Every Day Science Paper 2009
 

[B][CENTER]FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION

COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR
RECRUITMENT TO POSTS IN BPS-17 UNDER
THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, 2009

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE PAPER-I
(EVERY DAY SCIENCE)[/CENTER][/B]


[B]TIME ALLOWED:[/B]
(PART-I) 80 MINUTES MAXIMUM MARKS: 50
(PART-II) MINUTES MAXIMUM MARKS: 50

[B]NOTE:[/B]
(i) First attempt [B]PART-I (MCQ)[/B] on separate Answer Sheet which shall be taken back after 80 minutes.
[B](ii) Overwriting/cutting of the options/answers will not be given credit.[/B]

[B][CENTER]--------------------------------------------------------------------------[/CENTER][/B]

[B][CENTER]PART – I (MCQs)
(COMPULSORY)[/CENTER][/B]

[B]Q.1. Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate Box on the Answer Sheet: (50)[/B]

(1) Person with following blood group are considered to be universal recipient.

a. A+
b. B+
c. AB+
d. O+
e. None of these

(2) Study of life in outer space is known as:

a. Endobiology
b. Exobiology
c. Enterobiology
d. Neobiology
e. Micro biology

(3) The name of the common mineral salt present in seat is:

a. Calcium Oxalate
b. Potassium Sulphate
c. Sodium Chloride
d. Iron Sulphate
e. None of these

(4) Sensitive layer of the eye is:

a. Choriods
b. Sclerotic
c. Retina
d. Cornea
e. None of these

(5) Laughing gas has chemical composition of following two elements.

a. Nitrogen + Hydrogen
b. Nitrogen + Carbon
c. Nitrogen + Oxygen
d. Oxygen + Carbon
e. None of these

(6) Dr. Abdus Salam of Pakistan was one of the contributors of the unification of:

a. Electromagnetic force and gravitational force
b. Electromagnetic force and weak nuclear force
c. Gravitational force and weak nuclear force
d. Weak nuclear force and strong nuclear force
e. None of these

(7) Which triplet in DNA codes for valine:

a. CTT
b. AGU
c. CAT
d. AAT
e. None of these

(8) What is the chance of diabetic baby born to parents both heterozygous normal ?

a. Zero
b. ¼
c. ½
d. ¾
e. None of these

(9) Which of the following is not a part of Darwinism:

a. Over production
b. Natural selection
c. Inheritance for acquired characters
d. Competition for survival
e. None of these

(10) Role of biotechnology in the production of food based on:

a. Decomposition
b. Respiration
c. Digestion
d. Fermentation\
e. None of these

(11) Which form of drug abuse involves most risk of infection with the HIV (AIDS) virus:

a. Cigarette smoking
b. Using alcholo
c. Injection of heroine
d. Taking too much aspirin
e. None of these

(12) Founder of modern astronomy was:

a. Archimedes
b. William Gilbert
c. Nicolas Copernicus
d. Michael Faraday
e. None of these

(13) The instrument which measures very high temperature is:

a. Manometer
b. Thermostat
c. Chronometer
d. Pyrometer
e. None of these

(14) The science which deals with study of manners and customs of people is:

a. Ethnology
b. Morphology
c. Ethics
d. Genetics
e. None of these

(15) Chemical used to kill rats and mice are:

a. Insecticides
b. Rodenticides
c. Fungicides
d. Herbicides
e. None of these

(16) Dry ice is:

a. Methane hydrate
b. Liquid Nitrogen
c. Solid Carbon dioxide
d. Frozen Water
e. None of these

(17) Chemical name of vinegar is:

a. Sodium Nitrate b. Dilute acetic acid
c. Chloride of lime
d. Calcium
e. None of these

(18) Defeciency of following vitamin decreases hemoglobin production:

a. Biotin
b. Thiamine
c. Niacin
d. Pyridoxine
e. None of these

(19) Hygrometer is used for measuring the:

a. Speed of sound
b. Density of milk
c. Humidity of air
d. Specific gravity of liquids
e. None of these

(20) Bronze is an alloy of:

a. Copper and Zinc
b. Tin and Zinc
c. Copper and Tin
d. Iron and Zinc
e. None of these

(21) Which of the following is most elastic ?

a. Steel
b. Rubber
c. Glass
d. Sponge
e. None of these

(22) Orbital period of the planet Mercury around the sun is:

a. 88 days
b. 365 days
c. 2 years
d. 98 days
e. None of these

(23) The most splendid and the most magnificient constellation on the sky is:

a. Orion
b. Columbia
c. Canis Major
d. Taurus
e. None of these

(24) “Black holes” refer to:

a. Hole occurring in heavenly bodies
b. Bright spots on the sun
c. Collapsing objects of high density
d. Collapsing of low density
e. None of these

(25) Eugenics is the study of:

a. Altering human beings by changing their genetic components
b. People of European region
c. Different races of mankind
d. Genetic of plants
e. None of these

(26) The position of earth in its orbit, when it is at its greatest distance from the sun causing northern summer is called:

a. Aphelion
b. Perihelion
c. Perigee
d. Apogee
e. None of these

(27) Diamond is a very expensive ornament. It is composed of a single element:

a. Carbon
b. Gold
c. Silver
d. Platinum
e. None of these

(28) Which of the following layers make radio transmission possible?

a. Troposphere
b. Ionosphere
c. Mesosphere
d. Stratosphere
e. None of these

(29) Which of the following explains the reason why there is no total eclipse of the sun?

a. Size of the earth in relation to that of moon
b. Orbit of moon around earth
c. Direction of rotation of earth around sun
d. Area of the sun covered by the moon
e. None of these

(30) Television signals are converted into light signals by:

a. Optical fiber
b. Transistor
c. Decoder
d. Photo diode
e. None of these

(31) Where do most of Asteroids lie?

a. In asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter
b. In asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Venus
c. In asteroid belt between the orbits of Jupiter and Venus
d. Everywhere in the sky
e. None of these

(32) The number of spark plugs needed in a diesel engine is:

a. 2
b. 3
c. 0
d. 4
e. None of these

(33) The half life of a radioactive element is 8-days. How long it take to reduce it from 10 mg to 5 mg?

a. 4 days
b. 12 days
c. 16 days
d. 8 days
e. None of these

(34) The term ‘Blue Shift’ is used to indicate:

a. Doppler effect in which an object appears bluer when it is moving towards the observer or observer is moving towards the object.
b. Turning a star from white to blue
c. In future sun would become blue
d. Black hole was blue at its start
e. None of these

(35) Kilowatt-hour is a unit of:

a. Power
b. Electric Current
c. Energy
d. Time
e. None of these

(36) Fuel used in a Fast Breeder Reactor is:

a. Uranium Oxide
b. Uranium Plutonium carbide
c. Uranium Plutonium Oxide
d. Uranium thorium Oxide
e. None of these

(37) Monsoon is caused by:

a. Seasonal reversal of winds
b. Revolution of earth
c. Movement of clouds
d. Rise in temperature
e. Rain forests

(38) Which of the following atmospheric layers help in radio communication?

a. Exosphere
b. Ionosphere
c. Troposphere
d. Stratosphere
e. Ozone layer

(39) A moderator is used in nuclear reactor in order to:

a. Accelerate the neutrons
b. Slow down the speed of the neutrons
c. Increase the number of elections
d. Decrease the number of electrons
e. None of these

