Plaese everyone evaluate my essay and suggest me changes
Essay empowerment of women in Pakistan
Outline
1-introduction
2- Pakistan and women empowerment
3- Women in developed countries
4- Causes of women backwardness of women’s state in Pakistan
a) Lack of Access to Resources
b) Poverty
c) Illiteracy
d) Wrong interpretation of Islamic teaching
e) Unemployment
f) Deplorable Health Level
g) Patriarchal society
I- male-dominance and feudal system
II- horrific customs- Swara and Vani
h) Dowry system
i) Honor killing
j) Acid throwing
k) Sexual harassment
l) Discriminatory laws
m) Narrow-Minded Religious Approaches.
5- Bills and Act Passed so far by various Governments in Pakistan
a) Protection against harassment of women at workplaces Act 2010.
b) Prevention of domestic violence Act 2008.
c) women protection bill 2006
6- Suggestion of women empowerment
a- economically
b- sociologically
c- legally
7- Conclusion
It is beyond any doubt that women are an integral part of society and play significant role in the development of a country. History bears the testimony to the greatness of women being a prominent member of society. In the current scenario women have stood shoulder to shoulder with men, but unfortunately their efforts have not been recognized by the society. In the name of customs, rituals and practices they are being deprived of their legitimate and fundamental securities. Consequently women are found in worse state. Beside this, various governments in Pakistan have passed different Bills and Acts to empower and strengthen the women, and tried to implement them, but they could not practically enforce them. The need of the hour is to give essential securities to women which have been ordained by Islam and to empower them in social, political and economic spheres. Therefore Pakistan desperately needs mass movement which can pull it out from the quagmire of the social and economic crisis.
The Pakistan was formed on the basis of two nation theory and Islamic Ideology due to which it is called “Islamic republic of Pakistan.” ,but it could not provide due protections to its most populated community of women. Although the constitutions of Pakistan under the Article 25(1), 25(2), 27 and 35 explain the status of women, yet the state has never been seen to be serious in the provision of basic securities of women. In addition to it, Pakistani society on one side considers women as the center of attention and life, but on the other side regard them not more than a secondary citizen. For the years the role that women played as citizen, as a family member and for maintenance of home, has been highly undermined today, and it has turned into tradition to degrade their abilities and competencies. The ill-educated scholars and pseudo-fundamentalists have converted the teaching of Islam to be best read for the interest of women and spaced the gender discrimination. Despite this Pakistani women have proven themselves in very fields.
The lives of Pakistani women have been changed during the past thirty years and they are more powered and emancipated than that they were ever before. They are taking interest in doing jobs and participating at the workplaces and legal places. But they have not been empowered than the women in developed countries are.
With the passage of time and economical growth women have attained high liberty in the developed countries. Therein they enjoy the equal rights. Women have acquired such status because of the high literacy rate, better infrastructure, enlightenment and sincerity of the ruling class.
Pakistan cannot meet the global standards of women’s rights unless it comes up with solutions of the major factors responsible for the backwardness of women’s state. Let’s see the major causes responsible for the abysmal state of women in Pakistan.
In Pakistan women are lacking in access to the resources which are vital to lead a good and balanced life. Such as education, inheritance, justice, healthcare, nutrition, financial and social supports etc. it is world-wide acknowledged that poverty and low status is awarded to women.
Pakistan inherited the curse of poverty from its inception and yet facing it. This problem restricted the women to acquire their basic needs and necessities of life. As everything demands money. Therefore due to insufficient money their families cannot fulfill their basic demands of foods, education and health and they are hardly to meet their nutrition needs.
Besides this, illiteracy is another factor of the disastrous situation of women. Women are less educated than the men in Pakistan. They literacy rate of women is 36 per cent as compared to the literacy rate of men which is 64 per cent. Girls and boys schools ration is 4 and 6 respectively. The women of rural are more illiterate and unaware than the women of urban. Education facilities are less available in rural areas than the urban areas. Due to this society has snatched their securities.
Also religiously some of the people are of the views that Islam does not permit the women or girls to step beyond the walls of the house. The modern education will make them irreligious and party girls instead of making them a house and pious wives. That is why the Taliban is blasting in the schools of the Swat and northern areas of Pakistan. Ironically Islam entitles them to acquire education. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) said,
“Education is mandatory on Muslim men and women”.
