Q.31 A) What is Cash-flow based lending and its significance?
Q.31 B) Differentiate between Cash-flow based lending and Asset-based lending?

Q.32 A) Describe TWO common Non-fund based facilities.
Q.32 B) Describe THREE common Fund-based facilities, available to importers in Pakistan.

Q.33 A) Describe the Objective and Subjective classification of NPL?
Q.33 B) Provide at least THREE circumstances when a subjective classification will be desirable.

Q.34 A) Define a collateral?
Q.34 B) What are different types of collateral?
Q.34 C) What are the attributes of good collateral?

Q.35 As per State Bank of Pakistan’s quarterly performance review of the banking system of the December 2010, gross NPLs to loan ratio has increased from 7.6% in CY07 to 14.7% in CY10. Do you think a disciplined and prudent lending culture will help control the NPLs? Support your answer with at least FOUR policy options to reduce the default ratio of lending portfolio.

Q.36 Discuss any FIVE qualities of the security that should be observed by a banker while granting advances on the basis of securities offered by the customers.

Q.37 Specify any FIVE points of distinction between the pledge of goods and hypothecation of goods.

Q.38 A) Why risk management is important for financial institution and describe its benefits.
Q.38 B) Discuss the key components of Risk Management Framework for the financial institutes.

Q.39 Which factors would you like to consider in making lending decisions and why?