(40) Sedimentary rocks are:

a. Porous
b. Hard
c. Rough
d. Brittle
e. Volcanic

(41) Which one of the following is a non-metallic mineral?

a. Manganese
b. Magnesium
c. Gypsum
d. Bauxite
e. None of these

(42) Ozone layer prevents the following radiation from entering the atmosphere:

a. Infra-red
b. Ultraviolet
c. X-rays
d. Gamma rays
e. None of these

(43) The phenomenon of Aurora Borealis, the display of red and green lights in northern hemisphere is due to radiations from:

a. Ionosphere
b. Troposphere
c. Mesosphere
d. Stratosphere
e. None of these

(44) Yeast is used in making bread because it produces:

a. Carbon dioxide
b. Sugar
c. Bacteria
d. Oxygen
e. None of these

(45) Oasis is associated with:

a. Glaciers
b. Desert
c. Islands or Last Island :)
d. Volcanoes
e. Fertile land

(46) Quartz crystal in quartz watches work on the principle called:

a. Photoelectric effect
b. Stark effect
c. Thermionic effect
d. Piezo-electric effect
e. None of these

(47) The fruits without seed, like banana, are called:

a. seedless fruits
b. parthenogenesis fruits
c. parthenocarpic fruits
d. placental fruits
e. Organic fruits

(48) Animal which captures and readily kills living animals for its food is called:

a. Parasite
b. Scavenger
c. Predator – not or moderator ;)
d. Mammal
e. None of these

(49) In a railway track, two rails are joined end to end with a gap tin between them because:

a. Steel can be saved
b. Accidents due to contraction in winter can be avoided
c. Air gaps are necessary for bearing the weight of running train
d. Accidents due to expansion in summer can be avoided
e. All of these

(50) Name the famous book of Ibn-Sina in which he discussed human physiology and medicine:

a. Al-Qanoon
b. Al-Masudi
c. New Renaissance
d. Tadhkira
e. None of these


[B][CENTER]PART – II (Subjective)[/CENTER][/B]

[B]NOTE:[/B]
(i) Attempt [B]ONLY FIVE[/B] questions from [B]PART-II[/B]. All questions carry [B]EQUAL[/B] marks.
(ii)Extra attempt of any question or any part of the attempted questions will not be considered.


[B]Q.2.[/B] Write short note on the following by giving their exact life span and contribution to the field of science (Accurate facts will be appreciated) (5x2)

(a) Umer Al Khayam
(b) Zakariya Al Razi

[B]Q.3.[/B] Differentiate between [B]ANY FIVE [/B]of the following pairs. [B](2x5)[/B]

(a) Umbra and Penumbra
(b) Heavy water and hard water
(c) Smog and Smoke
(d) Myopia and Hypropia
(e) Lava and Magma
(f) Periscope and perimeter
(g) X-rays and Gamma rays

[B]Q.4.[/B] Sun is glorious star in our sky. Write down its characteristics with reference to the following date:

(a) Distance from earth
(b) Mean distance from center of galaxy
(c) Velocity around centre of galaxy
(d) Revolution period around centre of galaxy
(e) Equatorial diameter
(f) Rotation period at the equator
(g) Core temperature
(h) Solar wind
(i) The lovely Diamond Ring effect
(j) Future of sun

[B]Q.5.[/B] Write briefly (not more than three to four senetences) about ANY FIVE of the following: [B](2x5)[/B]

(a)Allotropy
(b) Nebula
(c) Enrichment of Uranium
(d) Aqua Regia
(e) Greenhouse effect
(f) Igneous rocks

[B]Q.6.[/B] (a) Define [B]GENETIC ENGINEERING[/B]. In how many ways Genetic Engineering can be applied in different fields of life? Does it benefit society ? Discuss. [B](1+3+2)[/B]

b. What do the following abbreviations stand for? (1/2 each)

i. SONAR ii. CNS iii. PTFE iv. LDL v. SARS vi. GUT vii. BASIC viii. BTU

[B]Q.7.[/B] (a) What are [B]MINERALS[/B]? Discuss [B]ANY TWO[/B] physical properties thereof. Also mention the names of four precious minerals of high commercial value.

(b) Define the following: [B](1 each)[/B]

(a) Amphibion (b) Synchronous satellite (c) Big Dipper (d) Fermentation (e) Millennium Bug

[B]Q.8.[/B] (a) Define [B]RECEPTORS[/B] in man. Name different receptor organs in human body. Also discuss [B]ANY TWO[/B] of them briefly.

(b). Give Scientific reasons of the following: [B](1 each)[/B]

i. The dogs pant, the birds open their mouth and the elephants move rapidly their ears.
ii. The manholes covers are generally round.
iii. A geostationary satellite appears standstill to a viewer on the equator of earth.
iv. We never see birds urinating.
v. Pasteurized milk has more nourishment than the ordinary boiled milk.

[B]Q.9.[/B] (a) Highlight the similarities and differences between animals and plants. [B](3+3)[/B]

(b) Write short note on ANY TWO of the following. (2 each)

(i) Teleprinter (ii) Dengue Virus (iii) Vacuum Cleaner


[B][FONT="Comic Sans MS"][CENTER]Good Luck[/CENTER][/FONT][/B]

[COLOR=Navy][B][CENTER]Partial Solution

PART – I (MCQs)
(COMPULSORY)[/CENTER]
[/B][/COLOR]

[COLOR=Navy][B]Q.1. Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate Box on the Answer Sheet: (50)[/B][/COLOR]

(1) Person with following blood group are considered to be universal recipient.

a. A+
b. B+
c. AB+
d. O+
[B]e. None of these[/B]

[I]The AB+ group is considered to be universal recipient[/I]

(2) Study of life in outer space is known as:

a. Endobiology
[B]b. Exobiology[/B]
c. Enterobiology
d. Neobiology
e. Micro biology

(3) The name of the common mineral salt present in seat is:

a. Calcium Oxalate
b. Potassium Sulphate
c. Sodium Chloride
d. Iron Sulphate
e. None of these

(4) Sensitive layer of the eye is:

a. Choriods
b. Sclerotic
[B]c. Retina[/B]
d. Cornea
e. None of these

(5) Laughing gas has chemical composition of following two elements.

a. Nitrogen + Hydrogen
b. Nitrogen + Carbon
[B]c. Nitrogen + Oxygen[/B]
d. Oxygen + Carbon
e. None of these

(6) Dr. Abdus Salam of Pakistan was one of the contributors of the unification of:

a. Electromagnetic force and gravitational force
[B]b. Electromagnetic force and weak nuclear force[/B]
c. Gravitational force and weak nuclear force
d. Weak nuclear force and strong nuclear force
e. None of these

(7) Which triplet in DNA codes for valine:

a. CTT
b. AGU
c. CAT
d. AAT
[B]e. None of these [/B]

(8) What is the chance of diabetic baby born to parents both heterozygous normal ?

a. Zero
b. ¼
c. ½
d. ¾
e. None of these

(9) Which of the following is not a part of Darwinism:

[B]a. Over production [/B]
b. Natural selection
c. Inheritance for acquired characters
d. Competition for survival
e. None of these

(10) Role of biotechnology in the production of food based on:

a. Decomposition
b. Respiration
c. Digestion
[B]d. Fermentation[/B]
e. None of these

(11) Which form of drug abuse involves most risk of infection with the HIV (AIDS) virus:

a. Cigarette smoking
b. Using alcholo
c. Injection of heroine
d. Taking too much aspirin
e. None of these