Moreover in Pakistani society women are denied from doing jobs to earn their livehood. Due to social and cultural constraints and gender bias women are lacking in opportunities. In the labor market there are no supporting facilities such as transport, accommodation, safety and encouragement for the women. Consequently labor market provides more opportunities to men than the women. In some of the family do not permit their daughters, sisters and wife to work in such unsafe environment.
Women health indicators of Pakistan are among the worst in the world. Pakistan is among the countries where expectancy of women’s life is lower than that of the men. The female- infant mortality is lower (85 per 1000 live births) than the male-infant mortality (82 per 1000 live births). More than 40 percent women of the total women are anemic. Maternal mortality is still high, 4 women in every 38 women die due to pregnancy related causes. The lower women’s health status is the result of lower social, cultural status. Improper food distribution leads to the deficiencies in the female children; early marriages of girls, excessive childbearing and illiteracy have affected the women’s health.
In the patriarchal society of Pakistan men’s physical strength and false sense of superiority as against the women’s weakness make them vulnerable to oppression. In this society man has enforced the law of the jungle where the stronger is the ruler and weaker is the lead live at the mercy of the strong. In these societies women are mere the symbols of honor and dignity of a family. They are considered private property of men. Feudal society has confined the women in the walls of the house to save “their honor and dignity.” They have made their own laws in the name of tradition and customs. These laws and customs underestimate the women and abolish their legal and legitimate and religious securities and protection. Under these customs women have not right to marry with their choices, to acquire education and they are under control of men, and they tolerate oppressive norms in the name of morality.
Swara and Vani are such type of heinous customs which are upheld by the stone- minded person. In both of customs a minor girl is given as compensation for the perpetrated wrongdoing by the culprit’s family. The girls as young as 10 are married to men of 60 years old under these customs. These customs are similar to the customs which were used by the Arabs before the Islam’s arrival, where the sisters were given as compensation for the committed sins of their families. Such custom are highly prohibited by the Islam.
Dowry system is another form of social and cultural practices. It is hardly any family in the Pakistan in which this system is not followed. Not a single day passes without the death caused by the dowry. The pages of the newspapers are full with the stories of women torture who bring the insufficient dowry. Families create worst situation and force the brides to commit suicides. These families kill the brides and blackmail the paternal families and demand more dowry. If a maternal family of bride fails to meet demands of the in-laws then brides are given divorces. In fact women are entitled of dowry instead of the men. Islam provides an adequate dowry to women at the time of her marriage and save upgrade her status. These practices are upheld because of the distance from the Islamic teachings. The Allah Almighty says in the Glorious Quran,
“And give the women (on marriage) dowry as a gift………” (4:4)
Honor killing is another social and cultural tradition found in some parts of Pakistan. In these practices women are killed in the name of honor. It is known as karo- Kari in the Sindh. Under these practices men kill their daughters, sisters, and wives in order to restore the reputation of their families. If a woman is found to be indulged in immoral behaviors, in friendship and sexual relations to men, or refuses to arrange marriage, or demand the divorce from her husband, or a being raped by a man , then they are killed by cruel men. Islam does not allow for honor killing. It protects the women from being killed. The Quran says,
“Do not kill a soul which Allah made sacred except through the process of Law.”
Sexual harassment is another one of the abuses that women are facing in the Pakistan.
In Schools, Colleges, Universities, and other government and private sectors women are sexually compelled by men. The rape is growing crime in the Pakistan. Rape scandals and women violence crimes are explicitly found in the newspapers. Which are the evidences of the dreadful state of women and expose safety of women nowhere in Pakistan.
Acid throwing is another factor that inflicted on women. The reason includes women’s refusal of marriage or denial of friendship, husband doubt that his wife is indulged in sexual relations with other men, wife demand for divorce, and in some cases it is done to take revenge. But it is carried out mostly when a man proposes to girls for friendship or marriages and when she says “no”; then the best way to take revenge from her is to throw acid on her face. Maria Shah of Shikarpure who was the midwife, on his face acid was thrown by Arsalan Sanjrani when she refused to marry him.
The discriminatory laws were introduced as a part of process of Islaminization by Zia-ul-Haq in his military regime. Hudood ordinance equated the rape with adultery. The law of evidence (Qanoon-e-Shahadat) of 1984 made testimony of two women equal to one man in the financial transactions. There are considerable evidences that these legislations in spite of giving securities and valuable status to women impacted negatively one lives of women and made them vulnerable to extreme violence. Many women are imprisoned under the Hudood ordinance.
