The Shannon-Weaver Model:
Claude Shannon was a research scientist at Bell Telephone Company trying to achieve maximum telephone line capacity with minimum distortion. He had never intended for his mathematical theory of signal transmission for anything but telephones. But when Warren Weaver applied Shannon's concept of information loss to interpersonal communication, one of the most popular models of communication was created.

According to Shannon and Weaver's model, a message begins at an information source, which is relayed through a transmitter, and then sent via a signal towards the receiver. But before it reaches the receiver, the message must go through noise .Finally, the receiver must convey the message to its destination. The Shannon–Weaver model of communication has been called the "mother of all models.It embodies the concepts of information source, message, transmitter, signal, channel, noise, receiver, information destination, probability of error, coding, decoding, information rate, channel capacity, etc

he Shannon-Weaver Model (1947) proposes that all communication must include six elements:
1. a source
2. an encoder
3. a message
4. a channel
5. a decoder
6. a receiver
These six elements are shown graphically in the model. As Shannon was researching in the field of information theory, his model was initially very technology-oriented. The emphasis here is very much on the transmission and reception of information. 'Information' is understood rather differently from the way you and I would normally use the term, as well. This model is often referred to as an 'information model' of communication.


The term Shannon–Weaver model was widely adopted into the social science fields, such as education, organizational analysis, psychology, etc. In engineering and mathematics fields, Shannon's theory is used more literally, and referred to by his name alone, as Shannon theory, or as information theory,since the popularized model of Weaver is not needed to utilize Shannon's mathematical results

Wilbur Schramm's communication model:
Wilbur Schramm (1907-1987) is sometimes called the "father of communication studies," and had a great influence on the development of communication research in the United States, and the establishing of departments of communication studies in US universities.


Wilbur Schramm (1954) was one of the first to alter the mathematical model of Shannon and Weaver. He conceived of decoding and encoding as activities maintained simultaneously by sender and receiver; he also made provisions for a two-way interchange of messages. Notice also the inclusion of an “interpreter” as an abstract representation of the problem of meaning

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Then let these shivers go on fire...
And these screams go blind...
And you go sore in the eyes your life is an abyss...
Where your shadow reached before You.

Lasswell communication model:


The Message
Being concerned with the mass media, Lasswell was particularly concerned with the messages present in the media. This relates to an area of study known as content research. Typically, content research is applied to questions of representation.

The Channel
The channel is what carries the message. If someone speaks to you my words are carried via the channel of air waves, the radio news is carried by both air waves and radio waves. I could tap out a message on the back of your head in Morse Code, in which case the channel is touch. In simple terms, messages can be sent in channels corresponding to your five senses.

This use of the word 'channel' is similar to the use of the word medium when we talk about communication. The words are sometimes used interchangeably. However, strictly speaking, we often use the word medium to refer to a combination of different channels. Television for example uses both the auditory channel (sound) and visual channel (sight).





The Receiver
Sender, source or transmitter refers to the Communicator. This whole question of audience is vitally important to successful communication.

Effects
Lasswell's model also introduces us to the question of media effects. We don't communicate in a vacuum. We normally communicate because we want to achieve something.

Feedback
To find out what kind of effect our communication has, use feedback from you to gauge the effect of my communication. If you give me positive feedback by showing interest, I'll continue in the same vein; if you give me negative feedback by showing boredom, I'll change the subject, or change my style, or stop speaking. When broadcasters transmit a programme, they use the services of BARB to gain feedback in the form of ratings.

Feedback is not shown specifically in Lasswell's formula, but very many communication models do show it. A simple one which does so is the Shannon-Weaver Model.

__________________
Then let these shivers go on fire...
And these screams go blind...
And you go sore in the eyes your life is an abyss...
Where your shadow reached before You.

@ C. T. Straight
Thanx a lot for the info
Are ther any other models of communication? If there are plz share. thanx

David Berlo's communication Model

The simplest and most influential message-centered model of our time came from David Berlo.


The idea of “source” was flexible enough to include oral, written, electronic, or any other kind of “symbolic” generator-of-messages.“Message” was made the central element, stressing the transmission of ideas. The model recognized that receivers were important to communication, for they were the targets.the notions of “encoding” and “decoding” emphasized the problems we all have (psycho-linguistically) in translating our own thoughts into words or other symbols and in deciphering the words or symbols of others into terms we ourselves can understand.

Westley and MacLean Communication Model:
Westley and MacLean realized that communication does not begin when one person starts to talk, but rather when a person responds selectively to his immediate physical surroundings.


Each interactant responds to his sensory experience, by abstracting out certain objects of orientation, Some items are selected for further interpretation or coding and then are transmitted to another person, who may or may not be responding to the same objects of orientation.

__________________
Then let these shivers go on fire...
And these screams go blind...
And you go sore in the eyes your life is an abyss...
Where your shadow reached before You.

there is a question in journalism 2004

Q.2 "SMRC (Berlo's ) is an obsolete model in 21st century " . Write your frank comments ?

1- Is it true ?
2- Is feedback a part of it (may be this justifies its irrelevancy in 21st century) if so then what is the prevalent model?
3- SMRC or SMCR , is there any problem in sequence ?

Please reply soon

hello friend.

It is true, David saab’s model doesn’t record the flow of communication, it is linear, from source to receiver. Feedback element is implied rather than made explicit.

Sending and receiving of message is a synchronized process in which the receiver continuously sends back its say-so or dissatisfaction after having interpreted the message. This helps the sender to alter its message. If there is no feedback, the original message may never contour hence which may distort the whole communication process.

1. true, it’s a go go go
2. Feedback is not a part of this model. It has five verbal communication skills, encoding includes: speaking and writing, decoding comprises of listening and reading and fifth is reasoning.
3. I strongly recommend you to write SMCR, because Source sends Message through a Channel to the Receiver, you know these are the clichés that one should stick to it

peace.

__________________
Then let these shivers go on fire...
And these screams go blind...
And you go sore in the eyes your life is an abyss...
Where your shadow reached before You.

I have a question, the models in this post, are these sufficient or do we need to prepare other ones as well?

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"When He decreeth a matter, He saith to it: "Be," and it is."