(12) Founder of modern astronomy was:

a. Archimedes
b. William Gilbert
[B]c. Nicolas Copernicus[/B]
d. Michael Faraday
e. None of these

(13) The instrument which measures very high temperature is:

a. Manometer
b. Thermostat
c. Chronometer
[B]d. Pyrometer [/B]
e. None of these

(14) The science which deals with study of manners and customs of people is:

[B]a. Ethnology[/B] (branch of anthropology)
b. Morphology
c. Ethics
d. Genetics
e. None of these

(15) Chemical used to kill rats and mice are:

a. Insecticides
[B]b. Rodenticides[/B]
c. Fungicides
d. Herbicides
e. None of these

(16) Dry ice is:

a. Methane hydrate
b. Liquid Nitrogen
[B]c. Solid Carbon dioxide[/B]
d. Frozen Water
e. None of these

(17) Chemical name of vinegar is:

a. Sodium Nitrate
[B]b. Dilute acetic acid[/B]
c. Chloride of lime
d. Calcium
e. None of these

(18) Defeciency of following vitamin decreases hemoglobin production:

a. Biotin
b. Thiamine
c. Niacin
[B]d. Pyridoxine[/B] (known as Vitamin B6, causes anemia i.e. deficiency of hemoglobin)
e. None of these

(19) Hygrometer is used for measuring the:

a. Speed of sound
b. Density of milk
[B]c. Humidity of air[/B]
d. Specific gravity of liquids
e. None of these

(20) Bronze is an alloy of:

a. Copper and Zinc
b. Tin and Zinc
[B]c. Copper and Tin [/B]
d. Iron and Zinc
e. None of these

(21) Which of the following is most elastic ?

[B]a. Steel [/B]
b. Rubber
c. Glass
d. Sponge
e. None of these

(22) Orbital period of the planet Mercury around the sun is:

[B]a. 88 days [/B]
b. 365 days
c. 2 years
d. 98 days
e. None of these

(23) The most splendid and the most magnificient constellation on the sky is:

[B]a. Orion[/B]
b. Columbia
c. Canis Major
d. Taurus
e. None of these

(24) “Black holes” refer to:

a. Hole occurring in heavenly bodies
b. Bright spots on the sun
[B]c. Collapsing objects of high density[/B]
d. Collapsing of low density
e. None of these

(25) Eugenics is the study of:

[B]a. Altering human beings by changing their genetic components[/B] (close to the actual definition)
b. People of European region
c. Different races of mankind
d. Genetic of plants
e. None of these

[I]Eugenics: study of the possibility of racial improvement through selective breeding and other methods [/I]

(26) The position of earth in its orbit, when it is at its greatest distance from the sun causing northern summer is called:

[B]a. Aphelion[/B]
b. Perihelion
c. Perigee
d. Apogee
e. None of these

(27) Diamond is a very expensive ornament. It is composed of a single element:

[B]a. Carbon[/B]
b. Gold
c. Silver
d. Platinum
e. None of these

(28) Which of the following layers make radio transmission possible?

a. Troposphere
[B]b. Ionosphere[/B]
c. Mesosphere
d. Stratosphere
e. None of these

(29) Which of the following explains the reason why there is no total eclipse of the sun?

a. Size of the earth in relation to that of moon
b. Orbit of moon around earth
c. Direction of rotation of earth around sun[B]
d. Area of the sun covered by the moon[/B]
e. None of these

(30) Television signals are converted into light signals by:

a. Optical fiber
b. Transistor
c. Decoder
[B]d. Photo diode[/B]
e. None of these

(31) Where do most of Asteroids lie?

[B]a. In asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter[/B]
b. In asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Venus
c. In asteroid belt between the orbits of Jupiter and Venus
d. Everywhere in the sky
e. None of these

(32) The number of spark plugs needed in a diesel engine is:

a. 2
b. 3
c. 0
d. 4
[B]e. None of these[/B]

(33) The half life of a radioactive element is 8-days. How long it take to reduce it from 10 mg to 5 mg?

a. 4 days
b. 12 days
c. 16 days
[B]d. 8 days[/B]
e. None of these

(34) The term ‘Blue Shift’ is used to indicate:

[B]a. Doppler effect in which an object appears bluer when it is moving towards the observer or observer is moving towards the object.[/B]
b. Turning a star from white to blue
c. In future sun would become blue
d. Black hole was blue at its start
e. None of these

[I]The opposite is the famous red shift which indicated the universe is expanding away from us. [/I]


(35) Kilowatt-hour is a unit of:

a. Power
b. Electric Current
[B]c. Energy[/B]
d. Time
e. None of these

(36) Fuel used in a Fast Breeder Reactor is:

a. Uranium Oxide
b. Uranium Plutonium carbide
[B]c. Uranium Plutonium Oxide[/B]
d. Uranium thorium Oxide
e. None of these

FBRs usually use a mixed oxide fuel core of up to 20% plutonium dioxide (PuO2) and at least 80% uranium dioxide (UO2).

(37) Monsoon is caused by:

a. Seasonal reversal of winds
[B]b. Revolution of earth[/B]
c. Movement of clouds
d. Rise in temperature
e. Rain forests

(38) Which of the following atmospheric layers help in radio communication?

a. Exosphere
[B]b. Ionosphere[/B]
c. Troposphere
d. Stratosphere
e. Ozone layer

(39) A moderator is used in nuclear reactor in order to:

a. Accelerate the neutrons
[B]b. Slow down the speed of the neutrons[/B]
c. Increase the number of elections
d. Decrease the number of electrons
e. None of these

(40) Sedimentary rocks are:

a. Porous
b. Hard
c. Rough
d. Brittle
e. Volcanic

(41) Which one of the following is a non-metallic mineral?

a. Manganese
b. Magnesium
[B]c. Gypsum[/B]
d. Bauxite
e. None of these

(42) Ozone layer prevents the following radiation from entering the atmosphere:

a. Infra-red
[B]b. Ultraviolet[/B]
c. X-rays
d. Gamma rays
e. None of these

(43) The phenomenon of Aurora Borealis, the display of red and green lights in northern hemisphere is due to radiations from:

a. Ionosphere
b. Troposphere
c. Mesosphere
d. Stratosphere
[B]e. None of these[/B]
[I]
Radiations are originally from Magnetosphere which collide with the atoms and molecules in the upper atmosphere,however, Aurora Borealis occurs in the ionosphere[/I]

(44) Yeast is used in making bread because it produces:

[B]a. Carbon dioxide[/B] (not sure if this is the reason but yeast does produce carbon dioxide)
b. Sugar
c. Bacteria
d. Oxygen
e. None of these

(45) Oasis is associated with:

a. Glaciers
b. Desert
[B]c. Islands[/B] or Last Island :)
d. Volcanoes
e. Fertile land

(46) Quartz crystal in quartz watches work on the principle called:

a. Photoelectric effect
b. Stark effect
c. Thermionic effect
[B]d. Piezo-electric effect[/B]
e. None of these

[I][B]Piezo-electric effect[/B]
electric polarization produced in certain crystals by the application of mechanical stress. [/I]

(47) The fruits without seed, like banana, are called:

a. seedless fruits
b. parthenogenesis fruits
[B]c. parthenocarpic fruits [/B]
d. placental fruits
e. Organic fruits

