hall Gower, (1768-1833), United Kingdom - ship's hull and rigging Bette Nesmith Graham, (1924-1980), USA - Liquid Paper Chester Greenwood, (1858-1937), USA - thermal earmuffs James Gregory, (1638-1675), Scotland - reflecting telescope William Robert Grove, (1811-1896), Wales - fuel cell Otto von Guericke, (1602-1686), Germany - vacuum pump Johann Gutenberg, (circa 1390s-1468), Germany - modern movable type printing press H John Hadley, (1682-1744) - the sextant James Hargreaves, (1720-1778) England - invented the spinning jenny John Harrison, (1693-1776) England - marine chronometer Victor Hasselblad, (1906-1978), Sweden - invented the 6 x 6 cm single-lens reflex camera Rudolf Hell, (1901-2002), Germany - the Hellschreiber Jozef Karol Hell, (1713-1789) Slovakia -the water pillar Joseph Henry, (1797-1898), USA - electromagnetic relay Erna Schneider Hoover, USA - computerized telephone switching system Frank Hornby, (1863-1936) England - invented Meccano J Jan Jansk, (1873-1921), Czechoslovakia - discoverer of blood types Karl Jatho, (1873-1933), Germany - airplane Carl Edvard Johansson, (1864-1943), Sweden - gage block sets Johan Petter Johansson, (1853-1943), Sweden - the pipe wrench and the modern adjustable spanner Nancy Johnson - American version of the hand cranked ice cream machine in (1843) K Charles F. Kettering (1876-1958) USA - invented automobile self-starter ignition, Freon ethyl gasoline and more Jack Kilby, (1923-2005) USA - patented the first integrated circuit Fritz Klatte, (1880-1934), Germany - vinyl chloride, forerunner to polyvinyl chloride Margaret Knight, (1838-1914), USA - machine that completely constructs box-bottom brown paper bags Ivan Knunyants - (1906-1990) Ukraine invented Nylon-6 Gleb Kotelnikov, (1872-1944), Russia - knapsack parachute Stephanie Kwolek, (1923-), USA - Kevlar L Hedy Lamarr, (1913-2000), Austria and USA - Spread spectrum Edwin H. Land, (1909-1991), USA - Polaroid polarizing filters and the Land Camera Hkan Lans, (1942-), Sweden - STDMA datalink (Self organising Time Division Multiple Access), colour computer graphics Irving Langmuir, (1851-1957), USA - gas filled incandescent lamp, hydrogen welding Lewis Latimer - worked with Thomas Edison and patented an improved lightbulb manufacturing process Gustav de Laval (1845-1913), Sweden - invented the milk separator and the milking machine Sergei Vasiljevich Lebedev, (1874-1934), Russia - synthetic rubber Tim Berners-Lee, ((June 8, 1955-)) England - world wide web Leonardo da Vinci, (1452-1519), Italy Justus von Liebig, (1803-1873), Germany - nitrogen-based fertilizer Frans Wilhelm Lindqvist, (1862-1931), Sweden - Kerosene stove operated by compressed air Ivan Lupis-Vukic', (1813-1875), Croatia - self-propelled torpedo M Guglielmo Marconi, (1874-1937), Italy - radio Elijah McCoy, (1844-1929), USA - automatic lubricator for oiling steam engines Jeremy McGowan, (1971-?), USA - Wound Dressing Impervious To Chemical And Biological Warfare Agents Antonio Meucci, (1808-1896), Italy - the telephone Narcis Monturiol i Estarriol, (1819-1885), Spain - steam powered submarine Robert Moog, (1934-2005), USA - the Moog synthesizer Montgolfier brothers, (1740-1810) and (1745-1799), France - hot-air balloon Samuel Morey, (1762-1843), USA - internal combustion engine Garrett A. Morgan, (1877-1963), USA - inventor of the gas mask, and traffic signal. Samuel Morse, (1791-1872), USA - telegraph Jozef Murgas (1864-1929), Slovakia - inventor of the wireless telegraph (forerunner of the radio). N Alfred Nobel, (1833-1896), Sweden - dynamite Isaac Newton,(1642-1727), England - reflecting telescope (which reduces chromatic aberration) Carl Rickard Nyberg, (1858-1939), Sweden - the blowtorch O Theophil Wilgodt Odhner, (1845-1903), Sweden - the Odhner Arithmometer, a mechanical calculator Elisha Otis, (1811-1861), USA - passenger elevator and concommitant safety device P Helge Palmcrantz, (1842-1880), Sweden - the multi-barrel, lever-actuated, machine gun Spede Pasanen, (1930-2001), Finland - The ski jumping sling Slavoljub Eduard Penkala, (1871-1922), Croatia - ball point pen Gustaf Erik Pasch, (1788-1862), Sweden - the safety match Henry Perky, (1843-1906), USA - Shredded wheat Peter Petroff, (1919-2004), Bulgaria - digital wrist watch, heart monitor, weather instruments Christopher Polhem, (1661-1751), Sweden - the modern padlock Olivia Poole, (1889-1975), USA, White Earth Indian Reserve - the Jolly Jumper baby harness Baltzar von Platen (1898-1984) Sweden - refrigerator Mihajlo Pupin (1858-1935) Serbia - pupinisation, tunable oscillator, Pupin coil R Wilhelm Conrad Rntgen, (1845-1923), Germany - the x-ray machine Josef Ressel, (1793-1857) Czechoslovakia - ship propeller S Augustus Siebe,(1788-1872) Saxony&England Inventor of the standard diving dress Alberto Santos-Dumont, (1873-1932), Brazil - non-rigid airship and airplane Adolphe Sax, (1814-1894), Belgium - saxophone August Schrader, USA - Schrader valve for Pneumatic tire David Schwarz, (1852-1897), Croatia, - rigid ship, later called Zeppelin William Bradford Shockley, (1910-1989), USA - co-inventor of transistor Werner von Siemens, (1816-1892), Germany - an electromechanical "dynamic" Sir William Siemens (1823-1883), Germany - regenerative furnace Igor Sikorsky, (1889-1972), Ukraine - helicopter Aurel Stodola, (1859-1942), Slovakia - gas turbines Elmer Ambrose Sperry (1860-1930), USA - gyroscope-guided automatic pilot Levi Strauss, (1829-1902), USA - blue jeans John Stringfellow, (1799-1883), England - airplane Simon Sunatori, (1959-), Canada - inventor of Sunatori Pen Joseph Swan, (1828-1914), England - inventor, physicist T Nikola Tesla, (1856-1943), Serbian-Croatian-American - inventor of the induction motor, alternating current polyphase power distribution system, wireless communication, robotics, logic gates, the bladeless turbine, radio and VTOL aircraft (among others). Benjamin Chew Tilghman, (1821-), USA - sandblasting Leonardo Torres y Quevedo, (1852-1936), Spain Alfred Traeger, (1895-1980), Australia - the pedal radio Franc Trkman, (1903-1978), Slovenia - electrical switches, accessories for opening windows Alan Turing, (1912-1954), England - the Turing machine U Lewis Urry, (1927-2004), Canada - long-lasting alkaline battery V Alessandro Volta, (1745-1827), Italy - battery Faust Vranc(ic' (1551-1617), Croatia, parachute W Erik Wallenberg, (1915-1999), Sweden - invented the Tetra Pak Barnes Wallis, (1887-1979), England - bouncing bomb Ghulam Sediq Wardak, (1942-), Afghanistan - 341 unpatented inventions Robert Watson-Watt, (1892-1973), Scotland - microwave radar Jonas Wenstrm, (1855-93), Sweden - the three-phase electrical system George Westinghouse, (1846-1914), USA - Air brake Charles Wheatstone, (1802-1875), England - concertina, stereoscope, microphone, Playfair cipher Eli Whitney, (1765-1825), USA - the cotton gin Frank Whittle, (1907-1996) - co-inventor of the jet engine Otto Wichterle, (1913-1989) Czechoslovakia - invented modern contact lenses Paul Winchell, (1922-2005) - the artificial heart Sven Wingquist, (1876-1953), Sweden - Self-aligning ball bearing A. Baldwin Wood, (1879-1956), US inventor & engineer Granville Woods, (1856-1910), USA - the Synchronous Multiplex Railway Telegraph The Wright brothers, Orville Wright (1871-1948) and Wilbur Wright, (1867-1912), USA - aeroplane Arthur Wynne, (1862 - 1945), England - crossword puzzle Y Hidetsugu Yagi, (1886-1976), Japan - Yagi antenna Asen Yordanoff (1886-1967) Bulgaria - Douglas DC-3 Arthur M. Young, (1905-1995), USA - the Bell Helicopter Z Ferdinand von Zeppelin, (1838-1917), Germany - rigid airship Konrad Zuse, (1910-1995), Germany - first functional tape-stored-program-controlled computer Vladimir Zworykin, (1889-1982), Russia - the iconoscope and the kinescope |
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Armghaan (Wednesday, February 23, 2011), ASP imran khan (Monday, August 16, 2010), bangash_day (Tuesday, November 04, 2008), israrahmed (Monday, June 27, 2011), madiha alvi (Tuesday, September 10, 2013), mjkhan (Monday, June 27, 2011), Qaiserks (Wednesday, April 01, 2009), smooth illusionz (Thursday, June 30, 2011) |
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List of inventors
A
