SAARC
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation

Established on
December 8, 1985

Total Members
08
Afghanistan (In April 2007, at the Association's 14th summit, Afghanistan became its eighth member)
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Maldives
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka

Observers

Australia
China
European Union
Iran
Japan
Mauritius
Myanmar (Burma)
South Korea
United States

Secretary General
Sheel Kant Sharma(India)

Annual Summit 15
August 1-3 2008 (Colombo, Sri Lanka)

Next Summit
Male , Maldives

Secretariat
Kathmandu

SCO
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

Founded in
2001

Total members

06

China
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Russia
Tajikistan
Uzbekistan

Observers

India
Iran
Mongolia
Pakistan

Secretariate
Bejing

Annual Summit

2001 People's Republic of China ----------Shanghai
2002 Russia -----------------------------Saint Petersburg
2003 Russia -----------------------------Moscow
2004 Uzbekistan -------------------------Tashkent
2005 Kazakhstan ------------------------Astana
2006 People's Republic of China ----------Shanghai
2007 Kyrgyzstan ------------------------Bishkek
2008 Tajikistan --------------------------Dushanbe
2009 Russia -----------------------------Yekaterinburg

Secretary General
Bolat Nurgaliyev

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OIC
Organisation of the Islamic Conference

Formed on
25 September 1969

official languages
Arabic, English and French.

Secretary Generals

Tunku Abdul Rahman (Malaysia): (1971-1973)
Hassan Al-Touhami (Egypt): (1974-1975)
Dr. Amadou Karim Gaye (Senegal): (1975-1979)
Habib Chatty (Tunisia): (1979-1984)
Syed Sharifuddin Pirzada (Pakistan): (1985-1988)
Dr. Hamid Algabid (Niger): (1989-1996)
Dr. Azeddine Laraki (Morocco): (1997-2000)
Dr. Abdelouahed Belkeziz (Morocco): (2001-2004)
Prof.Dr. Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu (Turkey): (2005 to present)

Members

57


Afghanistan, Islamic Republic of ---------1969 Suspended 1980 - March 1989
Algeria, People's Democratic Republic of --1969
Chad, Republic of -----------------------1969
Egypt, Arab Republic of ------------1969 Suspended May 1979 - March 1984
Guinea, Republic of ---------------------1969
Indonesia, Republic of ------------------1969
Iran, Islamic Republic of ----------------1969
Jordan, Hashemite Kingdom of ----------1969
Kuwait, State of -----------------------1969
Lebanon, Republic of --------------------1969
Libya, Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya -----1969
Malaysia -----------------------------1969
Mali, Republic of ----------------------1969
Mauritania, Islamic Republic of ----------1969
Morocco, Kingdom of -------------------1969
Niger, Republic of --------------------1969
Pakistan, Islamic Republic of -------------1969
Palestine, represented by the Palestine Liberation Organization -----1969
Saudi Arabia, Kingdom of --------------------1969
Senegal, Republic of ------------------------1969
Sudan, Republic of the ---------------------1969
Somalia ---------------------------------1969
Tunisia, Republic of -------------------------1969
Turkey, Republic of ------------------------------1969
Yemen Arab Republic -----------------------1969 From 1990 as Republic of Yemen united with People's Democratic Republic of Yemen
Bahrain, State of ------------------1970 From 2003 as Kingdom of Bahrain
Oman, Sultanate of ----------------------1970
Qatar, State of ---------------------1970
Syrian Arab Republic 1----------------------970
United Arab Emirates, State of ------------------------1970
Sierra Leone, Republic of ------------------------1972
Bangladesh, People's Republic of --------------------1974
Gabon, Republic of ----------------------1974
Gambia, Republic of the ------------------------1974
Guinea-Bissau, Republic of ---------------------1974
Uganda, Republic of ----------------------1974
Burkina Faso ---------------------------1975
Cameroon, Republic of ---------------------------1975
Comoros, Federal Islamic Republic of the ------------------1976
Iraq, Republic of -------------------------1976
Maldives, Republic of ----------------------1976
Djibouti, Republic of --------------------------1978
Benin, Republic of ----------------------------1982
Brunei Darussalam, Sultanate of ------------------------1984
Nigeria, Federal Republic of ------------------1986
Azerbaijan, Republic of ------------------------1991
Albania, Republic of------------------------- 1992
Kyrgyzstan, Republic of --------------------------1992
Tajikistan, Republic of ----------------------1992
Turkmenistan, Republic of ---------------------1992
Mozambique, Republic of ------------------1994
Kazakhstan, Republic of ------------------------1995
Uzbekistan, Republic of ----------------------1995
Suriname, Republic of 1---------------------996
Togo, Republic of --------------------1997
Guyana, Republic of -------------------1998
Côte d'Ivoire, Republic of------------------------------ 2001