[I][B]parthenocarpy[/B] (literally meaning virgin fruit) is the natural or artificially induced production of fruit without fertilization of ovules. The fruit is therefore seedless[/I]

(48) Animal which captures and readily kills living animals for its food is called:

a. Parasite
b. Scavenger
c. [B]Predator [/B]– not our moderator ;)
d. Mammal
e. None of these

(49) In a railway track, two rails are joined end to end with a gap tin between them because:

a. Steel can be saved
[B]b. Accidents due to contraction in winter can be avoided[/B]
c. Air gaps are necessary for bearing the weight of running train
[B]d. Accidents due to expansion in summer can be avoided[/B]
e. All of these

(50) Name the famous book of Ibn-Sina in which he discussed human physiology and medicine:

a. Al-Qanoon
b. Al-Masudi
c. New Renaissance
d. Tadhkira
[B]e. None of these [/B](I think it was "The Canon of Medicine")


[SIZE=3][COLOR=Navy][B][CENTER]PART – II (Subjective)[/CENTER]
[/B][/COLOR][/SIZE]

[B][COLOR=Navy]Q.3. Differentiate between ANY FIVE of the following pairs. (2x5)[/COLOR][/B]

[B](a) Umbra and Penumbra

[/B][B] Umbra - [/B]area of the shadow of an eclipse, dark center of a sunspot
[B]Penumbra - [/B]partly lighted area around any shadow

[B](b) Heavy water and hard water

Heavy Water[/B] - water with a higher average molecular weight than ordinary water, water used for cooling the core of an atomic reactor
[B]Hard Water[/B] - water containing a high concentration of minerals and calcium

[B] (c) Smog and Smoke

Smog - [/B]mixture of smoke and fog
[B]Smoke - [/B]visible vapor given off by burning material;
[B]
(d) Myopia and Hypropia

Myopia - [/B]nearsightedness, condition of the eyes in which objects that are far away cannot be seen clearly (Ophthalmology); lack of insight and forethought [B]
Hyperopia - [/B]far-sightedness, ability to see distant objects more clearly than near ones

[B] (e) Lava and Magma

Lava [/B]- molten rock expelled from a volcano; solidified volcanic rock
[B]Magma [/B]- molten rock beneath the earth's crust from which igneous rocks are formed (Geology)

[B](f) Periscope and perimeter
[/B][B]
Periscope - [/B]optical scope that allows one to see objects that are located above one's line of sight
[B]perimeter - [/B]outer boundary of a figure or area; total length of the outer boundary
[B]
(g) X-rays and Gamma rays [/B]

[B]X-Rays[/B] - High energy electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths in the range 10 to 0.1 nanometres. X-rays are extra-nuclear and have two sources: (1). A characteristic (e.g.K- or L-) X-ray photon is created and emitted when an electron drops down orbits to fill a vacancy in an innermost shell.
2). A bremsstrahlung photon is produced when a high speed positive or negative electron decelerates when passing through the electric field in the close vicinity of an atomic nucleus

[B]Gamma Rays [/B]- The wavelength of gamma rays is typically less than 10-12 metres. They differ from X-rays in that they originate in the nucleus of atoms. A gamma ray is a photon, i.e. a discrete packet of many waves


[B][COLOR=Navy]Q.4. Sun is glorious star in our sky. Write down its characteristics with reference to the following date: [/COLOR]

(a) Distance from earth

[/B]149,600,000 kilometers, or 92,960,000 miles
[B]
(b) Mean distance from center of galaxy

[/B] 26,000 light-years
[B]
(c) Velocity around centre of galaxy
[/B]
251 km/s
[B]
(d) Revolution period around centre of galaxy

[/B]225–250 million years (one Galactic year).

[B] (e) Equatorial diameter

[/B]6.955 × 10 power 8 m
This is the equatorial radius, the diameter wud be the double of that
[B]
(f) Rotation period at the equator

[/B]25.05 days

[B] (g) Core temperature
[/B]
15.7 × 10 power 6 K
[B]
(h) Solar wind[/B]

A steady stream of charged particles that boil off the sun's outer atmosphere and which stream away along magnetic field lines which lead into the interplanetary medium. It is composed of charged particles such as protons , electrons and helium nuclei.

[B](i) The lovely Diamond Ring effect[/B]

large gush of light that shows up a few seconds before and after totality during a solar eclipse (caused by the last bit of sunlight that shines through valleys on the edge of the moon);

[B](j) Future of sun [/B]

The Sun does not have enough mass to explode as a supernova. Instead, in about 5 billion years, it will enter a red giant phase, its outer layers expanding as the hydrogen fuel in the core is consumed and the core contracts and heats up. Helium fusion will begin when the core temperature reaches around 100 million kelvins and will produce carbon, entering the asymptotic giant branch phase
[COLOR=Navy]
[B]Q.5. Write briefly (not more than three to four senetences) about ANY FIVE of the following: [/B][B](2x5)[/B][/COLOR]

[B](a)Allotropy

[/B]existence of a chemical element in two or more different forms
For example, the element carbon has two common allotropes: diamond, where the carbon atoms are bonded together in a tetrahedral lattice arrangement, and graphite, where the carbon atoms are bonded together in sheets of a hexagonal lattice.

[B] (b) Nebula

[/B]an interstellar cloud of dust, hydrogen gas and plasma. It is the first stage of a star's cycle. Originally [I]nebula[/I] was a general name for any extended astronomical object, including galaxies beyond the Milky Way (some examples of the older usage survive; for example, the Andromeda Galaxy was referred to as the [I]Andromeda Nebula[/I] before galaxies were discovered by Edwin Hubble). Nebulae often form star-forming regions, such as in the Eagle Nebula
[B]
(c) Enrichment of Uranium
[/B]
Enrichment of Uranium corresponds to percent composition of uranium-235 being increased through the process of isotope separation. [I]Natural[/I] uranium is 99.284% U-238 isotope, with U-235 only constituting about 0.711 % of its weight. However, U-235 is the only isotope existing in nature (in any appreciable amount) that is fissionable by thermal neutrons.
[B]
(d) Aqua Regia

[/B][B]Aqua regia[/B] (Latin for "royal water") is a highly corrosive, fuming yellow or red solution. The mixture is formed by freshly mixing concentrated nitric acid and concentrated hydrochloric acid, usually in a volumetric ratio of one to three respectively. It is one of the few reagents that dissolves gold and platinum. It was so named because it can dissolve the so-called royal, or noble metals, although tantalum, iridium, and a few other metals are able to withstand it.
[B]
(e) Greenhouse effect

[/B]The effect produced as greenhouse gases allow incoming solar radiation to pass through the Earth's atmosphere, but prevent part of the outgoing infrared radiation from the Earth's surface and lower atmosphere from escaping into outer space. This process occurs naturally and has kept the Earth's temperature about 59 degrees F warmer than it would otherwise be. Current life on Earth could not be sustained without the natural greenhouse effect.
[B]
(f) Igneous rocks

[/B] rocks formed by solidification of cooled magma (molten rock), with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive (plutonic) rocks or on the surface as extrusive (volcanic) rocks. This magma can be derived from partial melts of pre-existing rocks in either the Earth's mantle or crust. Typically, the melting is caused by one or more of the following processes — an increase in temperature, a decrease in pressure, or a change in composition. Over 700 types of igneous rocks have been described, most of them formed beneath the surface of the Earth's crust.

