Q1 Din I illahi was an outcome of ridiculous vanity ,a monstrous growth of unstrained autocracy :elobrate…..
Ans….
Intro….. din-i-illahi was promulgated by akber in 1582.. basically it was based on general principls of all religions ,viz islam ,jainasm, hinduisim, zorastrainism……the idea of promulgating din-i-illahi was political rather than religious … as akber had conqured whole indipakistan so he wanted to unite his nation by a single faith….
For a muslim ruler it is considered vert eccentric to set up a new religion ,many controversies rose against akber when he announced din-illahi ………different histori9ans have different views about this atep of akber ..some hold view that divine faith of monument was akber’s folly and system was outcome of his vanity …. While some says that it was not a religion, it was a political policy that was aimed to bring whole nation together….
Akber himself was a pious muslim ,who never deviated from shariat evev a inch, he believed in pirs nad fakirs and also encouraged his subjects to visit shrines …….he had respect for ulema and from his early life he was inquiost of seeking knowledge and for that reason he used to be with scholars, akber was a staunch sunni till 1575 but during assossitaion with two sufi brothers fozi, abdul fazal and their father he was influnced by them …so he odered to construct a ibadat khana at fatahpur, sirki to invite learned divines of islam because he wanted to learn authentic teachings of islam..but inspite of fading away his curiousty these scholars made him discourged by their disputes over fundamentals of islam and istead of disscsion on matters of islam they were engaged in persnol attacks.. this act of ulemas made him more curious to know about true religion….so he started to invite scholars of various religions to ibadat khana .many jeusit . chiristian ,heads of zorastrinism pandits to observe their religions he was inspiried by chrisinity but he didn’t confined his attention only towards chiristinity …at the end he concluded that all religions diffrf only in outer form their fundamentals believes are alike……so he wanted to make a single order of all… and as he was shocked at disputes of muslim ulemas so he wanted to break their orthodoxy …for that first he displaced chief imam of jama-i-masjid at fatihpur sirki and jimself read khutba.. secondly he issued a decree mchaza or emperor the supreme judge or mujtahid or imam adil..this decree was signed by leaders of muslim orthodox like mukhdum-ul-mulk and sheikh abduannabi and made him supreme judge in case ther were differences regarding interpretation of muslim law.. .. has was given religious authority over his muslims rulers ….. but he was not bigot and didn’t force his orders in case if anybody would challenge him…he took all these charges because he was compelled by the bigotry of muslims over futile issues……
Further he believed in universal toleration (sulh-kul) as he had tought a lesson of u7niversal toleration from his mother in his childhood, that may have affected him … so he never abstained hindus to perform their religious duties except some curel acts as immolation of hindu widows … moreever as a great statesman he wanted brotherhood in his whole nation so he created new order to build indopakistan a nation.. as he was a far sighted satesman so realized the importance of co-opration of hindus in body of India ..ge also realized that unless hindus were equal with muslims , the building up of a nation would be impossible and he needed support of hindus to built a powerful empire …
Conclusion …
Akber promulgated din-illahi that was an political ,philosophical, religious order that provided a common plateform for building up a common indo pak nation… it was not outcome of his vanity because being a originator of din-illahi he never claimed to b prophet of GOD ..he never forced his subjects to follow it, he just issued this order to maintain equality to all his subjects …and ignition of din-illahi was also not a monstrous growth of an unstrained autocracy…though he was a autocrat ruler yet he was good at heart and liberal towards his subjects …din-i-illahi was niethet the outcome of his vanity ,nor it was his fooly… it was his quest that ultimately end up at din illahi ,owing ti misguidience of ulemas ,and it was a wise political policy that fulfilled his hopes …







Critically examine rajput policy in eastablishment or declination of mughal dynaisty……




