1) Able:
Will you be able to come?
He is not yet able to attend the school.

Capable:
He is capable of running three miles at a stretch.
Show your teacher what you are capable of.

2) Accede: i) Assent or agree to a request, proposal etc. ii) Come or succeed to an office or position of authority.
I accede to your proposal.
It is so kind of you to accede to my request.
James I acceded to the throne of England after Elizabeth I.

Concede: Admit; grant; allow; to admit as true.
I concede the truth of your statement.
They have conceded us the right to cross their land.

Exceed: To be greater than
Their success exceeded all expectations.
London exceeds Glasgow in size and population.

3) Accept: Consent to; receive something offered.
Due to previous engagement, I could not accept his invitation.
It is an accepted truth that the earth revolves round the sun.

Except: Exclude fro; set apart from; to leave out
When I say that the boys are lazy, I say except Tahir.
The whole staff was present, not excepting the heads of departments.

4) Abstain: Do without; hold/keep oneself back from esp. food etc.
His doctor ordered him to abstain from beer and wine.
He abstained from wine for twenty years.

Refrain: To hold/keep oneself from action/doing something.
Please refrain from spitting in public places.
Let us hope they will refrain from hostile action.

5) Altogether: Absolutely
Her argument was altogether wrong and illogical.

All together: Collectively
The girls went to the refugee camps all together.

6) Access: i) Way to a place ii) Approach
The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields.
Students must have access to good books.

Excess: i) Extreme degree ii) Immoderation (in eating and drinking) iii) Extra or additional
Excess to anything is bad.
She is generous to excess.
To drink to excess is detrimental to health.
Excess fare is charged for travelling farther than is allowed by one’s ticket.

Accession: Coming into an office (especially the throne)
The Queen’s accession to the throne was marked by unprecedented rejoicing.
After his accession to the throne he introduced many beneficial reforms.

7) Adapt: Fit a thing to another.
When you go to a new country, you must adapt yourself to its manners and customs.
This book is adapted to the needs of beginners.

Adept: Expert in something.
I am not an adept in photography.

Adopt: i) Take (an idea, custom etc.) and use it. ii) Vote for acceptance.
I like your methods of teaching and shall adopt them in my school.
European dress has been adopted by people in many parts of the world.
The Assembly adopted the new measure.

8) Accident: something unfortunate
Sahibzada was killed in a motoring accident.

Incident: Event or happening.
Incidents of harassment should be reported to the appropriate human resources director.

9) Admission: i) Admitting or being admitting to a society, school etc. ii) confession or acknowledgement.
Admission to the school is by examination only.
An admission of guilt saved him from punishment.

Admittance: Being admitted to a place especially one that is not public.
No admittance except on business.
I called at his house but was refused admittance.

10) Affect: i) Have an influence or effect on; act on ii) Move the feelings of iii) influence (of disease) iv) pretend to have or feel.
The climate affected his health.
Some plants are quickly affected by cold.
He was much affected by the sad news.
His left lung is affected (etc. by cancer or tuberculosis).
He affected not to hear me.
Hamlet affected madness at times.

Effect: as a noun i) result, outcome ii) impression iii) meaning
The children were suffering from the effects of the hot weather.
Punishment had a very little effect on him.
Everything he says or does is calculated for effect.
I have received a cable to the effect that there is no hope of his recovery.

Effects: In the plural form; Goods, property:
The hotel-keeper seized her personal effects because she could not pay her bill.

Effect: as a verb; to bring about or accomplish
He effected his purpose by tireless efforts.
He has effected great reforms.

11) Admit, Acknowledge, Confess
i) Admit is a more general term than acknowledge and acknowledge is a stronger term than admit.
ii) To confess is to acknowledge something wrong.
I admit the task to be difficult.
I acknowledge the receipt of the letter.
We should always acknowledge gifts as soon as we receive them.
He confessed that he had stolen the money.
The arrested man confessed his guilt before the City Magistrate.

