when wilL pakistan have sufficient power so that we dont have load shedings

dear power in pakistan is concerned, it is enough. pakistan has the world's seventh largest army, a poweful feudocracy and a powerful president.

however ur question is concerned regarding electrical power i think there will be enough power in the next year.

this may be due to new dams are being built in northern areas and many projects of solar and wind power in coastal areas of sindh.

moreover work on coal power plant in sindh province is also in pipeline and hopfully will be executed very soon.

so let us hope that loadsheding will end within a year.

It was june 2009 and i was in my final year of engineering ( working on a prototype windpower project ) when i started to dream about a loadsheding free pakistan. The situation has become worst than it ever was and it is quite unfortunate for the nation that there is not some concrete efforts to overcome the menace which has sollowed a large number of jobs from the country.
Today, once again i request the members to start some discussion about this issue bcz many of us have been the victims of this and still we are.

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Develop success from failures. Discouragement and failure are two of the surest stepping stones to success.

These all are artificial problems. They can be easily sorted out and solved.
If we'll have any honest and most sincere government then we can easily tackle on this situation.
Remember we are not seriously working on Wind energy, Coal energy and sun-light energy.

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"I have an eternal bond with my people, which armies can't break" - Z. A. Bhutto

There is a lot of corruption in this industry nothing else more. This is artificially created shortage of electricity to fill their own pockets. So in order to fulfill their materialistic desires the whole poor nation is forced to face the artificially created shortage of gas

Energy Crises in Pakistan

• Energy is important for every country to be alive. Energy consumption per capita is a key indicator of the quality of work life of the citizens
• In Pakistan energy gap has increased from 3500 MW in 2008 to 5,000 MW I October 2009
• Per capita energy consumption in Pakistan is only 15 MBTU as compared to 54 in China, 104 in Malaysia and 106 in Iran.
• Our trade deficit is roughly about 9.34 % of GDP in 2007-08 fiscal year, shortfall of electricity is one of the main factors
• Our Oil imports increased by 56 % and food imports increased by 46 % in fiscal 2008
• In this current situation with the demand increasing day by day, Pakistan cannot increase its dependence on furnace oil.

Causes of Energy Crises

• No major project undertaken by previous government: No big project was launched in Musharaff regime. Generation capacity also declined. As installed generation capacity had increased by 53 % in 1994 to 1999. (11320 MW to 17400MW) but it increased only 12 % in 1999 to 2007, 19420 MW. Even this increase was due to completion of Ghazi Brotha project which was started before Musharaff in 1990s.
• Failure to increase the generating capacity: Hydel electricity generation goes down by 60 % in winter naturally but the generation from thermal plants has also declined by 4000 MW which generated 5000 MW shortfall.
• Problem of Circular Debt: in 2007 government did not have money to pay the subsidy amount to the electricity companies due to its debts. This problem became more serious when oil prices jumped up from $100 to $147 per barrel in international market.
• Losses in Transmission and Distribution: In Pakistan the losses are over 20 % compared to 8 to 10% in other countries.
• Wastage of Energy: Industry sector uses 30 % of electricity while they can generate solar energy like China. Transport sector uses 28 % of total energy due to its poorly tuned engines.
• Domestic and Household consumption: This consumption is more then estimated as well. Now this sector uses 45 % of total electricity

Effects of Energy Crises

• Less exports due to shortfall
• Unemployment
• Many industries closed
• In 19500 MW, about 60 % are from imported oil or domestic natural gases. While only 3o % is generated by thermal plants. This reduces our foreign reserves

Solutions

• Resolving the Circular Debt Problem: Any payable amount to oil companies, Wapda, pepco or any other company should be paid on priority basis so that they can work on full efficiency.
• Building smaller Power Plants: New projects have been identified but not implemented. Some of them are a) addition of rental power plants (950 MW), b) new IPP thermal project (375 MW), c) Rehablitation of WAPDA power plants (2oo MW), d) loss reduction (80 MW). Capital cost of project should also be considered. Capital cost of 1500 MW of new plant considered to be $3 billion. On completion more electricity at price of 12 to 14 Rs per unit can be added but will not be affordable.
• New Gas Power Plants: new plants should be installed and existing should be updated. As they produce only 70 % of power as new one do.
• Update the system of transmission and Distribution
• Maga Dams: In coming 5 years hydel-thermal electricity generating capacity should be 60:40 to tackle the problem on the long run. Kalabagh dam controversy makes the situation more worse. Some non controversial projects are being delayed as well like Neelum Jehlum (969 MW), Tarbela extension (960), Suki Kinara (840), Khan dabbar (130), Allai (126) and Jinnah Hydro (96 MW).
• Autonomy to WAPDA to undertake new projects
• Exploit the coal reserves: Thar has one of the largest deposits of coal in the world. To use this will reduce dependence on imported energy. China has offered project in 2005 to generate 3000 MW at 5.8 % but it could not move forward as they were offered only 5.3 %
• Regional Gas and Oil Pipelines: Iran-Pakistan-India gas line, Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan gas pipeline can be considered. It will not only reduce the cost of energy but attract foreign financing.
• Alternative sources of energy: wind power, solar energy, bio fuel can be used as alternative energy sources.

