Shah Wali Ullah

Islaw Khan · #1 Thursday, September 10, 2009

SHAH WALI ULLAH

EARLY LIFE:

The real name of Shah Wali Ulaah was Qutbuddin Bin Abdur Rahim. He was born on February 21,1702/4th of Shawal,1114 in a pious family of Delhi. He came to be known as ShahwaliUllah for his pious habits.
His father shah abdur rahim was a great scholar of his period and was fouder of Madressah Rahimyah of Delhi. Shah Abdur Rahim was among those scholars who compiled "FATAWA-i-ALAMGIRI" for Aurangzeb. Shah waliullah recieved his early education in spiritualism and mysticism from his father. He memorised the Holy Quran in his childhood. He recieved education in taseer,Hadith,metaphysics,logic and Ilmul-kalam under his father. Shah waliullah also acquired knowledge of various branches of jurisprudence.He also studied sharh-i-waqaya and hidaya and some portion of usul-i-fiqh.
After the death of his father,for twelve years,he taught at madressah rahemia. He visited Makkah,performd Hajj twice and come back to India. He died in 1763/29th of Muharram,1176.

WORKS OF SHAH WALI ULLAH

Shah waliullah wrote fifty books on mysticism and other branches of Islamic learnings whic h deals with religious, economic and political problems. The most important work of Shah waliullah was his translation of the Holy Quran into Persian language. After Shah waliuulah his two sones shah rafi uddin and Shah Abdul Qadir prepared urdu version of the Holy Quran.

Another famous work of Shah waliuulah is Hujjat-ullah-ul-baligha. It is indeed an encyclopaedia of reigious sciences.
Shah waliullah also wrote"Izalat-al-akhifa" and "khilafat-al-khulafa" in order to remove misunderstandings and hostilities and bring harmony between Shias and the Sunnis. Shah waliuulah adopted an analytical and balanced approach towards the four schools of thought. He wrote" alinsaf fi bayan sahab al ikhtilafi" in this regard.
His other books include Al-nawadar-min-al-hadis, tafhimat-i-ilahiya, aqad-al-jaiya-fi-ahkam-al-ijtihad-wa-al-taqlid.

SOCIAL AND POLITICAL CONDITIONS OF INDIA IN SHAH WALIULLAH'S TIME

When Shah waliuulah went to hijaz for his higher education and to perform hajj, there he saw a vision in which Holy Prophet(P.B.U.H) blessed him with the tidings that he would be instrumental in the organization of a section of the Muslim society.
After the death of Aurangzeb the weakness of the Muslim rulers allowed the Mughal empire to disintegrate into many independent states. The Marhatas acquired so much strength and authority that the Mughal empror became a puppet in their hands. Their influence extended to Punjab and it look very certain that they would capture the throne easily. The british under Lord Clive were slowly but steadily consolidating their position. In 1757, they succeeded in defeating Nawab-siraj-ud-dawlah in the battle of Plassey through treachry and deceit. It was under these circumstances that Shah waliullah decided to reieve past glory of the Muslims in the Sub-continent.
For this purpose he persuaded the Afghan King Ahmad shah abdali to come to the help of the Indian Muslims. Responding to this appeal Ahmad shah Abdali led a large army to India and defeated Marhatas in the third battle of Panipat in 1761. This victory blasted the Marhatas power and paved way for the revival of Islam in India.

RELIGIOUS REFORMATION

Shah waliullah during his stay in Hijaz, recieved reports of unstable and chaotic conditions in India. He was advised to stay on in Arabia which he did not accept and returned to Delhi on july 9,1732. He immediately set himself to the sacred task of spiritual consolidation of Muslim society. He prepared a few students and gave them knowledge in different branches of Islamis learnings. They were entursted with the job of imparting the knowledge to others.

Shah waliullah persuaded the Muslims to strictly follow in the footsteps of the Holy Prophet(P.B.U.H). He introduced the basic tenets of Islam to the people and urged the people to lead a simple life and avoid involvement in the luxuries of the world.
He initiated TATBIQ(integration) of the Muslim society which was on the verge of distruction. By adopting the method of Tatbiq, he introduced a liberal element and thus brought elasticity in the understanding of Islam.
Shah waliullah is truly regarded as the founder of Modern Muslim India and as such the "the father of modern Muslim India".

Thanx.

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The Following 4 Users Say Thank You to Islaw Khan For This Useful Post:
Faraz_1984 (Friday, September 11, 2009), jadoon khan (Thursday, September 10, 2009), litsoul (Thursday, September 10, 2009), maryammalik (Sunday, November 14, 2010)