[COLOR=Navy][B]Q.6.(b) What do the following abbreviations stand for? (1/2 each)[/B][/COLOR]

[B]i. SONAR
[/B][B]SO[/B]und [B]NA[/B]vigation and [B]R[/B]anging

[B]ii. CNS
[/B]Central Nervous System

[B]iii. PTFE
[/B]polytetrafluoroethylene.

[B]iv. LDL
[/B]low-density lipoprotein.

[B]v. SARS [/B]
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

[B]vi. GUT
[/B]Grand unified theory

[B]vii. BASIC
[/B]Beginner's All purpose Symbolic Instruction Code

[B]viii. BTU[/B]
British Thermal Unit

[COLOR=Navy][B]Q.7 [/B][/COLOR][COLOR=Navy][B](b) Define the following: (1 each)[/B][/COLOR]

[B](a) Amphibion [/B]

cold-blooded vertebrate animal able to live both on land and water

[B](b) Synchronous satellite [/B]

A satellite in a synchronous orbit
A synchronous orbit is one in which an orbiting object has a period equal to the average rotational period of the body being orbited.

[B](c) Big Dipper [/B]

group of seven stars (in the constellation Ursa Major)

[B](d) Fermentation [/B]

chemical conversion of organic compounds by means of enzymes; agitation, unrest

[B](e) Millennium Bug[/B]

an inability in older computing software to deal correctly with dates of 1 January 2000 or later.

[COLOR=Navy][B]Q.8. (a) Define [/B][B]RECEPTORS in man. Name different receptor organs in human body. Also discuss [/B][B]ANY TWO of them briefly.[/B]
[/COLOR]
I think it is about sensory receptors

In a sensory system, a sensory receptor is a sensory nerve ending that recognizes a stimulus in the internal or external environment of an organism.
Following are the different sensory receptors[LIST][*]Ampullae of Lorenzini respond to electric fields, salinity, and to temperature, but function primarily as electroreceptors[*]Baroreceptors respond to pressure[*]Chemoreceptors respond to chemical stimuli[*]Hydroreceptors respond to changes in humidity[*]Mechanoreceptors respond to mechanical stress or mechanical strain[*]Nociceptors respond to damage to body tissues leading to pain perception[*]Osmoreceptors respond to the osmolarity of fluids (such as in the hypothalamus)[*]Photoreceptors respond to light[*]Proprioceptors provide the sense of position[*]Thermoreceptors respond to temperature, either heat, cold or both[*]Electromagnetic Receptors's respond to electromagnetic waves[/LIST][COLOR=Navy][B](b). Give Scientific reasons of the following: (1 each)[/B][/COLOR]

[B]i. The dogs pant, the birds open their mouth and the elephants move rapidly their ears.[/B]

I think all of these do not sweat, they use the above mentioned mechanisms to cool themselves

[B]ii. The manholes covers are generally round.[/B]

It is impossible to drop a round lid into a smaller round hole.
It is because round is the only shape that if turned or flipped over, it still retains the same length across its center. If you used a square, rectangle, triangle, hexagon or any other shaped lid, it could be rotated and fall into the hole.

[I]Other reasons [/I]
A round cover can be moved by rolling it on its edge.
A round cover contains less metal than a same-sized cover of any other shape.

[B]iii. A geostationary satellite appears standstill to a viewer on the equator of earth.
[/B]
Because these satellites are in the geosynchronous orbit (an orbit around the Earth with an orbital period matching the Earth's sidereal rotation period)

Geostationary orbit is a type of geosynchronous orbit that is directly above the equator

[B]iv. We never see birds urinating.[/B]

Birds do not have a urinary bladder or external urethral opening and uric acid is excreted along with feces as a semisolid waste

[B]v. Pasteurized milk has more noureishment than the ordinary boild milk.[/B]

??


[COLOR=Navy][B]Please Note [/B][/COLOR]

I have only attempted questions with more of an objective nature

Most of the objectives that I have attempted are straight from memory and thus there may be some errors

Various sources have been used in the subjective part of the solution

Corrections are more than welcomed :))

Dear i think the universal receient is O+....its according to my thinking can any body confirm it

@ nicepunjabian
 

[QUOTE]Dear i think the universal receient is O+....its according to my thinking can any body confirm it[/QUOTE]

A person with AB blood group is universal recipient.

@ Mohsin bhai,

[QUOTE]49) In a railway track, two rails are joined end to end with a gap tin between them because:

a. Steel can be saved
b. Accidents due to contraction in winter can be avoided
c. Air gaps are necessary for bearing the weight of running train
d. Accidents due to expansion in summer can be avoided
e. All of these[/QUOTE]

i think Ans is 'e' [B]All of these[/B]

Regds

[quote=nicepunjabian]Dear i think the universal receient is O+....its according to my thinking can any body confirm it[/quote]

The blood group O+ can only receive from O+, A+, B+ and AB+
however the blood group O- is considered as the [B]universal donor[/B]

The universal recipient is the group AB. This is because both A and B antigens are present on the RBCs and are both self antigens, hence they can receive blood from all groups and are [B][I]universal recipient[/I].


[/B]@ Kamran

well brother I was not very sure so hopefully you are right .... can't really say anything

[B]v. Pasteurized milk has more noureishment than the ordinary boild milk.[/B]

"even though normal boiled milk retains some enzymes and vitamins yet it has the potential of disease causing bacteria in it .On the other hand pasteurized milk goes under certain process that destroys disease causing bacteria .So thats y Pasteurized milk is better in nourishment than ordinary milk . "

[QUOTE] The blood group O+ can only receive from O+, A+, B+ and AB+[/QUOTE]
O+ can recieve blood from O+ or O_ .and from no other group.
O+ has anti A and anti B antibodies.
O_ can only recieve blood from O_ and not from even O +.
[COLOR="blue"]O_ is a univer.donner.[/COLOR]O+ can be given to A+, B+, AB+, O+
O_ can be given to A+, B+, AB+, O+, O_, A_,B_ ,AB_
AB_ can recieve from A_, B_, AB_, O_
AB+ can recieve from A_, B_, AB_, O_, O+, A+, B+, AB+
[COLOR="Blue"]so AB+ is Univ.recepient[/COLOR]
3) The name of the common mineral salt present in seat is:

a. Calcium Oxalate
b. Potassium Sulphate
[COLOR="blue"]c. Sodium Chloride[/COLOR]d. Iron Sulphate
e. None of these

11) Which form of drug abuse involves most risk of infection with the HIV (AIDS) virus:

a. Cigarette smoking
b. Using alcholo
[COLOR="blue"]c. Injection of heroine[/COLOR]d. Taking too much aspirin
e. None of these


29) Which of the following explains the reason why there is no total eclipse of the sun?

[COLOR="blue"]a. Size of the earth in relation to that of moon [/COLOR]b. Orbit of moon around earth
c. Direction of rotation of earth around sun
d. Area of the sun covered by the moon
e. None of these

css tips
 

The answer to question 49 is expansion due to summer can be avoided because expansion has more effect than contraction.

tips
 

The answer to ibn Sina book is Al Qanun(cannon is translated in Arabic as Qanun) full name of bookKitab al Qanoun fi al Toubb

AB : universal recipient
 

[B]Blood type AB [/B]is the universal recipient because individuals who have blood type AB does not have the antibodies. They do not have the anti-A or Anti-B antibodies. They can receive all types of blood types: A,B,O,AB

I'm sure you've heard that a universal blood donor can give blood to anyone, and that a universal recipient can receive blood from anyone.