Akber was real founder of indopakistan …being a great statesman he took different measures to extend and straighten his empire and rajput policy was one of them… he had realized that his empire would not establish unless it is based on co-opration and good will of all his subjects….as hindus consisted yhree fourth of man-power..and rajputs constituted military class of hindu community so he realized that hindus can play very important role in building up of his empire in India and without their support he cannot be successful in his cause …so he led conciliatory policy toeards rajputs ..and with his wise policies he won the heart of hindus ,further to assure them his support he went in matrimonial alliance with rajput princess ,raja bihari mall of amber was the first raja who gave his daughter in marriage to him .this marriage has great value in history of Indopak ,as it begun a new era in Indian politics ……hindus were assured by this mirrage and his other liberal policies towards hindus made them very loyal to him..all hindu rajputs had submitted to him and were enjoying the confiedence of emperor except partap singh son of udai singh……he appointed many hindus at high posts both in civil and military ..bihari mall and his son bhagvan das were appointed to high ranks in army …raja toder mall, birbal .raja mann singh were also appointed at high posts….. at his support hindus become so loyal to him that they rendered all valueable services to his empire and they were ready to shed their blood for it …further by his religious policies he won the heart of hindus completely.. he followed universal toleration ( sulh-kukl) hindus were free to perform their religious duties , rthey were allowed to erect temples and in order to please them sometimes he himself participated in some hindu festivels .. he abolished jaziya from hindus ,forbade enslavement of prisoners of war and removed taxes.. ultimately his position rose in heart of hindus they considered him as a great ruler of Hindustan and as a result hindus who were chronic enemies of muslims served their ruler devotedly… and they devoted themselves in establishment of empire ..its great example is their remarkable support in opposition of uzbegs and afghans.. rajput policy of akber became very successful that he enjoyed its fruits till his death .he build up a powerful empire that lasted for four generations of mughal empire……








Q4 the religious policy of akber was either a lesson for universal toleration or distortion of islam ?????
Ans
Akber the great ruler of indopakistan was a staunch sunni muslimn till1578 but after that owing to some reasons his mind was changed , mainly because muslim ulemas couldn’t satisfy his quist of getting right knowledge of islam ,additional to that he has always been keen on build up an empire for that he wanted to make a religion to suit his political needs and that could be accectable to his subjects professing different creeds .these circumstances led him to publicize din-illahi through which he wanted to unify indopakistan …he always believed in universal toleration for that he formed many polices by them he collected different states ,different races ,and different religions in to a whole … as hindus were man power of his empire after muslims so he provided equal rites to both to eradicate difference between them.. he connected with hindus by marriying women of their faith ., he appointed them at high posts of his state ,he allowed them for worship and he abolished jaziya from them , he forbade enslavement of prisoners of war in short he was very liberal towards hindus to such extent that he promulgated a single order of religios faith for both hindus and muslims …that meant message of peace with all (sull-kull) …it was great example of universal toleration for a muslim ruler that he issued a new religion for removing difference between his subjects ……but at the other side he avoided the value of islam and discourged muslims by promulgating din-illahi … thouh he never forced hindus or muslims to act upon this new order and being a pioneer of this order he never claimed to be a propht and it is said that he was a muslim until his death yet promulgating of another religion was an obnixous act for a muslim ruler …..but it is also said that that din illahi was not a religion it was only a political order because it had no book. No priesthood and pracitically no religious belifs it was a political order that he issued to unify hindus and muslims… din illahi had positive political impacts on his empire as it was based on universal toleration but through the Islamic point of view it contained dogmas against teachings of islam and being a muslim ruler it was his duty to save islam ..thouhg he did not destroyed islam intentionally as he was accused by some historians who describes that akber showed bitter hostility to the faith of his ansectors and his own youth and actually carried worst actions against islam as truning of prayer rooms into stables ,the prohibition of Islamic prayer ,the stoppage of pligrmiage to mecca .the discountinution of azan quran and hadith and shaving of beared , the exclusion of mulhas and keeping of swine and dogs in ijmperial palace …all these views are of orthodox historians in the view of modern historians aklber had not acted so ,there were not any prohibition against islam indeed he had not changed his religion yet doctorines of din-illahi were agaist islam ..as it was mixture of all religions , its new way of greeting eacg other .prohabition of meat .sacredness of fire or other thigs were totally against islam …akber in order to up hold political conditions could not justify with islam ……..……..