Suspended or Withdrawn
Zanzibar ---------Jan 1993 Withdrew August 1993


Observer States

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Central African Republic
Northern Cyprus, Turkish Republic of (as Turkish Cypriot State) 1979 Official 2004
Thailand, Kingdom of
Russian Federation

Annual summit 14th (2008)
Senegal , Dakar (11th March 13 - March 14, 2008 )

Next Summit

Headquarters
Jeddha, Suadiarabia

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Underneath is the useful and valuable collection of the Holy Quran. The aim is to know more about the Quran with one glance.



1. How many Sura are in Holy Quran ?
114

2. How many Verses are in Holy Quran ?
6666.

3. How many dots are in Holy Quran ?
1015030.

4. How many over bar (zaber) are in Holy Quran ?
93243

5. How many under bar ( Zaer ) are in Holy Quran ?
39586

6. How many Raque are in Holy Quran ?
1000.

7. How many stop ( Waqf ) are in Holy Quran ?
5098.

8. How many Thashdeed are in Holy Quran ?
19253.

9. How many letters are in Holy Quran ?
323671

10 How many pash are in Holy Quran ?
4808.

11 How many Madd are in Holy Quran ?
1771

12 How many words are in Holy Quran ?
77701.

13 How many parts are in the Holy Quran?
30.

14 How many times is Bismillah Al-Rahmaan Al-Raheem repeated ?
114.

15 How many Sura start with Bismillah Al-Rahmaan Al-Raheem ?
113.

16 How many times is the word 'Quran' repeated in Holy Quran ?
70.

17 Which is the longest Sura of Holy Quran ?
Al-Baqarah.

18 What is the best drink mentioned in Holy Quran ?
Milk.

19 The best eatable thing in the Quran?
Honey.

20 Which is the shortest Sura of Holy Quran ?
Qauthar

21 The longest verse of Holy Quran is in which Sura?
Al-Baqarah No.282

22 The most disliked thing by the Allah that is Halal is?
Divorce

23 Which letter is used the most in Holy Quran?
Alaph

24 Which letter is used the least in Holy Quran ?
Zaa.

25 Which is the best night mentioned in Holy Quran ?
Night of Qadar.

26 Which is the best month mentioned in Holy Quran ?
Ramadan.

27 Which is the biggest animal mentioned in Holy Quran ?
Elephant.

28 Which is the smallest animal mentioned in Holy Quran ?
Mosquito

29 How many words are in the longest Sura of Holy Quran ?
25500.

30 How many words are in the smallest Sura of Holy Quran ?
42

31 Which Sura of Holy Quran is called the mother of Quran ?
Sura Alfatiha

32 How many Sura start with Alhamduallah?
5- Fatiha,Inaam, Kahf, Saba & Fatr.

33 Which Sura has the same number of verses as the number of the Holy
Quran ?
Taqveer, 114 verses.

34 How many Sura's name is only one letter ?
Three, Qaf, Sad & Noon.

35 How many Sura's start with word " Inna " ?
Four sura - Fatha, Nuh,Qadr, Qausar.

36 Which Sura has the number of its verses equal to the number of
Masumeen ?
Saf, 14 verses.

37 Which sura are called Musabbahat ?
Esra, Hadeed, Hsar, Juma, Taghabun & Aala.

38 How many sura are Makkahi and how many are Madani?
Macci 86, Madni 28.

39 Which sura is the name of the tribe of the Holy Prophet ?