It's not true when "Whole blood" from a donor is given. Whole blood consists of red cells, white cells, platelets and other components floating in plasma. Therefore, whole blood can only be given to someone who has the exact same blood type. Giving whole blood from a "universal donor" to someone of a different blood type would cause a transfusion reaction and most likely result in death.

What the universal donor and recipient rule refers to is "packed red cells."

Current blood bank processes sort these components into their own separate bags for use when needed. The packed red cells, not whole blood, are the component that is usually administered during a blood transfusion.

source : [URL="http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_is_blood_type_AB_the_universal_recipient"]http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_is_blood_type_AB_the_universal_recipient[/URL]

[quote=dr.atifrana]O+ can recieve blood from O+ or O_ .and from no other group.
O+ has anti A and anti B antibodies.
O_ can only recieve blood from O_ and not from even O +.
[COLOR=blue]O_ is a univer.donner.[/COLOR]O+ can be given to A+, B+, AB+, O+
O_ can be given to A+, B+, AB+, O+, O_, A_,B_ ,AB_
AB_ can recieve from A_, B_, AB_, O_
AB+ can recieve from A_, B_, AB_, O_, O+, A+, B+, AB+
[COLOR=Blue]so AB+ is Univ.recepient[/COLOR]
[/quote]

Thank you for the input Dr. Rana
My source to the information were different articles from wikipedia
You can have a look at the articles at the links given below

[url]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%2B[/url]
[url]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABO_system[/url]

Answer to 43 is ionosphere as In the ionosphere, the speeding electrons collide violently with gas atoms. This gives the gas atoms energy, which causes them to release both light and more electrons. In this way, the gases of the ionosphere glow and conduct flowing electric currents into and out of the polar region.
Answer to 45 is des:D ert

[quote=lala1447]Answer to 43 is ionosphere as In the ionosphere, the speeding electrons collide violently with gas atoms. This gives the gas atoms energy, which causes them to release both light and more electrons. In this way, the gases of the ionosphere glow and conduct flowing electric currents into and out of the polar region.
Answer to 45 is des:D ert[/quote]

AoA Thank you very much Dr Noor for your valuable comments in the thread
I actually tried to answer Que 43 according to the nature of the question. The question asks that where the radiations are [B]from[/B]

and as the radiations (solar wind) are actually from the magnetosphere that is why I chose option (e) as my answer. The phenomenon however occurs in the ionosphere, I hope to learn from you if I am wrong
[INDENT](43) The phenomenon of Aurora Borealis, the display of red and green lights in northern hemisphere is [COLOR=Navy][B]due to radiations from:[/B][/COLOR]

a. Ionosphere
b. Troposphere
c. Mesosphere
d. Stratosphere
e. None of these
[/INDENT]

I think that here it is actually asked about ionosphere but language of question is very ambiguous

[QUOTE=lala1447]I think that here it is actually asked about ionosphere but language of question is very ambiguous[/QUOTE]


Thank you LALA. If your answer is correct then I got one more mark in this paper.

EDS was my worst paper I do not expect more than 60 marks in this paper. And I don't expect less than 49 marks.

Aurora Borealis
 

Above the north and south poles there is an oval region in which there is no magnetoshpere, charged particles can enter the ionosphere and excite its weaker neutral plasma. These particles excite the electrons in the neutral gas, which in turn radiate the energy as visible light at frequencies which are characteristic of the particular gas which was excited, just like flourescent lighting: "In a florescent light tube, the inside is a near vacuum," explains Patrick Newell in an article in Nature. "An electric field (the voltage from your wall socket) is applied across the ends. The electric field accelerates electrons, that then strike the small amount of gas inside, giving off light." This all happens in the ionosphere, 60-200km up.
:blink

[QUOTE=MohsinShah][COLOR=Navy][B][CENTER]Partial Solution

PART – I (MCQs)
(COMPULSORY)[/CENTER]
[/B][/COLOR]

[COLOR=Navy][B]Q.1. Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate Box on the Answer Sheet: (50)[/B][/COLOR]

(1) Person with following blood group are considered to be universal recipient.

a. A+
b. B+
[B]c. AB+ [/B]d. O+
e. None of these

(3) The name of the common mineral salt present in seat is:

a. Calcium Oxalate
b. Potassium Sulphate
[B] c. Sodium Chloride[/B] d. Iron Sulphate
e. None of these


(8) What is the chance of diabetic baby born to parents both heterozygous normal ?

a. Zero
[B]b. ¼[/B] c. ½
d. ¾
e. None of these

(11) Which form of drug abuse involves most risk of infection with the HIV (AIDS) virus:

a. Cigarette smoking
b. Using alcholo
[B]c. Injection of heroine[/B] d. Taking too much aspirin
e. None of these

(14) The science which deals with study of manners and customs of people is:

[B]a. Ethnology (Is this correct???becuase Ethics is also competing answer. By the way I marked Ethnology)[/B]
b. Morphology
c. Ethics
d. Genetics
e. None of these


(21) Which of the following is most elastic ?

[B]a. Steel (Is this correct answer? what abot plastic or sponge)[/B]
b. Rubber
c. Glass
d. Sponge
e. None of these

(33) The half life of a radioactive element is 8-days. How long it take to reduce it from 10 mg to 5 mg?

a. 4 days
b. 12 days
c. 16 days
[B]d. 8 days (Is this correct answer? Becuase I used common sense in this question and marked 8 days)[/B]
e. None of these

(37) Monsoon is caused by:

a. Seasonal reversal of winds
[B]b. Revolution of earth (Is this correct answer? what about option d or a)[/B]
c. Movement of clouds
d. Rise in temperature
e. Rain forests

(40) Sedimentary rocks are:

a. Porous
[B]b. Hard(Tuka)[/B] c. Rough
d. Brittle
e. Volcanic

(41) Which one of the following is a non-metallic mineral?

a. Manganese
b. Magnesium
[B]c. Gypsum (I gues it is bauxite)[/B]
d. Bauxite
e. None of these

(44) Yeast is used in making bread because it produces:

[B]a. Carbon dioxide[/B] (not sure if this is the reason but yeast does produce carbon dioxide)
b. Sugar
[B] c. Bacteria (Bacteria is the correct answer)[/B] d. Oxygen
e. None of these


(49) In a railway track, two rails are joined end to end with a gap tin between them because:

a. Steel can be saved
[B]b. Accidents due to contraction in winter can be avoided[/B]
c. Air gaps are necessary for bearing the weight of running train
[B]d. Accidents due to expansion in summer can be avoided[/B]
[B]e. All of these (I think all the options are right so option e should be the best one)[/B]
(50) Name the famous book of Ibn-Sina in which he discussed human physiology and medicine:

[B]a. Al-Qanoon (Al Qanoon Al tib is the correct answer, examiner has used short form the book)[/B] b. Al-Masudi
c. New Renaissance
d. Tadhkira
[B]e. None of these [/B](I think it was "The Canon of Medicine")
QUOTE]

Some corrections
 

I have made some blunders in this paper too , some of them were quite easy but in a hurry I picked the wrong choice any how there are some corrections

(3) The name of the common mineral salt present in seat is:

a. Calcium Oxalate
b. Potassium Sulphate
[B]c. Sodium Chloride[/B]
d. Iron Sulphate
e. None of these