12) Adverse: Unfavourable
I can no longer fight against adverse circumstances.
We should do something to cope with the development adverse to our interests.

Averse: Opposed, disinclined
He is averse to hard work.

13) Few: Hardly any
He has few friends in the city.
He is a man of few words.

A few: a small numbers
He gave us a few suggestions on the art of teaching.

The few: Some
I cannot offend the majority for the sake of the few.

14) Affection: Love; disease
I have a great affection for my students.
He is suffering from an affection of the lungs.

Affectation: Pretence
It is always easy to distinguish between sincerity and affectation.
He is all pose and affectation. There is no sincere feeling in him.

15) All ready: Quite prepared
I am all ready to go.

Already: By this or that time
He has already performed the task.

16) Advice:
He paid no heed to my advice
My advice fell flat upon him.

Advise:
I advised you not to waste your time.
It is the duty of parents to advise their children against bad manners.

17) Altar: Raised place on which offerings are made to a god; In Christian churches a communion table.
He knelt down by the altar in the church and prayed fervently to God.
Many people sacrificed their lives at the altar of freedom.

Alter: To change
I am sorry; I cannot alter my decision now.
He has altered a great deal since I saw him a year ago.

18) Alternate (adjective): By turns; first the one and then the other.
Tom and Harry do the work on alternate days.
The doctor sees the patients on alternate days.
Alternate (verb): Arrange or perform by turns.
He altered kindness with severity.
Most farmers alternate their crops.
Alternative: Choice between two things
Is there no alternative to what you propose?
The brave Sultan saw no alternative before him but death.

19) Avenge: To punish in behalf of another.
God avenges the oppressed.
The judge avenged the wrong done to the helpless child.

Revenge: To retaliate or vindicate for wrong done to ourselves and it implies a personal feeling of animosity.
He revenged himself for the insult.
He took revenge on the neighbour who had ridiculed him.

20) Ascent: Upward movement
The ascent to Murree Hills is very steep.
I have never made an ascent in a balloon.

Assent: Concurrence
The Governor gave his assent to the Bill.
He readily assented to my proposal.

21) Angel:
He is an angel, not a man.

Angle:
A triangle has three angles.

22) Ant:
The ant was going to drown.

Aunt:
My aunt sent me a birthday present.

23) Air:
Birds fly in the air.

Heir:
H is an heir to a large property.

Ere: Before
Do some good ere you die.

24) Avocation: Hobby; Pastime
His avocation is law but gardening is his avocation.

Vocation: Profession; occupation
His vocation is medicine, but painting is his avocation.

25) Artist: A person who practises one of the fine arts (poetry, painting or sculpture).
John Keats was a great artist.

Artiste: A professional singer or dancer.
it is said that Lata Mangeshkar, the well-known Indian artiste, can sing in thirteen different languages.

Artisan: A person who practises some handicraft (a carpenter, a potter etc.).
Most of the Pakistani artisans lead a very hard life.
Muslim artisans are generally hard-working and skilful.

26) Apposite: Proper, Judicious
The principal made very apposite remarks on the necessity of technical education.

Opposite: Standing in front; contrary
My house is situated opposite to the Post Office.

27) Artistic: Beautiful or giving aesthetic satisfaction. It is always used in a good sense.
The hall has been decorated in a very artistic manner.
His design is a highly artistic one.

Artful: Cunning; Clever
She is very artful girl; beware of her.
His artful projects did not help him in the long run.

Artificial: Opposed to natural
Town-life is artificial.

28) Antic (usually plural): Queer behaviour; awkward movement, step or attitude intended to amuse.
The antics of the clown at the Russian circus greatly amused the spectators.

Antique: Of old times; old fashioned.
My hobby is coin-collecting and I have a number of antique coins with me.


29) Ancient: That which is not modern.
War was not as destructive in ancient times as it is in these days.

Old: That which is not new.
I like my old hat better than the new one.

30) Amiable: Good tempered; kind-hearted; easy and pleasant to talk.
Go and make yourself amiable to the guest.
Hamid is an extremely amiable person and he is, therefore, universally popular.