Bruno Abakanowicz, (18521900), Poland/Lithuania/Russia/France Integraph, spirograph Vitaly Abalakov, (19061986), Russia camming devices, Abalakov thread (or V-thread) gearless ice climbing anchor Hovannes Adamian, (18791932), Armenia/Russia tricolor principle of the color television Robert Adler, (19132007), Austria/United States wireless remote control Turhan Alηelik (c. 2006), Turkey non-glaring headlamp Anatoly Alexandrov, (19031994), Russia anti-mine demagnetising of ships, naval nuclear reactors (including one for the first nuclear icebreaker) Alexandre Alexeieff, (19011982) Russia/France pinscreen animation (with his wife Claire Parker) Rostislav Alexeyev, (19161980), Russia ekranoplan Zhores Alferov, (1930), Russia - heterotransistor, continuous-wave-operating diode laser (together with Dmitri Garbuzov) Genrich Altshuller, (19261998), Russia TRIZ ("The Theory of Solving Inventor's Problems") Mary Anderson, (18661953), United States windshield wiper blade Vasily Andreyev, (18611918), Russia standard balalaika Oleg Antonov, (19061984), Russia An-series aircraft, including A-40 winged tank and An-124 (the largest serial cargo, later modified to world's largest fixed-wing aircraft An-225) Nicolas Appert, (17491841), France canning (airtight food preservation) Archimedes, (c. 287212 BC), Greece Archimedes' screw Ami Argand, (17501803), France Argand lamp Edwin H. Armstrong,(18901954), U.S. FM radio William George Armstrong, (18101900), UK hydraulic crane Neil Arnott, (17881874), UK waterbed Lev Artsimovich, (19091973), Russia tokamak Al-Ashraf, (fl. 12821296), Yemen dry compass Joseph Aspdin, (17881855), England Portland cement John Vincent Atanasoff, (19031995), United States modern digital computer [edit]B Georgy Babakin, (19141971), Russia first soft landing space vehicle (Luna 9) Charles Babbage, (17911871), UK analytical engine (semi-automatic computer) Roger Bacon, (12141292), England magnifying glass Leo Baekeland, (18631944), BelgianAmerican Velox photographic paper and Bakelite Ralph H. Baer, (1922), German born American video game console Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi, (11621231), Iraq/Egypt ventilator John Logie Baird, (18881946), Scotland an electromechanical television, electronic color television Ibn al-Baitar, (d. 1248), Islamic Spain three hundred drugs and foods, cancer therapy, pharmacotherapy, Hindiba, pharmacopoeia Abi Bakr of Isfahan, (c. 1235), Persia/Iran mechanical geared astrolabe with lunisolar calendar analog computer Donat Banki, (18591922), Hungary inventor of the carburetor Vladimir Baranov-Rossine, (18881944), Ukraine/Russia/France Optophonic Piano, pointillist or dynamic military camouflage John Bardeen, (19081991), U.S. co-inventor of the transistor Vladimir Barmin, (19091993), Russia first rocket launch complex (spaceport) Anthony R. Barringer, Canada/U.S. INPUT (Induced Pulse Transient) airborne electromagnetic system Earl W. Bascom, (19061995), Canada/U.S. side-delivery rodeo chute, hornless rodeo saddle, rodeo bareback rigging, rodeo chaps Nikolay Basov, (19222001), Russia co-inventor of laser and maser Ibn Bassal, (fl.10381075), Islamic Spain flywheel, flywheel-driven noria, flywheel-driven saqiya chain pump Muhammad ibn Jābir al-Harrānī al-Battānī (Albatenius), (853-929), Syria/Turkey observation tube Eugen Baumann, (18461896), Germany PVC Trevor Baylis, (1937), UK a wind-up radio Francis Beaufort, (17741857), France Beaufort scale Ernest Beaux, (18811961), Russia/France Chanel No. 5 Arnold O. Beckman, (19002004), U.S. pH meter Ulugh Beg, 13941449, Persia/Iran Fakhri sextant, mural sextant Vladimir Bekhterev, (18571927), Russia Bekhterev's Mixture Alexander Graham Bell, (18471922), Canada, Scotland, and U.S. telephone Karl Benz, (18441929), Germany the petrol-powered automobile Alexander Bereznyak, (19121974), Russia first rocket-powered fighter aircraft, BI-1 (together with Isaev) Georgy Beriev, (19031979), Georgia/Russia Be-series amphibious aircraft Emile Berliner, (18511929), Germany and U.S. the disc record gramophone Nikolay Benardos, (18421905), Russia arc welding (specifically carbon arc welding, the first arc welding method) Tim Berners-Lee, (1955), UK with Robert Cailliau, the World Wide Web Abu Mansoor Nizar al-Aziz Billah, (955996), Egypt airmail, homing pigeon Bi Sheng (Chinese: 畢昇), (ca. 9901051), China clay movable type printing Laszlo Biro, (18991985), Hungary modern ballpoint pen Clarence Birdseye, (18861956), U.S. frozen food process Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī, (9731048), Persia/Iran mechanical geared lunisolar calendar analog computer, fixed-wired knowledge processing machine, conical measure, laboratory flask, Orthographical astrolabe, hodometer, pycnometer J. Stuart Blackton, (18751941), U.S. stop-motion film Otto Blathy (18601939), Hungary co-inventor of the transformer, wattmeter, alternating current (AC) and turbogenerator Fyodor Blinov, (18271902), Russia first tracked vehicle, steam-powered continuous track tractor Katharine B. Blodgett, (18981979), UK nonreflective glass Alan Blumlein, (19031942), England stereo Nils Bohlin, (19202002), Sweden the three-point seat belt Joseph-Armand Bombardier, (19071964), Canada snowmobile Sam Born, Russia/U.S. lollipop-making machine Jagdish Chandra Bose, (18581937), India Crescograph George de Bothezat, (18821940), Russia/U.S. quadrotor helicopter (The Flying Octopus) Robert W. Bower, (1936), U.S. self-alignedgate MOSFET Seth Boyden, (17881870), U.S. nail-making machine Walter Houser Brattain, (19021987), U.S. co-inventor of the transistor Louis Braille, (18091852), France the Braille writing system Karl Ferdinand Braun, (18501918), Germany cathode-ray tube oscilloscope Harry Brearley, (18711948), UK stainless steel Sergey Brin, (1973), Russia/U.S. with Larry Page invented Google web search engine Mikhail Britnev, (18221889), Russia first metal-hull icebreaker (Pilot) Rachel Fuller Brown, (18981980), U.S., Nystatin, the world's first antifungal antibiotic John Moses Browning, (18551926), U.S. automatic handgun[disambiguation needed] Maria Christina Bruhn, (17321802), Sweden Nikolay Brusentsov, (born 1925), Russia ternary computer (Setun) Edwin Beard Budding, (17951846), UK lawnmower Gersh Budker, (19181977), Russia electron cooling, co-inventor of collider Corliss Orville Burandt, U.S. Variable valve timing Henry Burden,(1791-1871) Scotland and U.S.- Horseshoe machine (made 60 horse shoes in a minute), first usable Iron Railed road spike, and builder of the most powerful waterwheel in history "Niagara of Water-Wheels" Richard James Burgess, U.K. Simmons (electronic drum company), co-inventor of SDS5 drum synthesizer Aleksandr Butlerov, (18281886), Russia hexamine, formaldehyde [edit]C Robert Cailliau, (1947), Belgium with Tim Berners-Lee, the World Wide Web C`ai Lun, 蔡倫 (50121 AD), China paper Marvin Camras, (19161995), U.S. magnetic recording Chester Carlson, (19061968), U.S. Xerography Wallace Carothers, (18961937), U.S. Nylon Hezarfen Ahmet Celebi, (fl.16301632), Turkey long-distance flight, artificial wings Lagari Hasan Celebi, (1633), Turkey first manned rocket flight Joseph Constantine Carpue, (17641846), France rhinoplastic surgery George Cayley, (17731857), UK glider, tension-spoke wheels, Caterpillar track Roxey Ann Caplin, (17931888), UK Corsets Dennis Charter, (1952), Australia secure electronic payment system for internet PaySafe Vladimir Chelomey, (19141984), Russia first space station (Salyut), Proton rocket (the most used heavy lift launch system) Pavel Cherenkov, (19041990), Russia Cherenkov detector Adrian Chernoff, (1971), U.S. GM Autonomy, GM Hy-wire, Rubber Bandits Evgeniy Chertovsky, (1902), Russia pressure suit Alexander Chizhevsky, (18971964), Russia air ionizer Andrey Chokhov, (c. 15451629), Russia Tsar Cannon Niels Christensen (18651952), U.S. O-ring Samuel Hunter Christie, (17841865), UK Wheatstone bridge Juan de la Cierva, (18951936), Spain the autogyro Alexandru Ciurcu, (18541922), Romania Reaction engine Georges Claude, (18701960), France neon lamp Henri Coandă, (18861972), Romania Jet engine Josephine Cochrane, (18391913), U.S. dishwasher Christopher Cockerell, (19101999), UK Hovercraft Aeneas Coffey, (17801852), Ireland heat exchanger, Coffey still Sir Henry Cole, (18081882), England Christmas card Samuel Colt, (18141862), U.S. Revolver George Constantinescu, (18811965), Romania Interrupter gear Lloyd Groff Copeman, (18651956), U.S. Electric stove Cornelis Corneliszoon, (15501607), The Netherlands sawmill Jacques Cousteau, (19101997), France co-inventor of the aqualung and the Nikonos underwater camera Thomas Crapper, (18361910), England ballcock (toilet valve) Bartolomeo Cristofori, (16551731), Italy piano Jαnos Csonka, (18521939), Hungary co-inventor of carburetor Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot, (17251804), France first steam-powered road vehicle William Cumberland Cruikshank, (17451800), UK chlorinated water William Cullen, (17101790), UK first artificial refrigerator Glenn Curtiss, (18781930), U.S. ailerons [edit]D Gustaf Dalιn, (18691937), Sweden AGA cooker; Dalιn light; Agamassan Salvino D'Armate, (12581312), Italy credited for inventing eyeglasses in 1284 Corradino D'Ascanio, (18911981), Italy - D'AT3 helicopter; Vespa scooter Jacob