Quresh

40 Which sura is called the heart of Holy Quran ?
Yaseen.

41 In which sura is the name of Allah repeated five times ?
Sura al-Haj.

42 Which sura are named Azaiam ?
Sajdah, Fusselat, Najum & Alaq.

43 Which sura is the name of one Holy war ?
Sura Ahzaab.

44 Which sura is on the name of metal ?
Sura Hadeed

45 Which sura does not start with Bismellah ?
Sura Tauba.

46 Which sura is called ' Aroos-ul-Quran ?
Sura Rahman.

47 Which sura is considered as 1/3 of holy Quran ?
Sura Ikhlas

48 The names of how many sura are with out dot ?
Hamd, Raad, Toor, Room, Masad.

49 Which sura did Besmillah come twice ?
Sura Naml.

50 How many sura start with the Initials ( Mukette'at )
29 Sura.

51 Which Sura was revealed twice ?
Sura Hamd.

52 In which Sura is the back biter condemed?
Sura Humzah.

53 In which Sura is the name of Allah repeated in every verse ?
Sura Mujadala.

54 In which Sura is the letter 'Fa' not it?
Hamd.

55 Which Sura are called Mozwethatan
Falk & Nas.

56 Which Sura if their name sare reversed remain the same ?
Lael & Tabbat.

57 Which Sura if its first letter is removed becomes the name of a city in
Saudi Arabia?
Sajdah

58 Which Sura start with word ' Tabarak Allthey
Mulk & Furkan

59 Macci Sura were revealed in how many years ?
13 years

60 Madani Sura were revealed in how many years ?
10 years.

61 Which sura start with word Kad ?
Mujadala & Momenoon.

62 Which Sura is related to Hazrat Ali ?
Sura Adiat.

63 How many Suras are in the 30th. Chapter ?
37.

64 Which sura does every verse end with letter 'Dal ' ?
Tauheed.

65 Which Sura is revealed in respect of Ahllelbayet ?
Sura Dahr.

66 In Which sura does every verse end with letter ' Ra '
Qather

67 In which surais the creation of human being mentioned ?
Sura Hijr V-26.

68 In which sura is the regulations for prisoner of war mentioned ?
Sura Nesa

69 Which sura has the laws about marriage ?
Sura Nesa.

70 Which sura if its name is reversed becomes the name of one bird ?
Sura Room.

71 In which sura is the story of the worship of cow of Bani Esra'iel
mentioned ?
Sura Taha.

72 In which sura is the law of inheritance mentioned?
Sura Nesa.

73 In which sura is the Hegira of Holy Prophet mentioned ?
Sura Infall.

74 In which Sura are the 27 Attributes of God mentioned ?
Sura Hadeed.

EU
European Union

Established on
1 November 1993

Total Members
23

Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom

Headquarters
Brussels, Belgium

Secreatary General
Javier Solana (born 14 July 1942 in Madrid, Spain)

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UNO
UNITED NATIONS: ORGANIZATION

Formed on
24 October 1945

Members
192

A

Afghanistan (19 November 1946)
Albania (14 December 1955)
Algeria (8 October 1962)
Andorra (28 July 1993)
Angola (1 December 1976)
Antigua and Barbuda (11 November 1981)
Argentina (24 October 1945)
Armenia (2 March 1992)
Australia (1 November 1945)
Austria (14 December 1955)
Azerbaijan (2 March 1992)

