IMPLICATIONS OF TERRORISM ON PAKISTAN
OR
TERRORISM,ITS CAUSES,EFFECTS & REMEDIES.


Introduction:

Pakistan had been facing the brunt of terrorism and sectarian violence since early 80’s once the support to Afghan Jihad created very conducive and ideal environments for Iran and Saudi Arabia to fight their proxy war on our soil. Pakistani government also saw this as a window of opportunity to settle the long outstanding issue of Kashmir with India, thus new militant groups were formed to wage a resistance campaign with the support of Kashmiri people who were already combating the Indian aggression. Supporting the integral Taliban resurgence was also part of the same policy beside an endeavour to establish a pro-Pakistan and friendly regime in Afghanistan. These environments also provided an opportunity for other states like India, United States, Russia and Israel to interfere in the power politics game in order to destabilize Pakistan. Rise in the sectarian violence, domestic terrorism and ethnicity was a natural by product of this policy. The occupation of Kuwait in 1991 by the Iraq was seen as an opportunity to establish a foothold in the Middle East by the United States, in garb of librating Kuwait. This step of US was seen with deep suspicion by these militant Islamic groups thus an era of anti-Americanism evolved in the Muslim world. These sentiments were troublesome for the Muslim governments who never wanted to antagonize the American government and thus had to deal with these militants with iron hand. The situation in Pak – Afghan region attracted them and most of these militants either fled their native countries or settled in this troubled region. The ongoing wave of terrorism being faced by Pakistan is directly linked to the Pan-Islamism and international environments, therefore warrants an in-depth study to come up with some solid remedial measures.


Causes of Terrorism:


The Afghan Conflict:

Pakistan had been facing the brunt of terrorism and sectarian violence since early 80’s. The Soviet Afghanistan war was the most critical event for spreading militancy and intolerance in Pakistan.In order to fight proxy war against the Soviets, the US and the Arab countries provided the funds serving the Mujahideen who were motivated for battle through religious propaganda urging them to expel the infidels from Afghanistan.The aftermath of the Soviet withdrawal exposed the damage,transformation of violence,and weaponisation in Pakistani society.

Political Instability:

In nascent Pakistan,no attention was paid to development of people and institutions at grass roots level,consequently giving rise to oligarchy from landlords,businessmen and bureaucracy. History of constitution-making has also been turbulent.This has led to the problems of weak governance,poor economic performance and has adversely affected overall internal security mosaic.Moreover,parallel political systems in rogue in tribal areas have resulted in emergence of isolated zones within our country detrimental to our national integration.This trend is also instrumental in genearting sense of deprivation and frustration amongst the masses which leads to intolerance and violent attitude. Interecine military intervention,more often than not,have been a consequence of the same factor.



Role of India:

Our traditional adversary still believes in the centuries old chankiya kautaliya’s Philosophy that ,’a neighboring ruler should always be considered as enemy but friendship and alliances must be cultivated with the neighbor’s neighbour. Chankiys Kautalyia’s philosophy also professed “Silent war to bleed the every without direct confrontation”.It has adopted a multi pronged strategy over the years against Pakistan to distract our attraction from the core issue of Kashmir by using its media,abetting political violence,fanning sectarianism and supporting terrorist networks.

Poverty:

There is lot of difference of opinion on the poverty being a root cause of terrorism.Those who consider it to be one of the primary causes of terrorism argue that most of the recruits are drawn from poor; unducated and jobless youth who can not complete their education due to financial constraints and fall pray to the terrorist organizations to meet their basic economic needs and obligations.These are the “people motivated by social needs and pressures and chances for personal gain rather than ideology”. Others are of the view that poverty has little to do with terrorism and support their argument by referring to the sound economic background of 9/11 bombers and Osama bin Laden himself. National security strategy of the US 2006 is also supportive of the later view point and states “Terrorism is not the inevitable by-product of poverty.Many of the Sep 11 hijackers were from middle-class backgrounds and many terrorist leaders like Bin Laden, are from privileged upbringings”. However,it needs to be understood that poverty is an important cause of terrorism.It may not be the so relevent to the top leadership but does provide conducive environment for recruitment of the working hands.

Pakistan’s Location:

Pakistan,owing to its geo-strategic location,is placed naturaly in the eye of storm.When coupled with issues like terrorism,extremism ,international power play and regional security environment ,our position gets further focused on international scene .Moreover,presence of extra regional forces in our neighborhood has a serious ramification for trend of growing militazation and terrorism of our society.

Impact of Terrorism:

The menace of terrorism which was on the increase specially after Pakistan’s cooperation with the US in the Global war on Terror has led to severe consequences for the Government of Pakistan, and the country’s social fabric. The phenomenon of terrorism is indeed affecting every component of society and is becoming gravest threat to our country.Some of important effects and impacts which are creating serious security challenges are appended in succeeding paragraphs.