Davis, (18681908), U.S. riveted jeans Edmund Davy, (17851857), Ireland acetylene Humphry Davy, (17781829), UK Davy miners lamp Joseph Day, (18551946), UK the crankcase-compression two-stroke engine Lee DeForest, (18731961), U.S. triode Vasily Degtyaryov, (18801949), Russia first self-loading carbine, Degtyaryov-series firearms, co-developer of Fedorov Avtomat Akinfiy Demidov, (16781745), Russia co-developer of rebar, cast iron dome, lightning rod (all found in the Leaning Tower of Nevyansk) Yuri Nikolaevich Denisyuk, (19272006), Russia 3D holography Miksa Deri (18541938), Hungary co-inventor of an improved closed-core transformer James Dewar, (18421923), UK Thermos flask Aleksandr Dianin, (18511918), Russia - Bisphenol A, Dianin's compound William Kennedy Laurie Dickson, (18601935), UK motion picture camera Philip Diehl, (18471913), U.S. Ceiling fan, electric sewing machine Rudolf Diesel, (18581913), Germany Diesel engine Al-Dinawari, (828-896), Persia/Iran more than a hundred plant drugs William H. Dobelle, (19432004), United States first functioning artificial eye Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky, (18621919),Poland/Russia three-phase electric power (first 3-phase hydroelectric power plant, 3-phase electrical generator, 3-phase motor and 3-phase transformer) Nikolay Dollezhal, (18992000),Russia AM-1 reactor for the 1st nuclear power plant, other RBMK reactors, VVER pressurized water reactors Bryan Donkin, (17681855), UK print industry composition roller Hub van Doorne, (19001979), Netherlands, Variomatic continuously variable transmission Anastase Dragomir, (18961966), Romania Ejection seat Karl Drais, (17851851), Germany dandy horse (Draisine) Cornelius Drebbel, (15721633), The Netherlands first navigable submarine Richard Drew, (18991980), U.S. Masking tape John Boyd Dunlop, (18401921) UK first practical pneumatic tyre Cyril Duquet, (18411922) Canada Telephone handset Alexey Dushkin, (19041977), Russia deep column station James Dyson, (1947 ) UK Dual Cyclone bagless vacuum cleaner, incorporating the principles of cyclonic separation. [edit]E George Eastman, (18541932), U.S. roll film Thomas Edison, (18471931), U.S. phonograph, commercially practical light bulb, stock ticker, ticker-tape machine etc. Willem Einthoven, (18601927), The Netherlands the electrocardiogram Ivan Elmanov, Russia first monorail (horse-drawn) Rune Elmqvist, (19061996), Sweden implantable pacemaker Douglas Engelbart, (1925), U.S. the computer mouse [1] John Ericsson, (18031889), Sweden the two screw-propeller Lars Magnus Ericsson, (18461926), Sweden the handheld micro telephone Ole Evinrude, (18771934), Norway outboard motor [edit]F Peter Carl Fabergι, (18461920), Russia Fabergι Eggs Samuel Face, (19232001), U.S. concrete flatness/levelness technology; Lightning Switch Michael Faraday, (17911867), England electric transformer, electric motor Johann Maria Farina, (16851766), Germany; Eau de Cologne Philo Farnsworth, (19061971), U.S. electronic television Muhammad al-Fazari, (d. 796/806), Persia/Iran/Iraq brass astrolabe James Fergason, (1934), U.S. improved liquid crystal display Enrico Fermi, (19011954), Italy nuclear reactor Humberto Fernαndez Morαn, (19241999), Venezuela Diamond scalpel, Ultra microtome Reginald Fessenden, (18661932), Canada two-way radio Adolf Gaston Eugen Fick, (18291901), Germany contact lens Fatima al-Fihri, (c. 859), Tunisia/Morocco university Abbas Ibn Firnas (Armen Firman), (810-887), Al-Andalus eye glasses, artificial wings, watch, fused quartz and silica glass, artificial thunder and lightning, metronome Artur Fischer, (1919) Germany fasteners including fischertechnik. Gerhard Fischer, Germany/U.S. hand-held metal detector Nicolas Florine, (18911972), Georgia/Russia/Belgium first tandem rotor helicopter to fly freely Robert Fulton, (17651815), United States first commercially successful steamboat, first practical submarine Alexander Fleming, (18811955), Scotland penicillin John Ambrose Fleming, (18481945), England vacuum diode Sandford Fleming, (18271915), Canada Universal Standard Time Tommy Flowers, (19051998), England Colossus an early electronic computer. Jean Bernard Lιon Foucault, (18191868), France Foucault pendulum, gyroscope, eddy current Benoξt Fourneyron, (18021867), France water turbine John Fowler, (18261864), England steam-driven ploughing engine Benjamin Franklin, (17061790), U.S. the pointed lightning rod conductor, bifocal glasses, the Franklin stove, the glass harmonica Augustin-Jean Fresnel, (17881827), France Fresnel lens William Friese-Greene, (18551921), England cinematography Buckminster Fuller, (18951983), U.S. geodesic dome Ivan Fyodorov, (c. 15101583), Russia/Poland-Lithuania[disambiguation needed] invented multibarreled mortar, introduced printing in Russia Svyatoslav Fyodorov, (19272000), Russia radial keratotomy Vladimir Fyodorov, (18741966), Russia Fedorov Avtomat (first self-loading battle rifle, arguably the first assault rifle) [edit]G Dennis Gabor, (19001979), UK holography Boris Borisovich Galitzine, (18621916), Russia electromagnetic seismograph Dmitri Garbuzov, (19402006), Russia/U.S. - continuous-wave-operating diode lasers (together with Zhores Alferov), high-power diode lasers Elmer R. Gates, (18591923), USA foam fire extinguisher, electric loom mechanisms, magnetic & diamagnetic separators, educational toy ("box & blocks") Richard J. Gatling, (18181903), U.S. wheat drill, first successful machine gun Georgy Gause, (19101986), Russia gramicidin S, neomycin, lincomycin and other antibiotics E. K. Gauzen, Russia three bolt equipment (early diving costume) Hans Wilhelm Geiger, (18821945), Germany Geiger counter Andrey Geim, (born 1958), Russia/United Kingdom graphene Nestor Genko, (18391904), Russia Genko's Forest Belt (the first large-scale windbreak system) Henri Giffard, (18251882), France powered airship, injector Valentyn Glushko, (19081989), Russia hypergolic propellant, electric propulsion, Soviet rocket engines (including world's most powerful liquid-fuel rocket engine RD-170) Heinrich Gφbel, (18181893), Germany incandescent lamp Leonid Gobyato, (18751915), Russia first modern man-portable mortar Robert Goddard, (18821945), U.S. liquid fuel rocket Igor Gorynin, (1926), Russia - weldable titanium alloys, high strength aluminium alloys, radiation-hardened steels Peter Carl Goldmark, (19061977), Hungary vinyl record (LP), CBS color television Charles Goodyear, (18001860), U.S. vulcanization of rubber Gordon Gould, (19202005), U.S. co-inventor of laser Richard Hall Gower, (17681833), England ship's hull and rigging Boris Grabovsky, (19011966), Russia cathode commutator, an early electronic TV pickup tube Bette Nesmith Graham, (19241980), U.S. Liquid Paper James Henry Greathead, (18441896), South Africa tunnel boring machine, tunnelling shield technique Chester Greenwood, (18581937), U.S. thermal earmuffs James Gregory, (16381675), Scotland Gregorian telescope William Robert Grove, (18111896), Wales fuel cell Otto von Guericke, (16021686), Germany vacuum pump, manometer, dasymeter Mikhail Gurevich, (18931976), Russia - MiG-series fighter aircraft, including world's most produced jet aircraft MiG-15 and most produced supersonic aircraft MiG-21 (together with Artem Mikoyan) Hakan Gόrsu, (c. 2007), Turkey Volitan Johann Gutenberg, (c. 1390s1468), Germany movable type printing press Samuel Guthrie, (17821848), U.S. discovered chloroform [edit]H John Hadley, (16821744), England Octant Waldemar Haffkine, (18601930), Russia/Switzerland first anti-cholera and anti-plague vaccines Tracy Hall, (19192008 ), U.S. synthetic diamond Christopher Hansteen, (17831873), Norway discovery of terrestrial magnetism James Hargreaves, (17201778), England spinning jenny John Harington, (15611612), England - the flush toilet John Harrison, (16931776), England marine chronometer Victor Hasselblad, (19061978), Sweden invented the 6 x 6 cm single-lens reflex camera Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), (9651039), Iraq camera obscura, pinhole camera, magnifying glass Robert A. Heinlein, (19071988), U.S. waterbed Jozef Karol Hell, (17131789), Slovakia the water pillar Rudolf Hell, (19012002), Germany the Hellschreiber Joseph Henry, (17971878), Scotland/U.S. electromagnetic relay Heron, (c. 10-70), Roman Egypt usually credited with invention of the aeolipile, although it may have been described a century earlier John Herschel, (17921871), England photographic fixer (hypo), actinometer William Herschel, (17381822), England infrared Heinrich Hertz, (18571894), Germany radio telegraphy, electromagnetic radiation George de Hevesy, (18851966), Hungary radioactive tracer Rowland Hill, (17951879), UK postage stamp Maurice Hilleman (19192005) vaccines agains childhood diseases Felix