Pakistan
Official Name Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Capital Islāmābād
Area 796,095 sq km / 307,374 sq mi
People
Population (1998 estimate) 135,135,195
Ages (1998) 0-4 years 15.2%, 5-14 years 26.6%, 15-24 years 19.5%, 25-64 years 34.7%, 65+ years 4.0%
Population density (1998) 170 people per sq km / 440 people per sq mi
Urban population (1997) 35%
Current annual growth (1998) Birth rate: 34 births per 1,000 people. Death rate: 11 deaths per 1,000 people. Growth rate, including migration: 2.2%.
Projected growth Population doubling time: 32 years. Population in AD 2050: 260,247,000.
Society
Ethnic groups Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtun (Pathan), Baluchi, Muhajir people of Indian origin
Languages Urdu (official), English (commonly used), Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashto, Baluchi
Religions Sunni Muslim 77%; Shi’a Muslim 20%; Christian, Hindu, and other 3%
Occupations Labor force (1997): 47,529,000. Gender ratio (1997): 27.2% women and 72.8% men. Sectors: 52% in agriculture; 19% in industry; 30% in services. Unemployed (1995): 5.4%.
Government
Independence or founding August 14, 1947 (from the United Kingdom)
Type of government Republic
Military Military expense as share of Gross Domestic Product (GDP): 5.8% (1997). Personnel: 587,000 (1997).
Education
Education expenditure (1996) 3% of Gross National Product (GNP)
Primary school Students per teacher (1997): 42.
Literacy rate (1995) Total literacy: 38%. Female literacy: 24%. Male literacy: 50%.
Health
Life expectancy at birth (1998) All persons: 59 years. Females: 60 years. Males 58 years.
Infant mortality rate (1998) All babies: 93 deaths per 1,000 live births. Female babies: 92 deaths per 1,000 live births. Male babies: 95 deaths per 1,000 live births.
Availability of care One physician for every 1,829 people (1993). One hospital bed for every 1,455 people (1993).
Economy
Gross Domestic Product (1997) GDP: $61.7 billion. GDP per capita: $480.
Average annual inflation (1990-1997) 11.4% per year
Export trade Value of exports: $9.3 billion (1996). Main exports: Cotton, textiles, clothing, rice, leather, carpets. Main export partners: United States, Hong Kong, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, United Arab Emirates.
Import trade Value of imports: $12.1 billion (1996). Main imports: Petroleum, petroleum products, machinery, transportation equipment, vegetable oils, animal fats, chemicals. Main import partners: United States, Japan , Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, China.
Currency (1997 annual average) 1 Pakistan rupee, consisting of 100 paisas; 41 equal to US$1.
Tourism Tourist arrivals: 351,000 (1997). Tourist expenditures: $364 million (1997).
Food
Arable land Arable land: 27% of total land (1996). Arable land area per 1,000 people: 166 hectares / 411 acres (1995).
Livestock (1998) Poultry: 124 million. Cattle: 18.0 million. Goats: 48.6 million. Sheep: 32.4 million.
Fish catch (1996) 555,000 metric tons
Energy
Electricity (1997) Production: 57.6 billion kilowatt-hours. Consumption per capita: 405 kilowatt-hours.
Power sources Petroleum refineries: 3 (1998). Nuclear reactors: 1 (1997).
Communications
Electronic Radios per 1,000 people: 92 (1996). Televisions per 1,000 people: 21 (1996). Telephone lines per 1,000 people: 19 (1997).
Print (1996) Daily newspapers: 264. Newspapers in circulation per 1,000 people: 21.
Transportation
Roads and railroads Total road length: 229,934 km / 142,874 mi (1997). Share of roads that are paved: 58% (1997). Railroad track length: 8,775 km / 5,452 mi (1995).
Passenger vehicles (1997) 5.2 vehicles per 1,000 people
Environment
Protected area (1997) 4.8% of total land area
Forests Forested area: 2% (1995). Annual change in forested area: -2.88% (1990-1996).
Carbon dioxide emissions Total industrial emissions: 94.3 million metric tons (1996). Industrial emissions per capita: 0.75 metric tons (1996).