Q3 akber gave prosperity and restored peace and order due to hios polices 9 discus)
Ans
Akber the great conqueror ,ruler ,adminstretor , statesman and a real founder of mughal empire of indopakiiatsn acceded the throne in 1556 .only in age of 13 years .. after his succession bariam khan supported him as a regent and hardly did he retire bairam khan when he remained under influence of his foster mother maham anga nad his foster relatives …but after their fall he took the charge of government fully in his own hands…
When he had succeed the throne the state was in great disorder ,his father humayun had left disorganized and and unconsolidated empire …according to doc v’a simith he could not be said to possess any kingdom …up to up there were many plaintiffs to the throne the two sur princes ,ibrahim sur nad sikander sur were challenging the throne but the most powerful of all was himu. The hindu minister of adil shah . who succeed in occupying dilhi bad agra and ascended throne … Kabul was under sway of akber’s brother while Bengal, malwa, gujrat ,ganadwa, orrisa , kahsmir sindh ,balchochastan and deccan were independent and rajputs were so powerful in their castles ,the proyuguese had their rule on western sea-coast and their supremacy in arabian sea and Persian gulf caused trouble to muslims going for pilligrimage to mecca.,.
In such hazardous conditions of kingdom bariam khan saved his kingdom by deafting himu in the battle of panipat in 1556…then hindus power was devastated … after that akber defeated sur princes as akber grown up he retired bariam khan and took the charge of government fully in his own hands … he suppressed rebellions , conquered one province after another and annexed them to the empire of delhi … he vanquished whole of Hindustan from bay of Bengal and from hamiliyas to narmada.. he was a great adminstretor .he never ruled his empire by force of sword ,he ruled them with respect and love …he build up such a political strecture of his empire that was for good –will nad co-oprationn of all his subjects … he was a graet reformer … his reforms were only for the prosperity and betterment of his subjctes … to mentain perfect religious freedom he abolished jaziya from his hindu subjects and pilgrimage taxes … to mentain peace and a healthy environment in his empire he prohabbited some curel laws as sati, child marriages ,enslaving of prisoners of war ..and he introduced an elobrate system of land revenue that was very beneficial for cultivetrs .taht enhanced productivity and ultimately benefited to hos empire … further he spreaded education nad mentained law and order in his state … up to up for military he made such reforms by whish monstrous activities could be avoided ……besides akber had realized the value of hindus for eastiblishment of his empire because rajuputs belonged to military class of hindu society , so he proceeded concilitry policy towards rajputs , and by his wise policies he got the sub,ission of rajput rajas except partap singh…. In won their hearts to such a an extent that hindus rendere all valueable services to his empire and they were ready to shed their blood for it…moreever in order to remove difference from his hindu and muslim subjects he followed religious policy of universal toleration nad he promulgated din illahi ,though din illahi was not liked bu his muslim subjects yet it became helpful to build up a powerful empire in indipakistan … akber was man of courge aimable polite intelligent and by his wise policies he expanded his empire from a small kingdom to a powerful empire ,he stands unrivalled in the history of mugals. He welded different races of people who were fanatic enemies of oneother, as a whole from his policies he became a greatest rules of world….

Your notes are very good g,,,xcpt some spelling mistakes in it xlolx...
Anywayz truly speaking u had done a marvellous job by preparing theze notes but there z a flaw in theze notez. U had omitted datez in them n lemme tell u here that dates are most important in history even though they are approximate dates . As a student of history ure supposed to know dates and chronology to score high in examz. So keep it in mynd for future..

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"To live, to err, to fall, to triumph, to recreate life out of life"........Sahir an Enigma.......

@Sahir Khan
Avoid use of "Netspeak" or other "cute" grammar or spelling (like 'u' instead of 'you', 'r' instead of 'are', 'wid' instead of 'with')
See forum rule # 11

improve your english,these notes have so many spelling mistakes that i can't count and you have to write more on din i ilahi ,and rajput policy..

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