pak study revision

[greenboy]

TRACE THE HISTORY OF MUSLIM CONQUEST OF PRESENT DAY PAKISTAN AREAS HIGHLIGHTING THEIR CONTRIBUTION IN TRANSFORMING CULTURE AND SOCIETY ?

Present population of pakistan is 180 million , but the history of islam is broad and wide spread , islam was never spread in the reign of 4 pious caliph , but the arabs invaders played main role in prevailing of this religion

HISTORY :GOLDEN WORDS OF YOUSAF " I SWEAR BY GOD, IA M DETERMINES TO SPEND ALL MY WEALTH IN IN IRAQ IN MY POSSESSION ,ON THIS EXPEDITION."
during the reign of ummaiyed dynasty ruled by HAJAJ BIN YOUSAF , he send his 17 year old nephew belonged from taaif valley for the north part of the subcontinent , he along his six thousand soliders all cross the persian and africa reached the coast of indus river , particularly present day pakistan .

FIRST AND EARLIER ARRIVAL OF MUSLIM

IN 711 , BIN QASIM REACHED THE VALLEY OF NARUN , this region was dominated by buddhist moanks , they conquered the area with out any resistant , conversely , some local took protection from atrocities of moanks in the region .

when muslim army was advancing towards the coastal area of indus river , raja dahir put halt in its mobility , first war fought between muslim and raja dahir , comfortably , muslim conquered the area , outstanding ability of modern weaponry and maneuvering help less raja dahir . ,muslim established its rule , local kings were replaced ,but population ,subject were free .
muhammad bin qasim was moving towards the north of sindh , including punjab specifically multan , he was called back in 750 .

GHAZNAVID DYNASTY

muslim ruled was almost limited to indus valley , arabs made huge slaves of turkish military officers , aleptagin was founder of the ghaznavid , in 977 after his death sabuktagin came to throne ,

subaktagin
subaktagin was teh first to invade khyber pakhtoon khawa to enter into sub continent , he conquered the area but soon return back to ghazni

sultan mehmud ghazni
in 995 , sultan become sat to throne ,over all from 1001 to 1025 ,he moved 17 expedition in the different area , the most famous was the soomnath , he was successfully , established rule in punab, multan and peshawar ,this dynasty ruled presest day pakistan for 150 year .

THEN CAME GHOURI DYNASTY
ghouri king shahbaud din ghouri defeated the lahore king of ghaznavid dynasty khusru malik , when he marched to cature delhi across pubjab , in this phase he faced the resistant of chouhan and rajaputs,
first battle of terrain
first battle of terrain between prithive raj and ghouri took place in 1192 , ghouri was defeated , he organized his army and " SWAER HE WILL NOT EAT UNTILL DEFEAT PRITHIVE RAJ"
this came true in 1194 when raj was defeated in the second battle of terrain , so muslim rule was expanded from modern day pakistan , khyber pakhtoon , sindh , however makran was already in muslim territory . he returned back and handede over the power to his slave qutaub ud din abik

SLAVE DYNASTY
in 1206 , slave dynasty came to throne , abailk was its ruler and trusty companion of ghour
in abaik time nasir ud din qubeecha of multan threaten ,but he was defeated , after abaik , saljook came to power and mughal dynasty .

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cultural influence of muslim

[greenboy]

cultural influence of muslim
the important aspect was the society divided into different classes ,
dominate class was brahaman , while lower class was acchot , islam spread fast due to principal of equality and the opportunities , in hindu societ , birth determined teh status and position , but the islam gives teh every citizen opportunity
to progress in life , this atracted teh lower class , muslim rulers chnaged only kings of area while subjects were free from change , every day life remain consistence ,
while brahmans , allowed to collect tax, in some muslim rulers gave ministeries , todal mal is prominent example ,

[greenboy]

Originally Posted by greenboy

cultural influence of muslim
the important aspect was the society divided into different classes ,
dominate class was brahaman , while lower class was acchot , islam spread fast due to principal of equality and the opportunities , in hindu societ , birth determined teh status and position , but the islam gives teh every citizen opportunity
to progress in life , this atracted teh lower class , muslim rulers chnaged only kings of area while subjects were free from change , every day life remain consistence ,
while brahmans , allowed to collect tax, in some muslim rulers gave ministeries , todal mal is prominent example ,

previously many peopel was turned into buddhist , but now islam is the attractive force ,

culture of tolerance , every one was give complete freedom to pray in religious places , simply , every day life comyinue with out interruption , , muslim protected teh holy places of buddhist monastery , while tempel instilled n palce ,

role of sufis

nodoubt , sufis spread the message in every breadth and length of sub continent , people were given simple message of quran , , different sufid like baba farid of pakpathan , ali hajveri of lahore ,[COLOR="Blue"],, shah hussain qasur[COLOR="Blue"] makdoom jahania bahawalpur , their message was

simple faith
mercy of ALLAH
tolerance
fellow feelings
harmony
duties and responsibilites of one men to another

nearness to ALLAH
reality of this world
. they try to accommodate and bring people in the islam religion , all this played major role in spread and prevailing of islam
,

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history or background <
Militancy in the muslim prevail due to intrusion of foreign in the culture values and the ambition of alien to ascend political ascendency in the political domination .

