I came across this text in my computer and thought to share with the potential candidates of forestry:

Range Management (Grazing)

Management comprises all aspects involved in the rearing of animals including their feeding, breeding, health, housing and general husbandry. Different types of production management are:

• free gazing
• shepherded grazing
• tethered grazing
• zero grazing

Free grazing. Provided there is adequate land, free grazing allows animals to select and eat the best food available. They can select the most palatable vegetation, and their food intake is limited only by the time allowed for grazing. Labour input is low with animals let out of their enclosure in the morning and shut in again at night. The disadvantage of unsupervised grazing is that animals can also access vegetation they are not supposed to eat such as growing trees and neighbour's vegetables. Free grazing animals are also easily stolen, killed on the road or eaten by predators so losses can be high.

Shepherded grazing. This requires the highest labour input and can be a problem where labour is also required to cany out other farming and household tasks. This can be overcome by neighbours amalgamating groups of animals and taking it in turns for one person to supervise all the animals. Grazing should be of an eight-hour duration to allow adequate intake of food.

Tethered grazing. This requires little labour, but animals should be tethered on areas of good quality fodder and should be moved two or three times each day so they can have sufficient vegetation to select and eat.

Zero grazing. Also known as 'cut-and-carry', this system is quite labour intensive as enough fresh food must be cut and carried each day to provide a proper level of food intake. Household waste can also be fed under with this regime. The system requires a high level of management to ensure the animals are kept clean, well fed and well watered but it allows for much closer monitoring of animals for breeding and sickness. Keeping animals on slatted floors, which is the best method, allows them to remain drier and cleaner and greatly reduces worm infection. This system also prevents losses due to theft and predation.