Hoffmann (Bayer), (18681949), Germany Aspirin Herman Hollerith, (18601929), U.S. recording data on a machine readable medium, tabulator, punched cards Nick Holonyak, (1928- ), U.S. LED (Light Emitting Diode) Robert Hooke, (16351703), England balance wheel, iris diaphragm Erna Schneider Hoover, (1926), U.S. computerized telephone switching system Frank Hornby, (18631936), England invented Meccano Coenraad Johannes van Houten, (18011887), Netherlands cocoa powder, cacao butter, chocolate milk Elias Howe, (18191867), U.S. sewing machine Muhammad Husayn, (fl.17th century), Persia/Iran cartographic Qibla indicator with sundial and compass Christiaan Huygens, (16291695), Netherlands pendulum clock John Wesley Hyatt, (18371920), U.S. celluloid manufacturing. [edit]I Sumio Iijima, (1939- ), Japan Carbon nanotubes Gavriil Ilizarov, (19211992), Russia Ilizarov apparatus, external fixation, distraction osteogenesis Sergey Ilyushin, (18941977), Russia Il-series aircraft, including Ilyushin Il-2 bomber (the most produced military aircraft in history) Jαnos Irinyi, (18171895), Hungary noiseless match Aleksei Isaev, (19081971), Russia first rocket-powered fighter aircraft, BI-1 (together with Isaev) [edit]J Jabir ibn Aflah (Geber), (c. 11001150), Islamic Spain portable celestial globe Jābir ibn Hayyān (Geber), (c. 721-815), Persia/Iran pure distillation, liquefaction, purification, retort, mineral acids, nitric and sulfuric acids, hydrochloric acid, aqua regia, alum, alkali, borax, pure sal ammoniac, lead carbonatic, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, pure mercury and sulfur, plated mail Moritz von Jacobi, (18011874), Germany/Russia - electrotyping, electric boat Karl Jatho, (18731933), Germany aeroplane Al-Jazari, (11361206), Iraq crank-driven and hydropowered saqiya chain pump, crank-driven screw and screwpump, elephant clock, weight-driven clock, weight-driven pump, reciprocating piston suction pump, geared and hydropowered water supply system, programmable humanoid robots, robotics, hand washing automata, flush mechanism, lamination, static balancing, paper model, sand casting, molding sand, intermittency, linkage Ibn Al-Jazzar (Algizar), (c. 898-980), Tunisia sexual dysfunction and erectile dysfunction treatment drugs Gyφrgy Jendrassik, (18981954), Hungary turboprop Charles Francis Jenkins, (18671934) - television and movie projector (Phantoscope) Carl Edvard Johansson, (18641943), Sweden Gauge blocks Johan Petter Johansson, (18531943), Sweden the pipe wrench and the modern adjustable spanner Nancy Johnson, U.S. American version of the hand cranked ice cream machine in (1843) Scott A. Jones, (1960), U.S. created one of the most successful versions of voicemail as well as ChaCha Search, a human-assisted internet search engine. Whitcomb Judson, (18361909), U.S. zipper [edit]K Mikhail Kalashnikov, (1919), Russia AK-47 and AK-74 assault rifles (the most produced ever)[2] Dean Kamen, (1951), U.S. Invented the Segway HT scooter and the IBOT Mobility Device Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, (18531926), Netherlands liquify helium Nikolay Kamov, (19021973), Russia armored battle autogyro, Ka-series coaxial rotor helicopters Pyotr Kapitsa, (18941984), Russia - first ultrastrong magnetic field creating techniques, basic low-temperature physics inventions Georgii Karpechenko, (18991941), Russia - rabbage (the first ever non-sterile hybrid obtained through the crossbreeding) Jamshīd al-Kāshī, (c. 13801429), Persia/Iran plate of conjunctions, analog planetary computer Yevgeny Kaspersky, (1965), Russia Kaspersky Anti-Virus, Kaspersky Internet Security, Kaspersky Mobile Security anti-virus products Adolphe Kιgresse, (18791943), France/Russia Kιgresse track (first half-track and first off-road vehicle with continuous track), dual clutch transmission Mstislav Keldysh, (19111978), Latvia/Russia - co-developer of Sputnik 1 (the first artificial satellite) together with Korolyov and Tikhonravov John Harvey Kellogg, (18521943), cornflake breakfasts John George Kemeny, (19261992), Hungary co-inventor of BASIC Alexander Kemurdzhian, (19212003), Russia first space exploration rover (Lunokhod) Kerim Kerimov, (19172003), Azerbaijan and Russia co-developer of human spaceflight, space dock, space station Charles F. Kettering, (18761958), U.S. invented automobile self-starter ignition, Freon ethyl gasoline and more Khalid, (fl.9th century), Ethiopia coffee Fazlur Khan, (19291982), Bangladesh structural systems for high-rise skyscrapers Yulii Khariton, (19041996), Russia chief designer of the Soviet atomic bomb, co-developer of the Tsar Bomb Anatoly Kharlampiev, (19061979), Russia Sambo (martial art) Al-Khazini, (fl.11151130), Persia/Iran hydrostatic balance Konstantin Khrenov, (18941984), Russia underwater welding Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi, (c. 9401000), Persia/Iran astronomical sextant Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī (Algoritmi), (c. 780-850), Persia/Iran modern algebra, mural instrument, horary quadrant, Sine quadrant, shadow square Erhard Kietz, (19091982), Germany & U.S.A. - patented signal improvements for video transmissions Erhard Kietz Patents Jack Kilby, (19232005), U.S. patented the first integrated circuit Al-Kindi (Alkindus), (801873), Iraq/Yemen ethanol, pure distilled alcohol, cryptanalysis, frequency analysis Fritz Klatte, (18801934), Germany vinyl chloride, forerunner to polyvinyl chloride Margaret E. Knight, (18381914), U.S. machine that completely constructs box-bottom brown paper bags Ivan Knunyants, (19061990), Armenia/Russia capron, Nylon 6, polyamide-6 Robert Koch, (18431910), Germany method for culturing bacteria on solid media Willem Johan Kolff, (19112009), Netherlands artificial kidney hemodialysis machine Rudolf Kompfner, (19091977), U.S. Traveling-wave tube Konstantin Konstantinov, (1817 or 18191871), Russia device for measuring flight speed of projectiles, ballistic rocket pendulum, launch pad, rocket-making machine Sergey Korolyov, (19071966), Ukraine/Russia first successful intercontinental ballistic missile (R-7 Semyorka), R-7 rocket family, Sputniks (including the first Earth-orbiting artificial satellite), Vostok program (including the first human spaceflight) Nikolai Korotkov, (18741920), Russia - auscultatory technique for blood pressure measurement Semen Korsakov, (17871853), Russia - punched card for information storage Mikhail Koshkin, (18981940), Russia T-34 medium tank, the best and most produced tank of World War II[3] Ognjeslav Kostović, (18511916), Serbia/Russia arborite (high-strength plywood, an early plastic) Gleb Kotelnikov, (18721944), Russia knapsack parachute, drogue parachute Alexei Krylov, (18631945), Russia gyroscopic damping of ships Ivan Kulibin, (17351818), Russia egg-shaped clock, candle searchlight, elevator using screw mechanisms, a self-rolling carriage featuring a flywheel, brake, gear box, and bearing, an early optical telegraph Igor Kurchatov, (19031960), Russia first nuclear power plant, first nuclear reactors for submarines and surface ships Raymond Kurzweil, (1948), Optical character recognition; flatbed scanner Stephanie Kwolek, (1923), U.S. Kevlar John Howard Kyan (17741850), Ireland The process of Kyanization used for wood preservation [edit]L Dmitry Lachinov, (18421902), Russia mercury pump, economizer for electricity consumption, electrical insulation tester, optical dynamometer, photometer, elecrolyser Renι Laλnnec, (17811826), France stethoscope Lala Balhumal Lahuri, (c. 1842), Mughal India seamless globe and celestial globe Georges Lakhovsky, (18691942), Russia/U.S. Multiple Wave Oscillator Hedy Lamarr, (19132000), Austria and U.S. Spread spectrum radio Edwin H. Land, (19091991), U.S. Polaroid polarizing filters and the Land Camera Samuel P. Langley, (18341906), U.S. bolometer Irving Langmuir, (18511957), U.S. gas filled incandescent light bulb, hydrogen welding Lewis Latimer, (18481928), Invented the modern day light bulb Gustav de Laval, (18451913), Sweden invented the milk separator and the milking machine Semyon Lavochkin, (19001960), Russia La-series aircraft, first operational surface-to-air missile S-25 Berkut John Bennet Lawes, (18141900), England superphosphate or chemical fertilizer Nikolai Lebedenko, Russia Tsar Tank, the largest armored vehicle in history Sergei Lebedev, (18741934), Russia commercially viable synthetic rubber Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, (16321723), Netherlands development of the microscope Jean-Joseph Etienne Lenoir, (18221900), Belgium internal combustion engine, motorboat R. G. LeTourneau, (18881969), U.S.