Islam is a comprehension religion. It guides the human beings in every sphere of life. It equates the women with men and provides equal status to women. But the ill-educated and conservative Scholars have interpreted the teachings of Islam in the best favor of males. They neglect status of women in every matter of life. They confine and underestimate the women’s rights of inheritance, education, marriage by consensus of marrying couple, divorce or Khulla, vote ,and expression of opinions.
To wipe out illegal and wicked customs, practices, and traditions, various governments in Pakistan passed different Bills and Acts in their regimes. The purposes of passing these bills and Acts were to protect the women from sexual harassment, domestic violence and other social and cultural oppressions.
Protection against harassment of women at workplaces Act 2010 is one the legislations passed in the recent past to prevent women from harassment, abuse, and intimidation at workplaces. The harassment is the biggest abuse that a woman faces at the workplaces. Due to this women hesitate to work at workplaces. This bill provides equal opportunities to women of participating in economic fields and to bring their families out of the curse of poverty. The intention behind this bill is to meet the standards of international labor.
Prevention of domestic violence Act 2008 is another legislation passed to protect women and children from domestic violence and oppression. This bill consists of the committees and officials. In accordance with this bill if anyone is found in sexual compelling, violence to women and children, will be liable to three years in prison or pay the fine of 500,000 Rupees. The bill includes all public places such as market, public transport, streets and parks, and private gathering and homes.
In 2006 the former president of Pakistan Pervez Musharaf proposed the amendment in the Hudood ordinance of 1979 and women protection bill was passed by the National Assembly, allowing the rape to be prosecuted under civil law.
Hence these above mentioned all Bills and Acts have been promulgated in the Pakistan but their practical implementations have never been seen. Women are in the same state as they were before. They are facing oppression, violence, abuse and inequality in their status and rights. Same heinous and wicked customs and cultural practices are in their original forms. Same sexual harassment and rape scandals are observed and clearly be seen in newspapers and Media. It seems that women cannot be equal in Pakistan. But nevertheless women can be equal in Pakistan if certain recommended suggestions are met in the economic, social and political fields.
Economically, firstly it is essential to identify causes and factors that keep the women subservient to men. Among them the most critical common factor is men wield power to keep a woman under his thumb. So power must be shared between the two. Joint ownership in agricultural land and other movable and immovable assets should be made compulsory for the house-wives in particular. Income and wealth earned by a woman should be her own property. Men should have not right over it. Secondly daughter’s right of inheritance along with her brother should be ensured legally and its denial should be protected from being usurped by the husband and the in-laws. Thirdly public sector policies, programs, and project should be equally favorable to men and women. There should be no discrimination.
Sociologically, the dreadful and heinous customs in Pakistani society will continue to have as long as the feudal system is not buried deep down from where it never be able to pop up. This system has been entrenched in our society. This system will be eradicated in the walk of revolution. Another factor that is in dire need of reform is education. Our educational system provides less opportunity for women of acquiring education. Women schools and institution of education are in lesser number than that of men have. If our country and Government show sincere dedications and commitments of promoting the women’s educational status, then nobody can deprive of women from their social, political, economical and legal rights. It is the duty of the media that it should play a prominent role in creating awareness of rights and education among the women. Besides it, NGO should spring up like the mushrooms throughout the country to empower women.
Legally, it goes without saying that various Bills and Acts of empowering the women have been passed in the recent past, but their practical implementations have not been seen yet. It is quite common in Pakistan that laws are put on papers, but there is little will of governments and ineffective mechanism to enforce them. The need of hour is that public should compel Government to enforce those pro-women laws into implementation so that the destructive customs could be eliminated from our society.
By summing all the discussion it can be said that Allah created human beings and divided them in genders. Both are created to assist each others in every walk of life and to lead a happy and comfortable life. It is evident from history that women are essential participants of society and are the key factors of nation and country development. But due to poverty, social inequality, and destructive customs in Pakistan restricted women from being empowered and made disastrous state of women. Ill-educated scholars, feudal, and male-dominated society never accepted the sacred status of women; they underestimated and confined their rights. Besides, the governments have legislated different laws to empower women but their implementations are negligible. But nowadays lives of women have been changed and there are more empowered than they were ever before.