B

Bahamas (18 September 1973)
Bahrain (21 September 1971)
Bangladesh (17 September 1974)
Barbados (9 December 1966)
Belarus (24 October 1945)
Belgium (27 December 1945)
Belize (25 September 1981)
Benin (20 September 1960)
Bhutan (21 September 1971)
Bolivia (14 November 1945)
Bosnia and Herzegovina (22 May 1992)
Botswana (17 October 1966)
Brazil (24 October 1945)
Brunei Darussalam (21 September 1984)
Bulgaria (14 December 1955)
Burkina Faso (20 September 1960)
Burundi (18 September 1962)

C

Cambodia (14 December 1955)
Cameroon (20 September 1960)
Canada (9 November 1945)
Cape Verde (16 September 1975)
Central African Republic (20 September 1960)
Chad (20 September 1960)
Chile (24 October 1945)
China (24 October 1945)
Colombia (5 November 1945)
Comoros (12 November 1975)
Congo, Republic of the... (20 September 1960)
Costa Rica (2 November 1945)
Côte d'Ivoire (20 September 1960)
Croatia (22 May 1992)
Cuba (24 October 1945)
Cyprus (20 September 1960)
Czech Republic (19 January 1993)

D

Democratic People's Republic of Korea (17 September 1991)
Democratic Republic of the Congo (20 September 1960)
Denmark (24 October 1945)
Djibouti (20 September 1977)
Dominica (18 December 1978)
Dominican Republic (24 October 1945)

E

Ecuador (21 December 1945)
Egypt (24 October 1945)
El Salvador (24 October 1945)
Equatorial Guinea (12 November 1968)
Eritrea (28 May 1993)
Estonia (17 September 1991)
Ethiopia (13 November 1945)

F

Fiji (13 October 1970)
Finland (14 December 1955)
France (24 October 1945)

G

Gabon (20 September 1960)
Gambia (21 September 1965)
Georgia (31 July 1992)
Germany (18 September 1973)
Ghana (8 March 1957)
Greece (25 October 1945)
Grenada (17 September 1974)
Guatemala (21 November 1945)
Guinea (12 December 1958)
Guinea-Bissau (17 September 1974)
Guyana (20 September 1966)

H

Haiti (24 October 1945)
Honduras (17 December 1945)
Hungary (14 December 1955)

I

Iceland (19 November 1946)
India (30 October 1945)
Indonesia (28 September 1950)
Iran, Islamic Republic of... (24 October 1945)
Iraq (21 December 1945)
Ireland (14 December 1955)
Israel (11 May 1949)
Italy (14 December 1955)

J

Jamaica (18 September 1962)
Japan (18 December 1956)
Jordan (14 December 1955)

K

Kazakhstan (2 March 1992)
Kenya (16 December 1963)
Kiribati (14 September 1999)
Kuwait (14 May 1963)
Kyrgyzstan (2 March 1992)

L

Lao People's Democratic Republic (14 December 1955)
Latvia (17 September 1991)
Lebanon (24 October 1945)
Lesotho (17 October 1966)
Liberia (2 November 1945)
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (14 December 1955)
Liechtenstein (18 September 1990)
Lithuania (17 September 1991)
Luxembourg (24 October 1945)

M

Madagascar (20 September 1960)
Malawi (1 December 1964)
Malaysia (17 September 1957)
Maldives (21 September 1965)
Mali (28 September 1960)
Malta (1 December 1964)
Marshall Islands (17 September 1991)
Mauritania (27 October 1961)
Mauritius (24 April 1968)
Mexico (7 November 1945)
Micronesia, Federated States of... (17 September 1991)
Monaco (28 May 1993)
Mongolia (27 October 1961)
Montenegro (28 June 2006)
Morocco (12 November 1956)
Mozambique (16 September 1975)
Myanmar (19 April 1948)

N

Namibia (23 April 1990)
Nauru (14 September 1999)
Nepal (14 December 1955)
Netherlands (10 December 1945)
New Zealand (24 October 1945)
Nicaragua (24 October 1945)
Niger (20 September 1960)
Nigeria (7 October 1960)
Norway (27 November 1945)