(11) Which form of drug abuse involves most risk of infection with the HIV (AIDS) virus:

a. Cigarette smoking
b. Using alcholo
[B]c. Injection of heroine
[/B]d. Taking too much aspirin
e. None of these

(32) The number of spark plugs needed in a diesel engine is:

a. 2
b. 3
[B]c. 0
[/B]d. 4
e. None of these
[URL="http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080912105506AAom0wL"]http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080912105506AAom0wL[/URL]

Monsoon is caused by:

[B]a. Seasonal reversal of winds
[/B]b. Revolution of earth
c. Movement of clouds
d. Rise in temperature
e. Rain forests



(40) Sedimentary rocks are:

[B]a. Porous
[/B]b. Hard
c. Rough
d. Brittle
e. Volcanic

(43) The phenomenon of Aurora Borealis, the display of red and green lights in northern hemisphere is due to radiations from:

[B]a. Ionosphere
[/B]b. Troposphere
c. Mesosphere
d. Stratosphere
e. None of these

(45) Oasis is associated with:

a. Glaciers
[B]b. Desert
[/B]c. Islands
d. Volcanoes
e. Fertile land

(50) Name the famous book of Ibn-Sina in which he discussed human physiology and medicine:

[B]a. Al-Qanoon
[/B]b. Al-Masudi
c. New Renaissance
d. Tadhkira
e. None of these
[B]Yes Canon of Medicine is the English translation of | Al Qanon fi Tib |
But here only Al qanon was mentioned any how I have opted for option A
[/B]

with reference to Raz Bhai's post

(3) The name of the common mineral salt present in seat is:......

What is a "seat" first of all ??

(14) The science which deals with study of manners and customs of people is:

[QUOTE=Raz][B]a. Ethnology (Is this correct???becuase Ethics is also competing answer. By the way I marked Ethnology)[/B]
b. Morphology
c. Ethics
d. Genetics
e. None of these [/QUOTE]

[B]Ethnology
[/B]the study of the characteristics of different peoples and the differences and relationships between them.[I] (Concise oxford dictionary)[/I]
[B]
ethics[/B]
n. set of moral principles or values, principles of conduct governing an institution, or an individual

So i concluded that Ethnology is a recognized science whereas ethics is just a word in English and has not been assigned as a name to a certain science


[QUOTE=Raz](21) Which of the following is most elastic ?

[B]a. Steel (Is this correct answer? what abot plastic or sponge)[/B]
b. Rubber
c. Glass
d. Sponge
e. None of these[/QUOTE]

Well I "just went" for this answer, I don't know if it is correct or not but elasticity is defined as deforming reversibly under stress so Steel can reverse while the others i think lose their form once they are deformed


[QUOTE=Raz](33) The half life of a radioactive element is 8-days. How long it take to reduce it from 10 mg to 5 mg?

a. 4 days
b. 12 days
c. 16 days
[B]d. 8 days (Is this correct answer? Becuase I used common sense in this question and marked 8 days)[/B]
e. None of these[/QUOTE]

My answer (8 days) was derived from the following example [INDENT]"As an example, the radioactive decay of carbon-14 is exponential with a half-life of 5730 years. If you have a quantity of carbon-14, half of it (on average) will have decayed after 5730 years, regardless of how big or small the original quantity was. If you wait another 5730 years, one-quarter of the original will remain."

[/INDENT][QUOTE=Raz](37) Monsoon is caused by:

a. Seasonal reversal of winds
[B]b. Revolution of earth (Is this correct answer? what about option d or a)[/B]
c. Movement of clouds
d. Rise in temperature
e. Rain forests
[/QUOTE]

I feel like agreeing with a. Seasonal reversal of winds as the winds blow northeast in the summer and southwest in the winter

[QUOTE=Raz]
(41) Which one of the following is a non-metallic mineral?

a. Manganese
b. Magnesium
[B]c. Gypsum (I gues it is bauxite)[/B]
d. Bauxite
e. None of these[/QUOTE]


I went for Gypsum because bauxite is an ore of aluminium,and aluminium is a metal

[QUOTE=MohsinShah]with reference to Raz Bhai's post

(3) The name of the common mineral salt present in seat is:......

What is a "seat" first of all ?? It is [B]"Sweat"[/B] but not seat.




[B]Sponge vs Steel[/B]
Sponge is also elastic. I am not sure but I have marked sponge.

[quote=Raz]

It is [B]"Sweat"[/B] but not seat.

[B]Sponge vs Steel[/B]
Sponge is also elastic. I am not sure but I have marked sponge.

[/quote]


Ohhh so it was misspelled ... in the case of being "sweat" the answer is sodium chloride. It also contains smaller amounts of methylphenol :))

Let's pray that your answer sponge is right :))
I recall a joke according to the situation

Boy praying : Allah Japan ko Pakistan ka Capital bana de
Dad : Beta ye dua kiyoon mang rahay ho
Boy : Main paper main likh aaya hun Japan Pakistan ka capital hay :))

yup steel is more elastic than sponge :
[B]Elasticity is the capability of an object to return to its former shape once a load inducing strain is removed. If you were to drop a steel ball on a very hard surface, it would probably bounce higher than than rubber. If you drop it on a softer surface, because it would deform less, then the surface it is to bounce off will be the one deforming, so the bounce would be a function of the elasticity of the floor, not of the ball.

A strand of silk is indeed stronger than a steel wire of the same diameter. The reason is that metal uses metallic bounds which is not as strong as the covalent bounds in a macro-molecule like the ones in silk. This also explains why Kevlar, carbon fiber, and carbon nanotubes are also stronger than steel.

Youngs Modulus of steel is more than youngs modulus of rubber
[/B] answers.com
moonsoon is caused by reversal of winds[B]Monsoon is used to describe seasonal reversals of wind direction, caused by temperature differences between the land and sea. They occur in a number of countries around the world. However, the most well-known of these where the term is most often applied, is the Asian Monsoon[/B]

[quote=lala1447]

yup steel is more elastic than sponge :
[B]Elasticity is the capability of an object to return to its former shape once a load inducing strain is removed. If you were to drop a steel ball on a very hard surface, it would probably bounce higher than than rubber. If you drop it on a softer surface, because it would deform less, then the surface it is to bounce off will be the one deforming, so the bounce would be a function of the elasticity of the floor, not of the ball.

A strand of silk is indeed stronger than a steel wire of the same diameter. The reason is that metal uses metallic bounds which is not as strong as the covalent bounds in a macro-molecule like the ones in silk. This also explains why Kevlar, carbon fiber, and carbon nanotubes are also stronger than steel.

Youngs Modulus of steel is more than youngs modulus of rubber

[/B] [/quote]

Thanks Dr Noor ul ain :)

Sry Raz Bhai 1 number to gaya aap ka ;)

yeast is a microrganism itself it produces carbon dioxide not bacteria.

[QUOTE=MohsinShah]Thanks Dr Noor ul ain :)

Sry Raz Bhai 1 number to gaya aap ka ;)[/QUOTE]


I have already made provision for that. It has been my practice in my life when I am uncertain about any thing I park it in loss category. So I did not count any question in my expected lot of which I had uncertainty.