Loss of National Pride: Despite countless sacrifices as front line state in war against terror,ironically Pakistan is recognized with terror ,chaos and as the most dangerous place on the globe.Pakistan has failed to correctly plead its case and publically implicate all those who are responsible for the mess that we are into.This is an image which Pakistanis are taking with pinch of salt and has deprived them of the national pride.Besides tarnishing the image abroad,as a nation it has weakened our faith in our ideology.


Economic Implication:

Effect on Tourism: Graham Miller, a Tourism Lecturer at the University of Westminster in London, has described Tourism as the world’s number one industry and argued that if flourished in an environment that ensures personal and financial security of the tourists and persons associated with it.Terrorism will,therefore,have an adverse effect on tourism by way of terrorizing tourists which,in turn will impinge on FDIs.

Tourism is an important economic resource to a country’s exchequer and one of the fastest growing sectors in the developing world.The income genrated from tourism constitutes a significant part of GDP of a country. The effect of tourism on a nation’s economy may be enormous and may lead to unemployment,crime recession and other economic and social plight.According to Adam Blake and M Thea Sinclair,two scholars who have studied the impact of 9/11 on US tourism industry,contribution of tourism to both industrialization and development is now so great that any downward trend in tourism industry will be a major cause of concern.The repercusasions extend beyond activities directly associated with tourism,notably airlines,hotels and catering to sectors that supply tourism industrial goods as well as employees associated with this industry.

The Political Cost: At a time when public opinion surveys show more than 80 per cent of Pakistanis opposing US policies and mentioning it as a bigger threat to Pakistan than India,Al-Qaeda and Taliban,it cannot be easy for any government or military to justify an unpopular alliance with America.In a world where the Muslim populations have become polarised with their rulers mostly siding with the US,contrary to the aspirations of their subjects,it becomes all the more difficult for politically unstable and economically depressed countries such as Pakistan to justify its alliance with America.Pakistan would certainly become a less violent place, if it could detach itself from the US war on terror but this is easier said than done. Emergence of MMA in KP/FATA as a strong political force in post 9/11 period was a reflection of increasing Anti-Americanism prevailing at that time.MMA’s tenure in office helped extremist forces to takeroots and spread to other settled regions like swat/Malakand.Concurrently,extremist forces were able to establish themselves in the major urban centres of the country,posing a residual potebntial of unrest.Though the moderate forces have largely reduced the influence of hardliners,yet any unpredicted/irrational development or inability of the moderate forces to deliver may bring the radicals back to power.

The Social Implications:

Psycho-social implications:Following the Afghan war,we experianced that prolonged unrest and mismanagement of refugees can lead to Talibanisation like phenomena.Prolonged GWOT is alreading causing frustration and dissatisfaction within the Pakistani society.Massive bloodshed,suicide bombing and terrorist acts have become a routine affair.Despite the fact that at the face of it,people have started taking it as something ordinary,yet an air of fear,distrust,suspicion and uncertainty is deepening.Resultantly,the social binding-once a hall marks of our society is fading away.The economic difficulties and youth bulge are further compounding the issue and frustration is growing.Massive displacement is impacting the demography of certain areas,which is being resented and consequently,the ethnic divides are deepening.If the trend continues the very purpose of existence as a nation could be questioned.Crime rate and terrorism have already witnessed an upward trend in the society.Popular frustration could lead to domestic agitation and violence.A deeply disillusioned public creates opportunities for a widening appeal of extremist groups and the possible ascendance of jihadi elements.
Massive Internal Dispacement: Repeated military operations have forced mass exodus of populace (approx. 3.5 million) especially in Malakand/swat region and FATA. Such massive displacements in conservative societies have numerous negative psycho-social fallouts.Displacement in sever climatic conditions cause tremendous trauma for the entire family,esp. the children,the business,agriculture,livelihood,education,health,s ecurity and virtually every facet of life gets severly affected with prolonged negative impacts of the IDPs.
Massive Rehabilitation/Compensation challenge: The country has suffered over 23000 death casualities (7000 civilians,3000 security officials,13000 estimated terrorists) and a huge number as injured.This has seriously impared the social life of thousands of families across the country with great psychological trauma.Huge infrastructural losses caused due to devastating terrorist acts and collateral losses due to security forces operations have huge economic cost.Compensation and physical/psychological rehabilitation of effected families is a tall order and has financial implications.
Remedial Measures :
(1) Clearly Drawing Lines. We must draw lines as to what extent our and American interest coincide together, going beyond those identified parameters should not be our policy options. Blindly following the American dictates would result in chaos and instability which at the moment is prevailing in our society. Cost benefit ratio of any military option should be precisely calculated and it must be viewed with other options of dialogue and political initiative etc.
(2) Use of Force. Force should be used as a last resort rather than a matter of policy. We should be cognizant that armed forces have an effect of deterrence and once the force is used the effect of deterrence is lost. Use of air in counter insurgency result in collateral damage which has other implications like hostility in the general public, therefore, use of air in low intensity conflict should also be bare minimum.
(3) Introducing Main Stream Politics. Government should introduce the main stream politics by motivating the political parties to establish their party offices/infrastructure in the tribal areas besides building the social infrastructure like school, collages, hospitals, road and rail networks etc.
(4) Use of Media to Publicize Facts. The media should be effectively used to unearth the activities of the elements which are behind the acts of terrorism and also those who are sponsoring these terrorists. The role of foreign intelligence agencies should also be exposed besides taking up the issue with the concerned countries besides taking appropriate measures. Exposing the real perpetrators will not only create dissensions amongst the terrorists who have been thoroughly penetrated by the foreign agents but also diminish the support of general masses for these elements. For most of us the contemporary situation is too complex and intricate to clearly make out who is fighting for whom, as on one side we are helped by the Americans and the west, while on the other militants are also indirectly receiving funds from the foreign agencies.
(5) Reforming Society. Pakistan being known by its Islamic tinge is amongst the most un-Islamic societies in the world as it lacks ‘Equality’ and ‘Justice’ the two most cardinal pillars of Islam. An Islamic society is neither dogmatic nor ritualistic centric, rather it gives the concept of a welfare state within divine parameters, bearing a peculiar Islamic identity. That kind of society can be achieved by promoting a message which is conceptual in nature besides focusing on the obligations of the individuals. This massage needs to be conveyed not only to the general masses but also to the secular elite and the terrorists as well through media and scholars. Effective, speedy and fair judicial system beside the efforts to gradually eliminate the growing socio–economic disparity from the society would do a great deal in eradicating terrorism from the society.
(6) Media Control. It is not possible to bring any improvement in the situation till the time this impression is not dispelled that we are fighting this war for sake of the Americans, only then the fresh supply of recruits to the insurgents would be tapped. Moreover, a code of conduct should be devised for the media which is polarizing the society by forcing people to take sides through broadcasting extreme views of religious and secular personalities. Furthermore, programmes which are inimical to our religious and cultural values should not be permitted to be broadcast. This definitely would increase the public tolerance threshold towards opposing views as a programmed media debate obdurate the fixable minds. Things turned worst because government tried to promote a concept of enlightened moderation which was devised to serve the purpose of west and had a little domestic acceptance / relevance. The media should be effectively controlled and used to counter the terrorist ideology rather to provide fuel for their militant sentiments.
(7) Reforming Education. In the decades of 80’s our education system was Islamized and on the contrary presently it is being secularized through foreign funded foundations. Furthermore, Religious schools and English medium schools syllabi are diametrically opposed to each other and this contrast procedure a polarized society with deep divisions amongst subsequent generations. Our education system should be revised according to our own requirements with an unbiased mindset, keeping scientific advancement as our hallmark rather to appease the foreign powers or accomplish the western agenda.
(8) Building State Institutions. Regardless of the political or ethnic affiliations government should build state institutions specially revenue collection departments, parliament, judiciary, police, intelligence agencies and accountability bureau.
(9) Building Consensus and Conviction. The government should endeavour to build national consensus or broad based conviction as to how the war on terror should be fought. At the moment there are even deep divisions amongst the government institutions as how we should proceed ahead in dealing with the challenges with regard to terrorism. Moreover, popular support is not available to the government on its policies which was displayed by the masses during the recent elections.
(10) Senior Commanders – Religious Scholars Interaction. Senior Army Commanders should meet with influential and renowned religious scholars to share ideas, exchange views and to build consensus on field of mutual interest. Over a period of time these common ideas would start following downwards to the grass root level, thereby reducing the hostile attitude of religious elements towards the armed forces and creating a level of understanding where both start respecting each other by accepting even the difference of opinions. The early we tranquil this hostile attitude the swiftly we would be bringing stability in the society, because presently both the pillars of nation’s “Centre of Gravity” i.e. the armed forces and religious ideology, are pitched against each other.

CONCLUSION
The phenomenon of terrorism has haunted the mankind for ages now. Despite the best possible efforts to curb it, virtually by all the nations of the world, including the United States, the menace has continued to grow in size and strength. Pakistan today is amongst one of the nations most affected by the terrorism. There is no denying the fact that we had the terrorist attacks more than any other nation of the world including Iraq and Afghanistan therefore we can not afford to take this threat indifferently. This menace needs to be fought with all the available means and resources including psychological, ideological, preventive and physical because force alone is insufficient to win over this menace which has now transformed into an ideology. We not only need to adopt appropriate measures at our level but also need to recommend also at appropriate authorities.