O

Oman (7 October 1971)

P

Pakistan (30 September 1947)
Palau (15 December 1994)
Panama (13 November 1945)
Papua New Guinea (10 October 1975)
Paraguay (24 October 1945)
Peru (31 October 1945)
Philippines (24 October 1945)
Poland (24 October 1945)
Portugal (14 December 1955)

Q

Qatar (21 September 1971)

R

Republic of Korea (17 September 1991)
Republic of Moldova (2 March 1992)
Romania (14 December 1955)
Russian Federation (24 October 1945)
Rwanda (18 September 1962)

S

Saint Kitts and Nevis (23 September 1983)
Saint Lucia (18 September 1979)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (16 September 1980)
Samoa (15 December 1976)
San Marino (2 March 1992)
Sao Tome and Principe (16 September 1975)
Saudi Arabia (24 October 1945)
Senegal (28 September 1960)
Serbia (1 November 2000)
Seychelles (21 September 1976)
Sierra Leone (27 September 1961)
Singapore (21 September 1965)
Slovakia (19 January 1993)
Slovenia (22 May 1992)
Solomon Islands (19 September 1978)
Somalia (20 September 1960)
South Africa (7 November 1945)
Spain (14 December 1955)
Sri Lanka (14 December 1955)
Sudan (12 November 1956)
Suriname (4 December 1975)
Swaziland (24 September 1968)
Sweden (19 November 1946)
Switzerland (10 September 2002)
Syrian Arab Republic (24 October 1945)

T

Tajikistan (2 March 1992)
Thailand (16 December 1946)
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (8 April 1993)
Timor-Leste (27 September 2002)
Togo (20 September 1960)
Tonga (14 September 1999)
Trinidad and Tobago (18 September 1962)
Tunisia (12 November 1956)
Turkey (24 October 1945)
Turkmenistan (2 March 1992)
Tuvalu (5 September 2000)

U

Uganda (25 October 1962)
Ukraine (24 October 1945)
United Arab Emirates (9 December 1971)
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (24 October 1945)
United Republic of Tanzania (14 December 1961)
United States of America (24 October 1945)
Uruguay (18 December 1945)
Uzbekistan (2 March 1992)

V

Vanuatu (15 September 1981)
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of... (15 November 1945)
Viet Nam (20 September 1977)

Y

Yemen (30 September 1947)

Z

Zambia (1 December 1964)
Zimbabwe (25 August 1980)


Main Bodies

1-General Assembly

Subsidiary Organs
Committee on Information
Human Rights Council
Candidacies
PRESIDENT of the 63rd Session
United Nations General Assembly
H.E. Mr. Miguel d'Escoto Brockmann
2-
Security Council

Peacebuilding Commission
Counter-terrorism Bodies
Counter-Terrorism Committee
Al-Qaida and Taliban Sanctions Committee
1540 Committee (non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction
Sanctions Committees Security Council Presidency in 2009

3-Security Council Presidency in 2009

Month ---------Presidency -------------End of Membership
January -------France -------------Permanent Member
February ------Japan -------------------31 December 2010
March ----------Libyan Arab Jamahiriya ------31 December 2009
April -------------Mexico -----------------31 December 2010
May ---------Russian Federation ------------Permanent Member
June --------------Turkey ------------31 December 2010
July -------------Uganda -----------31 December 2010
August ----------- United Kingdom -----------Permanent Member
September -------------United States -------Permanent Member
October ------------ Viet Nam -----------31 December 2009
November --------------Austria -------------- 31 December 2010
December ---------- Burkina Faso ------------31 December 2009
China ------------Permanent Member
Costa Rica --------31 December 2009
Croatia 31 -----------December 2009

Membership in 2009

permanent members
China, France, Russian Federation, the United Kingdom and the United States

non-permament members (with year of term's end)

Austria (2010)
Japan (2010)
Uganda (2010)
Burkina Faso (2009)
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (2009)
Viet Nam (2009)
Costa Rica (2009)
Mexico (2010)
Croatia (2009) Turkey (2010)



4-
Economic and Social Council

Economic Commission for Africa (ECA)
Economic Commission for Europe (ECE)
Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)
Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)
Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA)

5-Secretariat

6-International Court of Justice
The Court is composed of 15 judges, who are elected for terms of office of nine years by the United Nations General Assembly and the Security Council. It is assisted by a Registry, its administrative organ. Its official languages are English and French.