- electric wheel, motor scraper, mobile oil drilling platform, bulldozer, cable control unit for scrapers Willard Frank Libby, (19081980), U.S. radiocarbon dating Justus von Liebig, (18031873), Germany nitrogen-based fertilizer Otto Lilienthal, (18481896), Germany hang glider Frans Wilhelm Lindqvist, (18621931), Sweden Kerosene stove operated by compressed air Hans Lippershey, (15701619), Netherlands telescope Lisitsyn brothers, Ivan Fyodorovich and Nazar Fyodorovich, Russia samovar (the first documented makers) William Howard Livens, (18891964), England chemical warfare Livens Projector. Alexander Lodygin, (18471923), Russia electrical filament, incandescent light bulb with tungsten filament Mikhail Lomonosov, (17111765), Russia night vision telescope, off-axis reflecting telescope, coaxial rotor, re-invented smalt Yury Lomonosov, (18761952), Russia/United Kingdom first successful mainline diesel locomotive Aleksandr Loran, (1849 after 1911), Russia fire fighting foam, foam extinguisher Oleg Losev, (19031942), Russia light-emitting diode, crystadine Archibald Low, (18821956), Britain Pioneer of radio guidance systems Auguste and Louis Lumiθre, France Cinιmatographe Gleb Lozino-Lozinskiy, (19092001), Russia Buran (spacecraft), Spiral project Ignacy Łukasiewicz, (18221882), Poland modern kerosene lamp Giovanni Luppis, (18131875), Austrian Empire (ethnical Italian) self-propelled torpedo Ali Kashmiri ibn Luqman, (fl.15891590), Mughal India seamless globe and celestial globe Arkhip Lyulka, (19081984), Russia first double jet turbofan engine, other Soviet aircraft engines [edit]M Ma Jun, (c. 200265), China South Pointing Chariot (see differential gear), mechanical puppet theater, chain pumps, improved silk looms Aleksandr Makarov, Russia/Germany Orbitrap mass spectrometer Stepan Makarov, (18491904), Russia Icebreaker Yermak, the first true icebreaker able to ride over and crush pack ice Nestor Makhno, (18881934), Ukraine/Russia tachanka Charles Macintosh, (17661843), Scotland waterproof raincoat, life vest Victor Makeev, (19241985), Russia first submarine-launched ballistic missile Dmitri Dmitrievich Maksutov, (18961964), Russia Maksutov telescope Sergey Malyutin, (18591937), Russia designed the first matryoshka doll (together with Vasily Zvyozdochkin) Al-Ma'mun, (786-833), Iraq singing bird automata, terrestrial globe Boris Mamyrin, (19192007), Russia reflectron (ion mirror) George William Manby, (17651854), England Fire extinguisher Guglielmo Marconi, (18741937), Italy radio telegraphy John Landis Mason, (18261902), U.S. Mason jars Henry Maudslay, (17711831), England screw-cutting lathe, bench micrometer Hiram Maxim, (18401916), USA born, England First self-powered machine gun James Clerk Maxwell (18311879) and Thomas Sutton Scotland color photography Ammar ibn Ali al-Mawsili, (9th century), Iraq syringe, hypodermic needle, cataract extraction, injection, suction John McAdam, (17561836), Scotland improved "macadam" road surface Elijah McCoy, (18431929), Canada Displacement lubricator Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov, (18451916), Russia probiotics Hippolyte Mθge-Mouriιs, (18171880), France margarine Dmitri Mendeleev, (18341907), Russia Periodic table, pycnometer, pyrocollodion, also credited with determining the ideal vodka proof as 38% (later rounded to 40%) Antonio Meucci, (18081889), Italy telephone (prototype) Ιdouard Michelin, (18591940), France pneumatic tire Anthony Michell, (18701959), Australia tilting pad thrust bearing, crankless engine Artem Mikoyan, (19051970), Armenia/Russia MiG-series fighter aircraft, including world's most produced jet aircraft MiG-15 and most produced supersonic aircraft MiG-21 (together with Mikhail Gurevich) Alexander Mikulin, (18951985), Russia Mikulin AM-34 and other Soviet aircraft engines, co-developer of the Tsar Tank Mikhail Mil, (19091970), Russia Mi-series helicopter aircraft, including Mil Mi-8 (the world's most-produced helicopter) and Mil Mi-12 (the world's largest helicopter) Pavel Molchanov, (18931941), Russia radiosonde Jules Montenier, (c. 1910), U.S. modern anti-perspirant deodorant Montgolfier brothers, (17401810) and (17451799), France hot-air balloon John J. Montgomery, (18581911), U.S. heavier-than-air gliders Narcis Monturiol i Estarriol, (18191885), Spain steam powered submarine Robert Moog, (19342005), U.S. the Moog synthesizer Samuel Morey, (17621843), U.S. internal combustion engine Garrett A. Morgan, (18771963), U.S. inventor of the gas mask, and traffic signal. Samuel Morse, (17911872), U.S. telegraph Alexander Morozov, (19041979), Russia T-54/55 (the most produced tank in history), co-developer of T-34 Sergei Ivanovich Mosin, (18491902), Russia MosinNagant rifle Motorins, Ivan Feodorovich (1660s 1735) and his son Mikhail Ivanovich (?1750), Russia Tsar Bell Vera Mukhina, (18891953), Russia welded sculpture Al-Muqaddasi, (c. 9461000), Palestine restaurant Ibn Khalaf al-Muradi, (fl.11th century), Islamic Spain geared mechanical clock, segmental gear, epicyclic gearing William Murdoch, (17541839), Scotland Gas lighting Jozef Murgas, (18641929), Slovakia inventor of the wireless telegraph (forerunner of the radio) Evgeny Murzin, (19141970), Russia ANS synthesizer Banū Mūsā brothers, Muhammad (c. 800-873), Ahmad (803-873), Al-Hasan (810-873), Iraq mechanical trick devices, hurricane lamp, self-trimming and self-feeding lamp, gas mask, clamshell grab, fail-safe system, mechanical musical instrument, automatic flute player, programmable machine Pieter van Musschenbroek, (16921761), Netherlands Leyden jar, pyrometer Eadweard Muybridge, (18301904), England motion picture [edit]N Alexander Nadiradze, (19141987), Georgia/Russia first mobile ICBM (RT-21 Temp 2S), first reliable mobile ICBM (RT-2PM Topol) John Napier, (15501617), Scotland logarithms James Naismith, (18611939), Canadian born, USA invented basketball and American football helmet Yoshiro Nakamatsu, (b. 1928), Japan floppy disk, "PyonPyon" spring shoes, digital watch, CinemaScope, armchair "Cerebrex", sauce pump, taxicab meter Andrey Nartov, (16831756), Russia first lathe with a mechanic cutting tool-supporting carriage and a set of gears, fast-fire battery on a rotating disc, screw mechanism for changing the artillery fire angle, gauge-boring lathe for cannon-making, early telescopic sight James Nasmyth, (18081890), Scotland steam hammer Nebuchadrezzar II, (c. 630562 BC), Iraq (Mesopotamia) screw, screwpump Sergey Nepobedimiy, (1921), Russia first supersonic anti-tank guided missile Sturm[disambiguation needed], other Soviet rocket weaponry John von Neumann, (19031957), Hungary Von Neumann computer architecture Isaac Newton,(16421727), England reflecting telescope (which reduces chromatic aberration) Joseph Nicephore Niιpce, (17651833), France photography Nikolai Nikitin, (19071973), Russia prestressed concrete with wire ropes structure (Ostankino Tower), Nikitin-Travush 4000 project (precursor to X-Seed 4000) Paul Gottlieb Nipkow, (18601940), Germany - Nipkow disk Jun-Ichi Nishizawa, (1926), Japan Optical communication system, SIT/SITh (Static Induction Transistor/Thyristor), Laser diode, PIN diode Alfred Nobel, (18331896), Sweden dynamite Ludvig Nobel, (18311888), Sweden/Russia first successful oil tanker Carl Rickard Nyberg, (18581939), Sweden the blowtorch [edit]O Theophil Wilgodt Odhner, (18451903), Sweden/Russia the Odhner Arithmometer, a mechanical calculator Lucien Olivier, (18381883), Belgium or France / Russia Russian salad (Olivier salad) J. Robert Oppenheimer, (19041967), United States Atomic bomb Edward Otho Cresap Ord, II, (18581923) American - weapon sights & mining Hans Christian Ψrsted, (17771851), Denmark electromagnetism, aluminium Elisha Otis, (18111861), U.S. passenger elevator with safety device William Oughtred, (15751660), England slide rule [edit]P Larry Page, (1973), U.S. with Sergey Brin invented Google web search engine Alexey Pajitnov, (born 1956), Russia/U.S. Tetris Helge Palmcrantz, (18421880), Sweden the multi-barrel, lever-actuated, machine gun Daniel David Palmer, (18451913), Canada chiropractic Luigi Palmieri, (18071896), Italy seismometer Alexander Parkes, (18311890), England celluloid Charles Algernon Parsons, (18541931), British steam turbine Spede Pasanen, (19302001), Finland ski jumping sling Blaise Pascal, (16231662), France Pascal's calculator Gustaf Erik Pasch, (17881862), Sweden safety match Les Paul, (19152009), U.S. multitrack recording Nicolae Paulescu, (18691931), Romania insulin Ivan Pavlov, (18491936), Russia, classical conditioning Arthur Paul Pedrick, England chromatically selective cat flap and others John Pemberton, (18311888), U.S. Coca-Cola Slavoljub Eduard Penkala, (18711922), Croatia mechanical pencil Henry Perky, (18431906), U.S. shredded wheat Stephen Perry, England rubber band Vladimir Petlyakov, (18911942), Russia heavy bomber Peter Petroff, (19192004), Bulgaria digital