[B]Asslamulaikum,[/B]

[B]I wish all of you people Good luck, who appeared and solved this paper.[/B]

[B]The easiest paper I have ever seen, though MCQ's from Geology, Biology, Chemistry, Physics are all present yet very easy.[/B]
[B]I will be having the Solutions in the next post.[/B]

[B]Regards..[/B]

dear all can anyone answere me the question no 8

(8) What is the chance of diabetic baby born to parents both heterozygous normal ?

a. Zero
b. ¼
c. ½
d. ¾
e. None of these

anyone tells me why 1/4 what about option e, because question doesnt tell the history of parents parent

gud work brother,,,
 

@ Mohsin Shah


gud work brother,,,

keep it up

kindly try to post all the papers along with the solutions...

Best of luck for exams and inshallah you will clear in this attempt.

[QUOTE]dear all can anyone answere me the question no 8

(8) What is the chance of diabetic baby born to parents both heterozygous normal ?

a. Zero
b. ¼
c. ½
d. ¾
e. None of these

anyone tells me why 1/4 what about option e, because question doesnt tell the history of parents parent[/QUOTE]

Dear jtalpur, its reason is the fact that parents are ''heterozygous'' meaning each of them[parents] have one allele for the disease. so when u do the cross bw such parents the ratio comes out is 25 % or 1/4. u can understand this concept if u know how to make a cross bw traits.
Suppose a person has 't' allele for diabetes, 'T' [capital] for normal. one parent has 'Tt' and the other likewise has 'Tt' , now then cros [Tt into Tt] and make its possible subsets like this : TT, Tt, tT, tt. in this configuration u can see the letters ''tt'' stands for the disease and its ratio is 25% , therefore it is 1/4 .
hope this concept is clear enough for you.

little correction: alleles tt stands for diabetes, all others options like Tt,tT,TT, are for normal. Tt option is heterzygous normal.
regards

[quote=Dr.G.AsgharMemon]Dear jtalpur, its reason is the fact that parents are ''heterozygous'' meaning each of them[parents] have one allele for the disease. so when u do the cross bw such parents the ratio comes out is 25 % or 1/4. u can understand this concept if u know how to make a cross bw traits.
Suppose a person has 't' allele for diabetes, 'T' [capital] for normal. one parent has 'Tt' and the other likewise has 'Tt' , now then cros [Tt into Tt] and make its possible subsets like this : TT, Tt, tT, tt. in this configuration u can see the letters ''tt'' stands for the disease and its ratio is 25% , therefore it is 1/4 .
hope this concept is clear enough for you.[/quote]

Dear Dr.G.AsgharMemon

Thank you very much for the explanation, It is very understandable but the definition of "heterozygous" that I am using according to a dictionary is creating confusion for me

Can you explain that how ''heterozygous'' means that each of them[parents] have one allele for the disease ?

[B]heterozygous[/B]
containing a dissimilar pair of genes for any hereditary characteristic

[B]heterozygote[/B]
an individual having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes, and so giving rise to varying offspring

I have never been a medical student so kindly pardon my ignorance at this :))

MOHSIN the definition which u have read from dictionary is right but while solving such problems related to GENETICS we have to do the TEST CROSS which gives us probability or ratio of certain trait in next generation.

[quote=sunlight]MOHSIN the definition which u have read from dictionary is right but while solving such problems related to GENETICS we have to do the TEST CROSS which gives us probability or ratio of certain trait in next generation.[/quote]

I am fine with the test cross i.e that "T" and "t" thing
but my problem is that how does ''heterozygous'' mean that each of them[parents] have [B]one [/B]allele for the disease ?

26) The position of earth in its orbit, when it is at its greatest distance from the sun causing northern summer is called:

a. Aphelion
b. Perihelion
c. Perigee
[B]d. Apogee[/B]
e. None of these

[url]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsis[/url]

[quote=jtalpur]26) The position of earth in its orbit, when it is at its greatest distance from the sun causing northern summer is called:

a. Aphelion
b. Perihelion
c. Perigee
[B]d. Apogee[/B]
e. None of these

[URL="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsis"]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsis[/URL][/quote]

Brother Apogee and Perigee are terms referring to orbits around the [B]earth[/B] not around the sun. So moon or any other body orbiting the earth can be in apogee or in perigee

Aphelion and Perihelion are the terms referring to the orbits around the sun

This is also clear in the wikipedia article you have linked as reference (Para 3, Sentence 2) !!

[QUOTE=MohsinShah]I am fine with the test cross i.e that "T" and "t" thing
but my problem is that how does ''heterozygous'' mean that each of them[parents] have [B]one [/B]allele for the disease ?[/QUOTE]
the question statement reads like this '' heterozygous normal''
the word normal indicates that clinically the patient is not having the disease but on the other hand its genotype is not completely ''normal'' so it becomes Tt

its opposite situation will be '' homozygous normal'' meaning that the patient like in the above condition is clinically disease free and in addition both the alleles are normal or ''T'' so the genotype will be TT
so it follows that
heterozygous normal '' Tt "" no diseaes clinically,,although one disease allele is present "" t "'
homozygous normal '' TT '' no disease clinically,, and both alleles are ''normal''

words normal and diseased have been used in place of dominant and recessive for easy understanding

[QUOTE]Can you explain that how ''heterozygous'' means that each of them[parents] have one allele for the disease ?

heterozygous
containing a dissimilar pair of genes for any hereditary characteristic

heterozygote
an individual having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes, and so giving rise to varying offspring

I have never been a medical student so kindly pardon my ignorance at this [/QUOTE]
Dear MohsinShah Sahib:- heterozygous in a sense that for example one trait is color of eyes. all people have eyes, but color of eyes differ depending upon ''difference'' of allele for it. such differences are of three kinds depending upon whether or not the character shows up in progeny. 1. dominant character 2. recessive character 3. co dominant character.
expression of a gene is called showing up of its character in progeny. codominant means neither of two genes get expressed rather a different color than orginal shows up.
as far as cofusing part of your proposition is concerned ie "containing a dissimilar pair of genes for any hereditary characteristic " it is confusing because the gene is differnt and not different at the same time. not different in a sense that both genes stand for 'same character' and diffrnt in a sense that each has differnt 'say' on the same character. for color of eyes, one gene can be black coloring, the other may be blue. so they are dissimilar for the same trait.
about second part 'homozygote' part this difference is present in sex chromosomes. female contributes her 'x' chromosome ,while a male contributes either 'x' or 'y' . here xx are similar for the character, anc xy are dissimlar for the character. well, the character here is 'determination of sex' ie is it gonna be female or male respectively.
i hope its pretty much clear.
i m student of mbbs. i have read these concepts when i did my intermediates.
Thanks for posing this question.
pray for my success bro.
regards

[QUOTE]5) Laughing gas has chemical composition of following two elements.

a. Nitrogen + Hydrogen
b. Nitrogen + Carbon
c. Nitrogen + Oxygen
d. Oxygen + Carbon
e. None of these [/QUOTE]




laughing gas = nitrous oxide

chemical formula N2O.

[quote=snake]laughing gas = nitrous oxide

chemical formula N2O.[/quote]

N2O will decompose exothermically into nitrogen and oxygen, at a temperature of approximately 1300 °C

So Nitrogen and Oxygen is the right answer

(29) Which of the following explains the reason why there is no total eclipse of the sun?

a. Size of the earth in relation to that of moon
b. Orbit of moon around earth
c. Direction of rotation of earth around sun
[B]d. Area of the sun covered by the moon[/B]e. None of these

could anyone confirm me the answere of that question and what about option A because the size of the earth is bigger than moon soooo. wht will be the bst option