I have prepared more or less 20 important essays .. Frankly speaking, I have worked very hard on them owing to the fact that css 2014 would be my last attempt.(Failed twice in Islamiat) Today i am sharing one of my essays. Hope this will help css 2013 aspirants as well.
With best wishes
Nawazish.

It is a good essay what other topics hve you been prepared?

Essays which i have prepared are;

On women i.e., women staus in islam/ Pakistan/third world countries.

On media i.e., its role in the present century/ in third world countries

UN i.e, its successes, failures ,restructuring etc.

Global warming

Extremism in Pakistan, causes ,impact, suggestions.

Social problems confronting Pakistan i.e., poverty, illiteracy, unemployment, drug abuse etc

Economic problems of Pakistan and their remedies

Democracy ,its failure ,future in Pakistan

These topics if prepared thoroughly would certainly help you to pass through this obstacle..

PoVERTY IN PAKISTAN,ITS CAUSES
IMPACT AND SOLUTIONS

Introduction
"Poverty is the parent of revolution and crime".
(Aristotle).

Present scenario:

-51 per cent of Pakistanis are Poor (Multidimensional Poverty Index)
-Pakistan has 88 million poor.... (Latest reports)



Causes of Poverty:

-Lack of good governance
-Low literacy rate
-Widespread Unemployment
-Political instability
-Corruption and embezzlement of Funds
-Mighty feudal class
-Decline in Agriculture
-Overpopulation (180 million population and meagre resources)
-Govt's inability to explore the vast resources ,i.e., Balochistan
-Energy crises (Closure of industries,flight of capital)
-Royal style of living by the ruling elite.


Impacts

-Set back to education sector
-Terrorism ,extremism
-Child labor
-Drugs and Narcotics
-Prostitution- aids and other diseases.
-Suicides
-Tarnished image of our country...
-Homelessness
-Corruption.

Some relevant Quotations

1)"It is not easy for men to rise whose qualities are thwarted by Poverty"
(Juvenal).

2)"Poverty often deprives a man of all spirit and virtue; it is hard for an empty bag to stand upright".
(Benjamin Franklin)



Suggestions:

-Good Governance
-Root out corruption
-Employment opportunities
-Population control
-Agricultural reforms
-Energy crisis solution
-Simplicity on the part of ruling elites i.e., Iran, france etc.
-Technical education

Conclusion

Corruption-Our National Dilemma:

Introduction

"Corruption is the cancer which destroys the very fabric of the any country". (Hillary Clinton)

"Corruption is the curse which erodes the institutions"
(Anonymous)

Present Scenario:

-The Transparency International ranks Pakistan as 49th most corrupt nation in the world in its annual Corruption Perception Index 2011.

-It stands at 134th position out of 183 countries having scored 2.5 marks out of 10.

-Pakistan's position is worse than almost all its immediate neighbors : India 3.5 marks and ranks 95, Srilanka with 3.3 score is 86, Iran score 2.7 is 126 and Bangladesh with 2.7 score is 120.

Causes

-inept and corrupt leadership
-political instability
-Lack of effective accountibility
-Inefficiency of Anti-corruption agencies
-Lust of wealth
-Waywardness from Islamic principles
-Poverty and
-disregard of the rule of law.

Impact

-"corruption impedes development and human rights"
(Ban ki Moon)

-Enhance Poverty
[B] "Corruption eats away Rs 500 billion per year in Pakistan"
(Transparency International)

-Endangers morale of masses:
" corruption is worse than prostitution. The latter might endanger the morals of an individual, the former invariably endangers the morals of the entire community"
(Karl kraus).

-Political instability (NRO)
-Degradation of economy
-Tarnished image of country.


Measures
-Honest leadership
-Handsome salaries
-Effective accountibility
-Independence of judiciary
-Role of ulema and media
-Education- awareness programes
-Simplicity
-Anti corruption Ombudsmen.

Conclusion

"We must put down bribery and corruption with an iron hand".
(Quaid.e.Azam)

Dear!
come up with more essays plz, great deeds should be continued.

If u dont mind plz share ur all 20 essays r if possible mail me those plx

sorry friends i was busy for some days. i will post more essays soon, inshahallah.

Nazi good effort. i looking forward for more essays. well let me ask one thing. there are four perspective of terrorism Essay.
1. Terrorism in Pakistan
2.Terrorism in the World
3. War on Terror.
4. Pakistan,s War on terror.
How do you differentiate these four topic. what should be the material of these essays?