HEadquarters
NewYork

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The most comprehensive map of the world


You can zoooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooom it down to countries border lines


download it

http://rapidshare.com/files/196343095/Map.jpg.html

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Neptune
Diameter 49,000 Kilometer Moons 8 Avg.Distance to Sun 4,497 million KM Time to Orbit the Sun 165 Years

Facts
It is denser & little smaller than Uranus.
Its Atmosphere appear blue, with quickly changing white clouds often suspended high above an apparent surface.
Atmosphere constituents are mostly hydrocarbon compounds.
It Emits about 2.3 times more energy than it receives from the sun and the Aurora phenomenon was noticed by Voyager II.

Uranus
Diameter 52,096 Kilometer Moons 17 Avg.Distance to Sun 2,852.8 million KM Time to Orbit the Sun 84 Years

Facts
Waterly Uranus is the only planet that lies on its side.
One pole, than the other, faces the Sun as it orbits.
Voyager-I found nine dark, compact rings around the planet and a corkscrew-shaped magnetic field that stretches millions of kilometers.

Mars

Diameter 6,755.2 Kilometer Moons 2 Avg.Distance to Sun 225.6 million KM Time to Orbit the Sun 687 Days

Facts
The Viking probes failed to Beneath its thin atmosphere.
Mars is barren, covered with pink soil and boulders.
Long ago it was active, the surface is marked with dormant volcanoes and deep chasms where water once freely flowed.

Venus

Diameter 12,032 Kilometer Moons None Avg.Distance to Sun 107.52 million KM Time to Orbit the Sun 225 Days

Facts
Earth's twin in size and mass, sparingly hot Venus is perpetually veiled behind reflective sulfuric-acid clouds.
Probes and radar mapping have pierced the clouds and carbon-dioxide environment to reveal flat, rocky plains & signs of volcanic activity.

Mercury

Diameter 4,849.6 Kilometer Moons None Avg.Distance to Sun 57.6 million KM Time to Orbit the Sun 88 Days

Facts
Tiny Mercury, slightly larger than Earth's moon.
Races along its elliptical orbital 1,76,000 kilometer per hour.
A speed that keeps it from being drawn into the Sun's gravity field.
The crated planet has no atmosphere, days are scorching hot and nights, frigid.

Earth

Diameter 12,732.2 Kilometer Moons 1 Avg.Distance to Sun 148.8 million KM Time to Orbit the Sun 365 Days

Facts
Uniquely moderate temperature and the presence of oxygen and copious water maker Earth the only planet in the solar system to support life.

Jupiter

Diameter 1,41,968 Kilometer Moons 16 Avg.Distance to Sun 772.8 million KM Time to Orbit the Sun 11.9 Years

Facts
Two Pioneer space probes photographed the Great Red Spot on the Solar system's largest planet.
Voyagers I and II later showed it is an enormous eddy in the turbulent cloud cover. Earth the only planet in the solar system to support life.
They also spotted dusty rings, three new moons and volcanoes on the Moon.

Saturn

Diameter 1,19,296 Kilometer Moons 20 or more Avg.Distance to Sun 1,417.6 million KM Time to Orbit the Sun 29.5 Years

Facts
Voyager I found that the celebrated rings of the golden giant Saturn are composed of thousands of rippling, spiraling bands just 100 feets thick.
The moon Titan has a nitrogen atmosphere and hydrocarbons.