wrist watch, heart monitor, weather instruments Fritz Pfleumer, (18811945), Germany magnetic tape Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov, (18101881), Russia early use of ether as anaesthetic, first anaesthesia in a field operation, various kinds of surgical operations Fyodor Pirotsky, (18451898), Russia electric tram Arthur Pitney, (18711933), United States postage meter Joseph Plateau, (18011883), Belgium phenakistiscope (stroboscope) Baltzar von Platen, (18981984), Sweden gas absorption refrigerator James Leonard Plimpton, U.S. roller skates Ivan Plotnikov, (19021995), Russia kirza leather Petrache Poenaru, (17991875), Romania fountain pen Christopher Polhem, (16611751), Sweden the modern padlock Nikolai Polikarpov, (18921944), Russia Po-series aircraft, including Polikarpov Po-2 Kukuruznik[disambiguation needed] (world's most produced biplane) Ivan Polzunov, (17281766), Russia first two-cylinder steam engine Mikhail Pomortsev, (18511916), Russia nephoscope Olivia Poole, (18891975), U.S., the Jolly Jumper baby harness Alexander Popov, (18591906), Russia lightning detector (the first lightning prediction system and radio receiver), co-inventor of radio Nikolay Popov, (19312008), Russia first fully gas turbine main battle tank (T-80) Aleksandr Porokhovschikov, (18921941), Russia Vezdekhod (the first prototype tank, or tankette, and the first caterpillar amphibious ATV) Joseph Priestley, (17331804), England soda water Alexander Procofieff de Seversky, 18941974, Russia/United States of America first gyroscopically stabilized bombsight, ionocraft, also developed air-to-air refueling Alexander Prokhorov, (19162002), Russia co-inventor of laser and maser Petro Prokopovych, (17751850), Ukraine/Russia early beehive frame, queen excluder and other beekeeping novelties Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky, (18631944), Russia/France - early colour photography method based on three colour channels, also colour film slides and colour motion pictures George Pullman, (18311897), U.S. Pullman sleep wagon Michael I. Pupin, (18581935), Serbia pupinization (loading coils), tunable oscillator Tivadar Puskas, (18441893), Hungary telephone exchange [edit]R Mario Rabinowitz, (1936), U.S. solar concentrator with tracking micromirrors Hasan al-Rammah, (fl.1270s), Syria purified potassium nitrate, explosive gunpowder, torpedo Harun al-Rashid, (763-809), Persia/Iran public hospital, medical school Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi (Rhazes), (865965), Persia/Iran distillation and extraction methods, sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid, soap kerosene, kerosene lamp, chemotherapy, sodium hydroxide Karl von Reichenbach, (17881869), paraffin, creosote oil, phenol Ira Remsen, (18461927), U.S. saccharin Ralf Reski, (* 1958), Germany Moss Bioreactor 1998 Josef Ressel, (17931857), Czechoslovakia ship propeller Charles Francis Richter, (19001985), U.S. Richter magnitude scale Hyman George Rickover, (19001986), U.S. Nuclear submarine John Roebuck, (17181794) England lead chamber process for sulfuric acid synthesis Peter I the Great, Tsar and Emperor of Russia, (16721725), Russia decimal currency, yacht club, sounding line with separating plummet (sounding weight probe) Wilhelm Conrad Rφntgen, (18451923), Germany the X-ray machine Ida Rosenthal, (18861973), Belarus/Russia/United States modern brassiere (Maidenform), the standard of cup sizes, nursing bra, full-figured bra, the first seamed uplift bra (all with her husband William) Boris Rosing, (18691933), Russia CRT television (first TV system using CRT on the receiving side) Eugene Roshal, (born 1972), Russia FAR file manager, RAR file format, WinRAR file archiver Ernő Rubik, (1944), Hungary Rubik's cube, Rubik's Magic and Rubik's Clock Ernst Ruska, (19061988), Germany electron microscope [edit]S Alexander Sablukov, (17831857), Russia centrifugal fan Şerafeddin Sabuncuoğlu, (13851468), Turkey illustrated surgical atlas Andrei Sakharov, (19211989), Russia invented explosively pumped flux compression generator, co-developed the Tsar Bomb and tokamak Ibn Samh, (c. 1020), Middle East mechanical geared astrolabe Franz San Galli, (18241908), Poland/Russia (Italian and German descent) radiator, modern central heating Alberto Santos-Dumont, (18731932), Brazil non-rigid airship and airplane Arthur William Savage, (18571938) - radial tires, gun magazines, Savage Model 99 lever action rifle Thomas Savery, (16501715), England steam engine Adolphe Sax, (18141894), Belgium saxophone Bela Schick, (18771967), Hungary diphtheria test Pavel Schilling, (17801836), Estonia/Russia first electromagnetic telegraph, mine with an electric fuse Christian Schnabel (18781936), German simplistic food cutleries Kees A. Schouhamer Immink (1946- ), Netherlands Major contributor to development of Compact Disc August Schrader, U.S. Schrader valve for Pneumatic tire David Schwarz, (18521897), Croatia, rigid ship, later called Zeppelin Marc Seguin, (17861875), France wire-cable suspension bridge Henry White Seeley, (1832-1903), US-pressing iron Sennacherib, (705681 BC), Iraq (Mesopotamia) screw pump Iwan Serrurier, (active 1920s), Netherlands/U.S. inventor of the Moviola for film editing Mark Serrurier, (190?1988), U.S. Serrurier truss for Optical telescopes Gerhard Sessler, (1931), Germany foil electret microphone, silicon microphone Guy Severin, (19262008), Russia extra-vehicular activity supporting system Leonty Shamshurenkov, (16871758), Russia first self-propelling carriage (a precursor to both bicycle and automobile), projects of an original odometer and self-propelling sledge Ibn al-Shatir, (13041375), Syria "jewel box" device which combined a compass with a universal sundial Shen Kuo, (10311095), China improved gnomon, armillary sphere, clepsydra[disambiguation needed], and sighting tube Murasaki Shikibu, (c. 9731025), Japan novel, psychological novel Pyotr Shilovsky, (1871 after 1924), Russia/United Kingdom gyrocar Fathullah Shirazi, (c. 1582), Mughal India autocannon, multi-barrel gun William Bradford Shockley, (19101989), U.S. co-inventor of transistor Henry Shrapnel, (17611842), England Shrapnel shell ammunition Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor, (b. 1972), Malaysia cell growth in outer space, crystallization of proteins and microbes in space Vladimir Shukhov, (18531939), Russia thermal cracking (Shukhov cracking process), thin-shell structure, tensile structure, hyperboloid structure, gridshell, modern oil pipeline, cylindric oil depot Augustus Siebe, (17881872), Germany/England Inventor of the standard diving dress Werner von Siemens, (18161892), Germany an electromechanical "dynamic" Sir William Siemens, (18231883), Germany regenerative furnace Al-Sijzi, (c. 9451020), Persia/Iran heliocentric astrolabe Igor Sikorsky, (18891972), Russia/U.S. first four-engine fixed-wing aircraft (Russky Vityaz), first airliner and purpose-designed bomber (Ilya Muromets), modern helicopter, Sikorsky-series helicopters Kia Silverbrook, (1958-), Australia Memjet printer, world's most prolific inventor Vladimir Simonov, (born 1935), Russia APS Underwater Assault Rifle, SPP-1 underwater pistol Charles Simonyi, (1948), Hungary Hungarian notation Ibn Sina (Avicenna), (9731037), Persia/Iran steam distillation, essential oil, pharmacopoeia, clinical pharmacology, clinical trial, randomized controlled trial, quarantine, cancer surgery, cancer therapy, pharmacotherapy, phytotherapy, Hindiba, Taxus baccata L, calcium channel blocker Isaac Singer, (18111875), U.S. sewing machine Nikolay Slavyanov, (18541897), Russia shielded metal arc welding Alexander Smakula, (19001983), Ukraine/Russia/U.S. anti-reflective coating Yefim Smolin, Russia table-glass (stakan granyonyi) Igor Spassky, (1926), Russia Sea Launch platform Elmer Ambrose Sperry, (18601930), U.S. gyroscope-guided automatic pilot Ladislas Starevich, (18821965), Russia/France puppet animation, live-action/animated film Boris Stechkin, (18911969), Russia co-developer of Sikorsky Ilya Muromets and Tsar Tank, developer of Soviet heat and aircraft engines George Stephenson, (17811848), England steam railway Simon Stevin, (15481620), Netherlands land yacht Reverend Dr Robert Stirling (17901878), Scotland Stirling engine Aurel Stodola, (18591942), Slovakia gas turbines Aleksandr Stoletov, (18391896), Russia first solar cell based on the outer photoelectric effect Levi Strauss, (18291902), U.S. blue jeans John Stringfellow, (17991883), England airplane Almon Strowger, (18391902), U.S. automatic telephone exchange Su Song, (10201101), China first chain drive Pavel Sukhoi, (18951975), Russia Su-series fighter aircraft Simon Sunatori, (1959), Canada inventor of MagneScribe and Magic Spicer Sushruta, (600 BC), Vedic India