Amicable: friendly; done in a friendly way.
When countries cannot settle a dispute in an amicable way, they should settle it by arbitration.
We need not quarrel, let us come to an amicable settlement.

32) Allusion: Indirect reference
The allusions in this poem are obscure.
That man has a glass eye but he does not like people to make any allusion to it.

Illusion: A deceptive appearance.
To the Hindu ascetic the whole material world appears to be just an illusion.
At last the frightful phantom was known to be just an illusion.

33) Bare (adjective): Uncovered
His bare body was scorched by the mid-day sun.

Bear: i) (verb) To uncover; to carry; endure
I cannot bear this ill-treatment at your hands.
The woman bore a heavy load on her head.
Bear (noun): An animal
He was killed by a bear in the forest.
In the Zoo you can see a large polar bear.

34) Battle: An encounter between opposing armies.
The Normans defeated the Saxons in the battle of Hastings in 1066.

Fight: Combat between two or more persons, animals or parties.
A policeman was killed and forty labourers wounded in the fight between a band of strikers and the police yesterday.
War: A contest more prolonged than a battle between two opposing armies. It is a quarrel between nations conducted by force.
In the last world-war millions of men lost their lives.

35) Beach: Shore
He was standing on the beach and was watching the ripples.

Beech: The name of a tree
There was a row of beech trees in front of the church.

36) Beneficent: Kind
A beneficent ruler always commands the loyalty of his people.
We are very lucky in having such a beneficent ruler.

Beneficial: Useful; Advantageous
Fresh air and goog food are beneficial to health.
I hope your holidays will be beneficial to you
Education is beneficial to all.

37) Bail: Security
The judge refused to release him on bail.

Bale: Bundle
Four thousand bales of cotton were burnt in the fire.

38) Berth: A sleeping place in a train, a ship or an aircraft.
I got a berth reserved in a first class compartment.

Birth: Coming to life
The baby weighed seven pounds at birth.
She is Russian by birth.

39) Beside: By the side of; outside of
We chose our picnic spot beside the river.
Khalid came and sat beside me.
The argument is beside the point (irrelevant)

Besides: In addition to.
Besides helping me with his advice, he lent me some money.
I gave him a watch besides his regular salary.

40) Blunder: A serious mistake
Many politicians think that the Hitler committed a blunder in invading Russia.

Mistake: is the taking of one thing or person for another.
As he took the wrong road by mistake, he could not reach his destination in time.

Error: is a departure from what is recognized as right or correct.
This essay is full of grammatical errors.
The accountant detected many errors in the accounts of the school.

41) Bad: Not good
A bad worker quarrels with his tools

Bade: (Past tense of bid)
I bade him leave my room.

42) Broach: To open or start
Who will broach this topic.

Brooch: An ornament
The brooch looks beautiful in her sari.

43) Brake: i) Apparatus for checking wheel’s motion ii) A thicket or bush
He applied the brakes to the car and thus saved the child from being killed.
The brake was full of flowers.

Break: To come to pieces; to come apart.
Some mischievous boy has broken all the window-panes.
The stick is so frail that it would break into two, if you beat a dog with it.

44) Blew: past tense of blow.
The policeman blew his whistle.

Blue: A colour.
The ink was blue.

45) Bridal: Relating to marriage.
The bridal cake was eaten by the guests.

Bridle: Rein of a horse.
The horse broke its bridle.
Bridle your tongue, please.

46) Boy:
That was the boy who broke my slate.

Buoy: a floating object anchored in a lake, river, etc.
The zones for swimming and the zones for water sports are clearly marked by buoys.

47) Born: given birth to
Hitler was born in 1889.
Ajmal was born with a silver spoon in his muoth.

Borne: Carried; sustained
This widow has borne many hardships.
He has borne his misfortune like a brave man.

48) Berry: any small, juicy, fleshy fruit, as a strawberry or raspberry.
Do you sell berries?

Bury: put or hide underground.
The Muslims bury their dead.