After capturing of delhi in 1206 by delhi sultanate , muslin only threat was hindu . it was philosophical rather than military .sufis , spread islam in length and bread of sub continent . ulemas (scholars) remain adhere to quran and shariah (islamic teaching) , in 16th century , during mughal empire , akbar introduce deen e elahi , in this main features of different faith was included. he constructed worship place in fatehpur sikri , and asked divines of every religion to meet , even he persecuated certain ulemas on allegation of obsessive attitude , muslim rule was extended in diffrent areas of sub continent in akbar reign .
alamgir , the orthodox , pious and religious ruler , purge teh society from unislamic trend , re imposition of jaziya (poll tax ) on minority , but during this time in northern india marahtas , juts and sikh wee waging loot and rob aginst local population , the center government was losing its political hegemony , while shah wali ulalh asked eth ahmed shah abdali to curb marathas , 1742 , battle of panipatt , abadli defeated marathas , but another important domension as twh influence of icompany in east bengal was enhance after battle of plassey in 175 , lord clive defeated suraj ul dullah , and 1764 battle of buxer , company imminent to the proximity of delhi , hence , thsi affects the control of mughal , shah abdul aziz , son of wali ullah , decalre indis dar ul hab (place of war )

asked teh local fighht gainst teh british , in indai islamic rule is irrelevant . moved to palce of islamic contyry to save religion , syaed ahmed shaheed started teh jihad movement tio revive islam in north indai , itsheadqyuarter was peshawar , but his movemnt regained control oh hazro , but failed to occupty and faell to victim of tribal chiefs , in 1831 , he was martydom ,another moveemnt haji shariat ulalh and titu mir (1768-1763) to accalim the control of begal this also prove miserable result

condition of muslim
muslim because of inheritance rule and conquered the india in 11 and 12 centuy , rule teh subcontinent more tahn 600 year , they were in psychological superior to hindus and their believe in achieving land through war was meet its end , the alst attempt to achieve ascendency was mutiny of 1857 , some north indain muslim , try but prove countr oroductive , these movement bring following affects

1) now muslims are the subject of british ruler
2) islami aws at the reciving end
3) british amde alliance wit the hindu
INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMNET
industrila revoluation
east indai company set manufacturing factory i bengal
new innovation in science and educatin
most important is the attack of british on muslim language amand identity , persia , arbic and ud repalced english and englsih made offical language ,

education movemnet in 19th century

sir syed savior of nation arose to the scene an open up te school in muradabd in 1859 , it aimto give education in english , persia ,arabic , islamit , on the shift in ghazipur in 1863 , he establsihed establsihed another scjoll madressah ghazipur ,
sirsyed scientific societyin1864 to tarnslate te books of english in urdu ,persia , these step to enhance te iunderstanding of comon peopleto teh west education .
in 1866 , he tshifted aliagrh and establishe dali garh institute gazette , to give views to end enmity between british and n muslim, he also wentto enhglsn , stayed 17 month and keen observed and analysusi teh west education system and extracted teh bet possilble practice to apply in sub continent .
on his return from england , he formed two organziation
committe striving for muslim education
fund committee to establish muslim colege , he was secteraty genera of both committee,
in 1875 , aligarh school and later mao college and 1920 universit , it aim to impart modern and religion education .

this institution to bridge between old and new , west and east education system in eh subcontinent , in 1886 , sir syed fouded , muhammad educational conference and 12 points to send message of teh religious and western education in the common masses , thsi was successful and great

continuee,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

[greenboy]

sir syed education movement was role model and act as motivation for muslims of other areas . in education movement mislim social , economical and education standard was raised , other prominent movements started to counter to equip with modern education and discipline , the anjum haymiat islam ,islam college peshawar , sindh medressah tul islam was distinguished examples,

anjum himat islam

it was founded in 1884 by kahlia mehmood ul hassan , dr nzir , aligarh movement played a pivotal role to education level , it also created awareness among the masses , so peole are unable to cope with the modern education , punjab was under the sikh and british domination , muslims were prohibited to take admission into hindus and christian missionaries , in 1884 notable muslims together in bakha khan masjid near mochi gate its purpose to impart education on the model of aligarh ,

main objectives
to give education (modern )
to facilitate muslim in religious education
look after orphans,
education services of began in 1884 when a primary school for girl was opened and in next year another school for boys started function , up till 1894 15 school set up in different areas ,

to cater the need of higher education , government college copper road was made in lahore , in this college english and arabic was taught , later, land was acquired near the railway road to build another college , this chain continue , civil line lahore another college was set up , in school 78 girls took admission but with time this strength touched in hundred.

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sidh madressah tul islam

sir hasn ali faandi greater admirer of sir syed , and inspired to form school on the pattern of aligarh , in karachi , a small building was constructed to give education , bolton market , this madressah began education .in modern and religious , after death of hasan afandi his son , wali took control of administration . in beginning , institution was influenced and patronage of british , british government gave some annual grant to madressah .first two principles were britisher , in 1939 , ashar ali hasan took administration , he pull out institution from foreign influence , the jinnah college , karachi was established and some land was given to it , this was the request of quaid , because he studied from this college,
islamia college peshawar

shaibzada abdul qayyum laid foundation of school , municipal high school on the foot print of aligarh,, this school school was on the pattern of aligarh , with the efforts of qayyum sahib school upgraded to college , education of natural and religious subjects was given .

basically , the efforts of sir syed to bring mind set of muslims from militancy to education was changed , due to aligrah , british was progressing in industrial revolution
british controlled all over the world and its allies

militancy was ruined , now diplomacy , education and industry was the way of progress

kindly evaluate and give suggestion in improvement .