inventor of Platic Surgery, Cataract Surgery, Rhinoplasty Joseph Swan, (18281914), England Incandescent light bulb Percy Spencer, (18941970), U.S. microwave oven Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi (Azophi), (903986), Persia/Iran timekeeping astrolabe, navigational astrolabe, surveying astrolabe Robert Swanson, (19051994), Canada - Invented and developed the first multi-chime air horn for use with diesel locomotives Andrei Sychra, (1773-76 1850), Lithuania/Russia, Czech descent - Russian seven-string guitar Vladimir Syromyatnikov, (19332006), Russia - Androgynous Peripheral Attach System and other spacecraft docking mechanisms Leσ Szilαrd, (18981964), Hungary/U.S. Co-developed the atomic bomb, patented the nuclear reactor, catalyst of the Manhattan Project [edit]T Salih Tahtawi, (fl.16591660), Mughal India seamless globe and celestial globe Igor Tamm, (18951971), Russia co-developer of tokamak Taqi al-Din, (15261585), Syria/Egypt/Turkey steam turbine, six-cylinder 'Monobloc' suction pump, framed sextant Mardi bin Ali al-Tarsusi, (c. 1187), Middle East counterweight trebuchet, mangonel Bernard Tellegen, (19001990), Netherlands pentode Edward Teller, (19082003), Hungary hydrogen bomb Nikola Tesla, (18561943), Croatian Serb, citizenship:Austrian Empire (pre-1891), American (post-1891) Tesla Coil, induction motor, wireless communication Lιon Theremin, (18961993), Russia theremin, interlace, burglar alarm, terpsitone, Rhythmicon (first drum machine), The Thing (listening device) Charles Xavier Thomas de Colmar, (17851870), France Arithmometer Eric Tigerstedt, (18871925), Finland triode vacuum tube Kalman Tihanyi, (18971947), Hungary co-inventor of cathode ray tube and iconoscope Mikhail Tikhonravov, (19001974), Russia co-developer of Sputnik 1 (the first artificial satellite) together with Korolyov and Keldysh, designer of further Sputniks Gavriil Adrianovich Tikhov, (18751960), Russia feathering spectrograph Benjamin Chew Tilghman, (18211897), U.S. sandblasting Tipu Sultan, (17501799), India iron-cased rocket Fedor Tokarev, (18711968), Russia TT-33 semiautomatic handgun and SVT-40 self-loading rifle Evangelista Torricelli, (16081647), Italy barometer Alfred Traeger, (18951980), Australia the pedal radio Richard Trevithick, (17711833), England high-pressure steam engine, first full-scale steam locomotive Franc Trkman, (19031978), Slovenia electrical switches, accessories for opening windows Yuri Trutnev, (1927), Russia co-developer of the Tsar Bomb Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, (18571935), Russia spaceflight Mikhail Tsvet, (18721919), Russia chromatography (specifically adsorption chromatography, the first chromatography method) Ibn Tufail, (c. 11051185), Islamic Spain philosophical novel Alexei Tupolev, (19252001), Russia the Tupolev Tu-144 (first supersonic passenger jet) Andrei Tupolev, (18881972), Russia turboprop powered long-range airliner (Tupolev Tu-114), turboprop strategic bomber (Tupolev Tu-95) Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī, (12011274), Persia/Iran observatory, research institute Sharaf al-Dīn al-Tūsī, (11351213), Persia/Iran linear astrolabe [edit]U Lewis Urry, (19272004), Canada long-lasting alkaline battery Vladimir Utkin, (19232000), Russia railcar-launched ICBM (RT-23 Molodets) [edit]V Vladimir Sergeyevich Vakhmistrov, (18971972), Russia first bomber with a parasite aircraft (Zveno project) Theophilus Van Kannel, (18411919), United States revolving door (1888) Viktor Vasnetsov, (18481926), Russia budenovka military hat Vladimir Veksler, (19071966), Russia synchrophasotron, co-inventor of synchrotron John Venn, (18341923), England - Venn diagram (1881) Pierre Vernier, (15801637), France - vernier scale (1631) Dmitry Vinogradov, (c.17205 - 1758), Russia original Russian hard-paste porcelain (together with Mikhail Lomonosov) Louis R. Vitullo, (1924?2006), United States developed the first sexual assault evidence kit Alessandro Volta, (17451827), Italy battery Faust Vrančić, (15511617), Croatia parachute Traian Vuia, (18721950), Romania designed, built, and tested one of the earlier aircraft in 1906. Vuia reportedly flew to a height of 1 Meter and was able to stay aloft for 20 Meters. Ivan Vyrodkov, (? 1563-64), Russia battery tower [edit]W Paul Walden, (18631957), Latvia/Russia/Germany Walden inversion, Ethylammonium nitrate (the first room temperature ionic liquid) Barnes Wallis, (18871979), England bouncing bomb Robert Watson-Watt, (18921973), Scotland microwave radar James Watt, (17361819), Scotland improved Steam engine Thomas Wedgwood, (17711805), England first (not permanent) photograph Jonas Wenstrφm, (18551893), Sweden three-phase electrical power George Westinghouse, (18461914), U.S. Air brake (rail) Charles Wheatstone, (18021875), England concertina, stereoscope, microphone, Playfair cipher Eli Whitney, (17651825), U.S. the cotton gin Frank Whittle, (19071996), England co-inventor of the jet engine Otto Wichterle, (19131989), Czechoslovakia invented modern contact lenses Paul Winchell, (19222005), U.S. the artificial heart A. Baldwin Wood, (18791956), U.S. high volume pump Granville Woods, (18561910), U.S. the Synchronous Multiplex Railway Telegraph Wright brothers, Orville (18711948) and Wilbur (18671912) U.S. powered airplane Arthur Wynne, (18621945), England creator of crossword puzzle [edit]Y Pavel Yablochkov, (18471894), Russia Yablochkov candle (first commercially viable electric carbon arc lamp) Hidetsugu Yagi, (18861976), Japan Yagi antenna Alexander Yakovlev, (19061989), Russia Yak-series aircraft, including Yakovlev Yak-40 (the first regional jet) Khalid ibn Yazid, (635-704), Syria/Egypt potassium nitrate Yi Xing, (683-727), China astronomical clock Gazi Yasargil, (1925- ), Turkey Microneurosurgery Arthur M. Young, (19051995), U.S. the Bell Helicopter Vladimir Yourkevitch, (18851964), Russia/France/U.S. modern ship hull design Sergei Yudin, (18911954), Russia cadaveric blood transfusion and other medical operations Muhammad Yunus, (b. 1940), Bangladesh microcredit, microfinance Abu Yaqub Yusuf, (c. 1274), Morocco/Spain siege cannon Linus Yale, Jr., (18211868), U.S. cylinder lock Linus Yale, Sr., (17971858), U.S. pin tumbler lock [edit]Z Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis), (9361013), Islamic Spain catgut surgical suture, various surgical instruments and dental devices Alexander Zalmanov, (18751965), Russia turpentine bath Ludwik Łazarz Zamenhof, (18591917) Russia/Poland Esperanto Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī (Arzachel), (10281087), Islamic Spain almanac, equatorium, universal astrolabe Yevgeny Zavoisky, (19071976), Russia EPR spectroscopy, co-developer of NMR spectroscopy Nikolay Zelinsky, (18611953), Russia the first effective filtering coal gas mask in the world Zhang Heng, (78139), China invented the first hydraulic-powered armillary sphere Zheng He, (13711433), China treasure ship Nikolai Zhukovsky, (18471921), Russia an early wind tunnel, co-developer of the Tsar Tank Ziryab, (789857), Iraq/Syria/Tunisia/Spain bangs, beauty parlour, cosmetology school, chemical depilatory, toothpaste, under-arm deodorant, three-course meal Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar), (10911161), Islamic Spain general anaesthesia, general anaesthetic, oral anesthesia, inhalational anaesthetic, narcotic-soaked sponge, tracheotomy, parasitology, pharmacopoeia Konrad Zuse, (22 June 191018 December 1995), Germany invented the first Computer (Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4) Vasily Zvyozdochkin, (18761956), Russia matryoshka doll (together with Sergey Malyutin) Vladimir Zworykin, (18891982), Russia/U.S. Iconoscope, kinescope. |
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Armghaan (Wednesday, February 23, 2011), madiha alvi (Tuesday, September 10, 2013) |
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Notable Inventions and Discoveries
Date Invention Or Discovery Inventor Or Discoverer Nationality
1250 Magnifying glass Roger Bacon English 1450 Printing press Johann Gutenberg German 1504 Pocket watch Peter Henlein German 1590 Compound microscope Zacharias Janssen Dutch 1593 Water thermometer Galileo Italian 1608 Telescope Hans Lippershey Dutch 1625 Blood transfusion Jean-Baptiste Denys French 1629 Steam turbine Giovanni Branca Italian 1642 Adding machine Blaise Pascal French 1643 Barometer Evangelista Torricelli Italian 1650 Air pump Otto von Guericke German 1656 Pendulum clock Christiaan Huygens Dutch 1661 Methanol Robert Boyle Irish 1668 Reflecting telescope Isaac Newton English 1671 Calculating machine Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz German 1698 Steam pump Thomas Savery English 1701 Seed drill Jethro Tull English To Be Continued....