Sun

Diameter 13,84,000 Kilometer Statellites 9 Planets Age 4.5 billion years

Facts
A rather ordinary, middle age star, the gaseous sun may reach a temperature of 27-millon degrees Celsius at its core.
Its 11 years cycle is now approaching a solar maximum, a period marked by frequent sunspots and flares.
On Earth, some radio waves will be disturbed and the amazing sky streamers called Northern Lights will appear.

The solar system consists of the Sun; the eight official planets ( Pluto not regarded as sattelite any more), at least three "dwarf planets", more than 130 satellites of the planets, a large number of small bodies (the comets and asteroids), and the interplanetary medium.

The eight bodies officially categorized as planets are often further classified in several ways:

* by composition:
terrestrial or rocky planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars:
+ The terrestrial planets are composed primarily of rock and metal and have relatively high densities, slow rotation, solid surfaces, no rings and few satellites.
jovian or gas planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune:
+ The gas planets are composed primarily of hydrogen and helium and generally have low densities, rapid rotation, deep atmospheres, rings and lots of satellites.

* by size:
small planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars.
+ The small planets have diameters less than 13000 km.
giant planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.
+ The giant planets have diameters greater than 48000 km.
The giant planets are sometimes also referred to as gas giants.

* by position relative to the Sun:
inner planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars.
outer planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.

The asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter forms the boundary between the inner solar system and the outer solar system.

* by position relative to Earth:
inferior planets: Mercury and Venus.
+ closer to the Sun than Earth.
+ The inferior planets show phases like the Moon's when viewed from Earth.
superior planets: Mars thru Neptune.
+ farther from the Sun than Earth.
+ The superior planets always appear full or nearly so.

* by history:
classical planets: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn.
+ known since prehistorical times
+ visible to the unaided eye
modern planets: Uranus, Neptune.
+ discovered in modern times
+ visible only with optical aid

Earth.

The IAU has recently decided that "classical" should refer to all eight planets (Mercury thru Neptune, including Earth but not Pluto). This is contrary to historical usage but makes some sense from a 21st century perspective.

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BIGGEST, HIGHEST, LARGEST, LONGEST .... IN THE WORLD

Animal, Tallest
Giraffe

Achipelago, Largest
Indonesia

Bird, Fastest
Swift

Bird, Largest
Ostrich

Bird, Smallest
Humming Bird

Bridge, Longest Railway
Huey P. Long Bridge, Lousiana (USA)

Building, Tallest
Burj Dubai, UAE

Canal, Longest Irrigational
The Kalakumsky Canal

Canal, Longest
Suez Canal

Capital, Highest
La Paz (Bolivia)

City, Biggest in area
Mount Isa (Australia)

City, Largest in Population
Tokyo

City, Costliest
Tokyo

City, Highest
Van Chuan (China)

Continent, Largest
Asia

Continent, Smallest
Australia

Country, Biggest in Area
Russia

Country, Largest in Population
China

Country, Largest in Electorate
India

Creature, Largest
Blue Whale

Delta, Largest
Sunderban (Bangladesh and India)

Desert, Largest in World
Sahara (Africa)

Desert, Largest in Asia
Gobi

Dam, Largest
Grand Coulee Dam (USA)

Dam, Highest
Hoover Dam (USA)

Diamond, Largest
The Cullinan

Dome, Largest
Astrodome, Houstan (USA)

Epic, Largest
Mahabharat

Irrigation Scheme, Largest
Lloyd Barrage, Sukkhur (Pakistan)

Island, Largest
Greenland

Ocean, Largest
Pacific

Sea, Largest
Mediterranean Sea

Lake, Deepest
Baikal (Siberia)

Lake, Highest
Titicaca (Bolivia)

Lake, Largest (Artificial)
Lake Mead (Boulder Dam)

Lake, Largest (Fresh Water)
Superior

Lake, Largest (Salt Water)
Caspian

Library, Largest
United States Library of Congress, Washington DC

Mountain Peak, Highest
Everest (Nepal)