(1 MBTU mean 1 Million British Thermal Unit, 3134 MBPTU = 1 Kilowatt hour)
(Source: World Times Magazine December 2009)

CAUSES OF CORRUPTION / RELATION
1. Relation with economic development
• Levels of economic development to effect petty bribes

2. Relation with economic liberalization
• Economic liberalization is good in a sense but leads the government to sell assets to politicians lower then market price.
• It may also facilitate corruption in the longer run if government fails to combat corruption

3. Relation with Democracy
• Democracy is least corruptive but depends upon how firmly rooted democracy is
• Opposition groups and press as a watch dog
• However, politicians buy off opponents, bribe voters and do corruption in tenders and huge projects

4. Relation with Free press
• Free press as a watch dog
• Freedom of press can be threatened by A) Persecution of journalist, B) Restricting the flow of information, C) Newspaper may be intimated, D) Imposition of strict laws
• However some journalist works like paid men of corrupts

5. Relation with Poverty
• Poverty is directly related with corruption
• Poor people have to bribe to get their legitimate rights

6. Relation with Gender
• Studies shows that A) women more likely to suffer fro corruption, B) are less corrupt then men, C) reduce level of corruption if given authority

7. Relation with low salaries
• Low irregular salaries are cause of corruption
• Most developing countries have huge number of public employees so low salaries.
• The choice for government is difficult as A) low salaries seems to encourage corruption but enable more people some kind of regular income
• B) A smaller, better paid bureaucracy may be less corrupt but huge unemployment

8. Relation with international trade
• Encourage smuggling tariff barriers are high

9. Relation with international corporations
• Present bribes to get favorable responses
• To get tenders and tax exemptions

10. Relation with Foreign Direct Investments (FDI)
• A factor of economic growth. Corruption discourages FDI

11. Relation with Offshore banking and tax havens
• Offshore banks keep the illegal money sage.
• For corrupt they offer three advantages; Customer Confidentiality, Outside the jurisdiction of mainland economies and the constitution status is ambiguous

12. Relation with Money Laundering
• Money laundering means cleaning the money and reinventing it in business as legal
• Three phases: Placement Phase, Layering Phase and Integration stage

13. Relation with International Crime
• Corruption exists wherever international crime

CONSEQUENCES OF CORRUPTION

1. Impact on growth and development

• Delays, disrupt and diverts growth and development
• Spending diverted from productive programs to big projects which increases probability of corruption

2. Impact on Poverty eradication

• Excessive government borrowing, high inflation
• Reducing poverty requires strong financial, administrative and regulatory institutions

3. Impact on Human Rights

• Corruption in all forms is itself violation of Human Rights

4. Impact on environment

• Undermines environmental protection
• Promote frauds, violate international agreements, Bypass inspection

5. Impact on private sector development

• Distort the market
• Illegitimacy of tendering process

6. Impact on development assistance and aid flows

• International donors divert donations
• However they think that despite of corruption, some money reaches the needy and they can’t do anything to stop corruption

7. Economic cost of corruption

8. Political Cost of corruption

9. Social/Cultural cost of corruption
What is CPI?

Corruption Perception Index is a league table of international corruption shows the least corrupt country at top and most at bottom (10-0) established by Transparency International in 1995. Bribe Payers Index was established in 1998. However some weaknesses are; perception that responders are accurate and representative, perception may not reflect actual, different type of surveys for different countries.
Why anti-corruption laws are not always enforced?


• No political will
• Poorly drafter laws
• Non availability of information and resources
• Enforcement requires: A) effective auditing and monitoring institutes, B) well trained police force, C) independent and honest judiciary
 HOW TO TACKLE CORRUPTIONS

• China, 2 officers of Food and Drug administration sentenced to death accused of taking bribe of $300,000 and $850,000 in 2007. Vietnam, National Assembly Standing Committee rejected removing death penalty for corruption. Russian court is to decide on death penalty after 10 years of moratorium.

• We should have a mechanism to clear mess of 63 years.

• Professional and autonomous NAB or Commission is needed.

• An international treaty like China did, is needed to extradite corrupt from other countries. China have this agreement with 25 countries but not with USA, UK and Canada.

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" O ALLAH,let your blessings come upon Muhammad PBUH and the family of Muhammad PBUH, as you have blessed Ibrahim AS and his family.
Truly,you are praiseworthy and glorious.

You mean an other dream which is more difficult than the previous one. ohh

besides, does anyone have some idea when the minister for water and power will come for his next visit to pakistan bcz i haven't seen him in news for many days.

__________________
Develop success from failures. Discouragement and failure are two of the surest stepping stones to success.