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"When God Want to Humiliate A Person then He Almighty Deprive him of Knowledge" Hazrat Ali A.S |
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Famous Discoveries/Inventions....
1710 Piano Bartolomeo Cristofori Italian
1712 Steam engine Thomas Newcomen British 1714 Mercury thermometer Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit German 1717 Diving bell Edmund Halley English 1725 Stereotyping William Ged Scottish 1745 Leyden jar (condenser) E.G. von Kleist German 1752 Lightning rod Benjamin Franklin American 1758 Achromatic lens John Dollond British 1759 Marine chronometer John Harrison British 1764 Spinning jenny James Hargreaves British 1769 Spinning frame R. Arkwright English 1769 Steam engine (with separate condenser) James Watt British 1769 Automobile Nicholas-Joseph Cugnot French 1775 Submarine David Bushnell American 1780 Steel pen Samuel Harrison English 1780 Bifocal lens Benjamin Franklin American 1783 Balloon Joseph Michel Montgolfier and French Jacques Ιtienne Montgolfier 1784 Threshing machine Andrew Meikle British 1785 Power loom Edmund Cartwright British 1786 Steamboat John Fitch American 1788 Flyball governor James Watt British 1791 Gas turbine John Barber British 1792 Illuminating gas William Murdock Scottish 1793 Cotton gin Eli Whitney American 1795 Hydraulic press Joseph Bramah English 1796 Lithography Aloys Senefelder German 1796 Smallpox vaccination Edward Jenner British 1799 Fourdrinier machine (papermaking) Louis Robert French 1800 Jacquard loom Joseph Marie Jacquard French 1800 Electric battery Count Alessandro Volta Italian 1801 Pattern loom Joseph Marie Jacquard French 1804 Screw propeller John Stevens American 1804 Solid-fuel rocket William Congreve British 1804 Steam locomotive Richard Trevithick British 1805 Electroplating Luigi Gasparo Brugnatelli Italian 1810 Food preservation (by sterilization and exclusion of air) Franηois Appert French 1810 Printing press Frederick Koenig German 1814 Railroad locomotive George Stephenson British 1815 Safety lamp Sir Humphry Davy British 1816 Bicycle (no pedals) Karl D. Sauerbronn German 1819 Stethoscope Renι-Thιophile-Hyacinthe Laλnnec French 1820 Hygrometer J.F. Daniell English 1820 Galvanometer Johann Salomo Cristoph Schweigger German 1821 Electric motor Michael Faraday British 1823 Silicon Jφns Jakob Berzelius Swedish 1823 Electromagnet William Sturgeon British 1824 Portland cement Joseph Aspdin British 1827 Friction match John Walker British 1829 Typewriter1 W.A. Burt American 1829 Braille printing Louis Braille French 1830 Platform scales Thaddeus Fairbanks American 1830 Sewing machine Barthιlemy Thimonnier French 1831 Phosphorus match Charles Sauria French 1831 Reaper Cyrus Hall McCormick American 1831 Dynamo Michael Faraday British 1834 Electric streetcar Thomas Davenport American 1835 Pistol (revolver) Samuel Colt American 1837 Telegraph Samuel Finley Breese Morse American Sir Charles Wheatstone British 1838 Morse code Samuel Finley Breese Morse American 1839 Photography Louis Jacques Mandι Daguerre and French Joseph Nicιphore Niepce William Henry Fox Talbot British 1839 Vulcanized rubber Charles Goodyear American 1839 Steam hammer James Nasmyth Scottish 1839 Bicycle (with pedals) Kirkpatrick MacMillan British 1845 Pneumatic tire Robert William Thompson American 1846 Rotary printing press Richard March Hoe American 1846 Nitroglycerin Ascanio Sobrero Italian 1846 Guncotton Christian Friedrich Schφnbein German 1846 Ether Crawford Williamson Long American 1849 Reinforced concrete F.J. Monier French 1849 Safety pin Walter Hunt American 1849 Water turbine James Bicheno Francis American 1850 Mercerized cotton John Mercer British 1851 Breech-loading rifle Edward Maynard American 1851 Opthalmoscope Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz German 1852 Nonrigid airship Henri Giffard French 1852 Elevator (with brake) Elisha Graves Otis American 1852 Gyroscope Jean Bernard Lιon Foucault French 1855 Hypodermic syringe Alexander Wood Scottish 1855 Safety matches J.E. Lundstrom Swedish 1856 Bessemer converter (steel) Sir Henry Bessemer British 1858 Harvester Charles and William Marsh American 1859 Spectroscope Gustav Robert Kirchhoff and German Robert Wilhelm Bunsen 1860 Gas engine Jean-Joseph-Ιtienne Lenoir French 1861 Web-fed newspaper printing press Richard March Hoe American 1861 Electric furnace Wilhelm Siemens British 1861 Machine gun Richard Jordan Gatling American 1861 Kinematoscope Coleman Sellers American 1865 Antiseptic surgery Joseph Lister English 1866 Paper (from wood pulp, sulfite process) Benjamin Chew Tilghman American 1866 Dynamite Alfred Bernhard Nobel Swedish 1868 Dry cell Georges Leclanchι French 1868 Typewriter Carlos Glidden and American Christopher Latham Sholes 1868 Air brake George Westinghouse American 1870 Celluloid John Wesley Hyatt and Isaiah Hyatt American 1871 Continuous current dynamo Zιnobe-Thιophile Gramme Belgian 1874 Quadruplex telegraph Thomas Alva Edison American 1876 Telephone2 Alexander Graham Bell American Antonio Meucci Italian 1877 Internal-combustion engine (four-cycle) Nikolaus August Otto German 1877 Talking machine (phonograph) Thomas Alva Edison American 1877 Microphone Emile Berliner American 1877 Electric welding Elihu Thomson American 1877 Refrigerator car G.F. Swift American 1878 Cream separator Carl Gustav de Laval Swedish 1878 Cathode ray tube Sir William Crookes British 1879 Cash register James J. Ritty American 1879 Incandescent filament lamp Thomas Alva Edison American Sir Joseph Wilson Swan British 1879 Automobile engine (two-cycle) Karl Benz German 1879 Arc lamp Charles Francis Bush American 1880 Linotype Ottmar Mergenthaler American 1884 Steam turbine C.A. Parsons English 1884 Rayon (nitrocellulose) Comte Hilaire Bernigaud de Chardonnet French 1884 Multiple-wheel steam turbine Sir Charles Algernon Parsons British 1884 Nipkow disk (mechanical television scanning device) Paul Gottlieb Nipkow German 1884 Fountain pen Lewis Edson Waterman American 1885 Graphophone (dictating machine) Chichester A. Bell and American Charles Sumner Tainter 1885 AC transformer William Stanley American 1887 Air-inflated rubber tire J.B. Dunlop Scottish 1887 Gramophone (disk records) Emile Berliner American 1887 Gas mantle Baron Carl Auer von Welsbach Austrian 1887 Mimeograph Albert Blake Dick American 1887 Monotype Tolbert Lanston American 1888 Adding machine (recording) William Seward Burroughs American 1888 Kodak camera George Eastman American 1889 Steam turbine C.G. de Laval Swedish 1890 Rayon (cuprammonium) Louis Henri Despeissis French 1891 Glider Otto Lilienthal German 1891 Motion picture camera (kinetograph) Thomas Alva Edison American William K. L. Dickson British 1891 Motion picture viewer (kinetoscope) Thomas Alva Edison American William K. L. Dickson British 1891 Synthetic rubber Sir William Augustus Tilden British 1892 AC motor Nikola Tesla American 1892 Three-color camera Frederick Eugene Ives American 1892 Rayon (viscose) Charles Frederick Cross British 1892 Vacuum bottle (Dewar flask) Sir James Dewar British 1893 Photoelectric cell Julius Elster Hans F. Geitel German 1893 Diesel engine Rudolf Diesel German 1893 Gasoline automobile Charles Edgar Duryea and American J. Frank Duryea 1894 Motion picture projection Louis Jean Lumiθre and Auguste Marie Lumiθre French Charles Francis Jenkins American 1895 X-ray Wilhelm Konrad Rφntgen German 1895 Rayon (acetate) Charles Frederick Cross British 1895 Wireless telegraph Marchese Guglielmo Marconi Italian 1896 Experimental airplane Samuel Pierpont Langley American 1898 Sensitized photographic paper Leo Hendrik Baekeland American 1900 Rigid dirigible airship Graf Ferdinand von Zeppelin German
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"When God Want to Humiliate A Person then He Almighty Deprive him of Knowledge" Hazrat Ali A.S |
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