Mountain Range, Longest
Andes (South America)

Museum, Largest
British Museum, London

Palace, Largest
Vatican (Italy)

Park, Largest
Yellow Stone National Park (USA)

Peninsula, Largest
Arabia

Place, Coldest (Habitated)
Verkhoyansk (Siberia)

Place, Dryest
Iqique (in Atlantic Desert, Chile)

Place, Hottest
Azizia (Libya, Africa)

Place, Highest Rainfall
Mausinram (Meghalaya, India)

Planet, Biggest
Jupiter

Planet, Smallest
Mercury

Planet, Brightest
Venus

Plateau, Highest
Pamir (Tibet)

Platform, Longest Railway
Kharagpur (India)

Railway, Longest
Trans-Siberian Railway

Railway Station, Largest
Grand Central Terminal, Chicago (USA)

River, Longest
Nile (Africa)

River, Largest
Amazon (South America)

Sea-bird, Largest
Albatross

Star, Brightest
Sirius

Statue, Tallest
Statue of Motherland, Volgagrad (Russia)

Telescope, Largest Radio
New Mexico (USA)

Tramway, First in World
New York

Tunnel, Longest (Railway)
Tanna (Japan)

Tunnel, Longest (Road)
Mont Blanc Tunnel (between France and Italy)

Volcano, Highest
Ojos del Salado (Andes, Ecuador)

Volcano, Most Active
Maunaloa (Hawaii – USA)

Wall, Longest
Great Wall of China

Waterfall, Highest
Angel (Venezuela)

Water, Lowest Body
Dead Sea

Zoo, Largest
Kruger National Park, South Africa

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Sports Diary

Australian OpenTennis 2008
Novak Dokovic and Maria Sharapova


Women's Single Title:
Maria Sharapova (Russia) defeats Ana Ivanovic (Serbia)

Men's Single Title:
Novak Dokovic (Serbia) defeats Jo-Wilfried Tsonga (France)

Women's Doubles Title:
Alyona Bondarenko (Ukraine) and Keteryna Bondarnko (Ukraine)

Men's Doubles Title:
Jonathan Erlich (Israel) and Andy Ram (Israel)

Mixed Double Title:
Sun Tiantian (China) and Nenad Zimonjic (Serbia) defeat Sania Mirza(India) and Mahesh Bhupati(India)




French Open Tennis 2008

Ana Ivanovic and Rafael Nadal


Women's Single Title:
Ana Ivanovic (Serbia) defeats Dinara Safina (Russia)

Men's Single Title:
Rafael Nadal(Spain) defeates Roger Federer (Switzerland)

Women's Doubles Title:
Anabel Medina Garrigues (Spain) and Virginia Ruano Pascual (Spain)

Men's Doubles Title:
Pablo Cuevas (Uruguay) and Louis Horna (Peru)

Mixed Double Title:
Victoria Azarenka (Belarus) and Bob Bryan (USA)




Wimbeldon Tennis 2008

Rafael Nadal and Venus Williams


Women's Single Title:
Venus Williams(USA) defeats Serena Williams(USA)

Men's Single Title:
Rafael Nadal(Spain) defeates Roger Federer(Switzerland)

Women's Doubles Title:
Venus Williams(USA) and Serena Williams(USA)

Men's Doubles Title:
Daniel Nestor(Canada) and Nenad Zimonjic(Serbia)

Mixed Double Title:
Bob Bryan(USA) and Samantha Stosur(Australia)




Boxing

Wladimir Klitchko


Wladimir Klitschko (Ukraine) defeat WBO heavyweight champion Sultan Ibragimov (Russia).




Euro 2008 Soccer
Spain defeat Germany 1-0 in the final of 2008 UEFA European Football Championship.


2008 Tour de France
Carlos Sastre (Spain) won the 95th Tour de France, the road bicycling event held during 5-27 July 2008.

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