Dear sadafnoorelahi you are not following the standard of essay's outline.
your outline are not apparent and self-illustrating .i think you need practice on making outline.

Q-A-Qureshi I have written this outline in paper and have explained it. I failed. Why? Whats wrong with your outline man?

Dear you question is not clear to me. i do not know what you want to ask.
About which outline are you discussing. Please quote it and then tell me.

qurban is this outline ok?

@ all comments, criticism and suggestions are strongly encouraged
Modern day communication via social networks puts an end of true and sincere relationships.

I. Introduction
II. Effects of social media
A) General effects of social media
B) Effect of social media on intimate relationships
1) Lack of trust and sincerity
2) Immaturity in relationships
3) Rise in Moral decay
4) Personal issues made public
5) Dependence on Impersonal forms of communication
6) Deceit, Deception and pretention
7) Fickle nature of social media
8) Suspicion among partners
9) Decrease in Socialization with close relatives
10) Widening of Generation gap
11) Diminishing of Personal space
12) Dissaperance of traditional concept
13) Absence of balance
14) False illusion as basis of relationships
III. Suggestions
IV. conclusion

“social media is like a snowball rolling down the hill. It is picking up space. five years from now, it will be the standard”

The impact of social media on the society has drawn mixed reactions. There is a group of individuals, who laud it for its positive effects, whereas there is an equally significant group of opponents. the advent of social networking has changed the base of information sharing, both at personal and professional level. Even so, that it has assumed the role of making and often breaking up of the relationships. Social media has granted an opportunity to individuals to interact with like-minded people. this allows them to vent out their feelings. Being near someone is no longer a requisite to be close to someone. Thanks to the social media, people can now communicate with individuals living millions of miles away. It has undermined the significance of vis-a vis communication. at the same time, it has eroded the very infrastructure on which the edifice of relationships are built: trust and loyalty. The impact of social relationship is of such a grave nature in intimate relationships, that now in a relationship there are three parties with social networking sites and mobiles being the third one. Privacy of individuals is often compromised. there are instances where individuals base their relationships on deceit, dishonesty and fantasy. Now the base of relationship formation has changed from sincerity, truthfulness, fidelity to superficiality, materialism and pretentions. People fail to give respect to their partners and do not shy away from making vulgar, obscene and shoddy wishes. individuals fail to develop trust on their partners and are always vary of their movements on social platform. Instead of resolving issues bilaterally, conflicts are often projected on social media. As a result, a petty issues get exaggerated to an unprecedented level and culminate in insults, abuse and ridicule for both the partners. it has also widened the gulf between individuals and their older relatives and have weakened familial ties considerably.

Social media has drastically altered the medium of communication. From personal to business level of communication, political activities to leisure hobbies, all has been tailored by the new form of communication. Even advertising agencies have started to use social media for the publicity of their goods, products and services. It is believed that social media has minimized the importance of print media and even electronic media as a source of news. Many scholars, celebrities and famous people “update their status” through social media to keep in contact with their fan followers. videos, pictures, comments, tweets are often used to keep the audience updated of the latest happenings. many a times, people feel depressed and feel like opening up themselves before an impartial audience, they too seek refuge from the social media. Social media acts like a benevolent mother who is always ready to take up dejected, lonely and melancholic child in her lap. Media has been able to assume such a pivotal role in life, due to its ability to address the basic necessity of the human beings: desire to be listened, to be a part of activities, one always wanted to participate in. by exploiting, this basic need, social networking has been able to make its place in even the most intimate of the relationships. At the same time, it has a drastic impact on intimate relationships.

The relationships based on social media are devoid of trust and sincerity, which are the core values needed for the development of a healthy and stable intimate relationship. Most often, issues crop up between the partners. in many cases, they are a result of the inherent nature of the social site. For instance, if the relatives join any social site and one of them befriends any individual who is not approved by the other relative. Such issues are venomous for the growth of a relationship.

The relationships which owe their birth to social media often have an inkling of immaturity in them. In most of the cases, such relationships are formed in the youth. At such a tender age, people often take decisions based on emotions rather than logic. This immaturity often results fatal for the relationships. it is a common observation that individuals frequently change their status from “single” to “committed” and back to “single”. They fail to comprehend the significance, seriousness and basics of relationships. To them, relationships are a mere “status” change.

The modern-day relationships are also a victim of an obligation to share a lot of information, that a person would prefer to keep to himself/herself. For instance, individuals have to share their hangouts, leisure activities, pictures and other similar personal information. They have to sign in and let the other person know all about their whereabouts, otherwise they are blamed for not “opening up” or “sharing” their issues. This diminishes an individual’s personal space.

Today, people share a lot of their information on social media, very often personal information. Consequently, their personal life and its issues become a public property. Anyone and everyone “comments” or “posts” or “likes” such issues. For e.g if someone fails in any exam, he projects his sentiments on social media, thereby experiencing a deluge of advices, mockery, analysis of failure, and other similar reactions.

Another obstacle in the nourishment and flowering of healthy relationship is the involvement of the “third party”. Direct relationships often culminate in the development of strong and trusted companionships. gone are the days. Nowadays, relationships depend a lot on the use of technology based forms of communication. This has reduced the importance of direct, face to face communication. until and unless, communication is direct there is little possibility of actually knowing the other person and developing a strong, stable and all-weather partnership.

No doubt, social media has helped us in getting an access to unlimited information about everyone. At the same time, it has minimized our access to “true” and “genuine” information. Anyone with even a moderate information of technology can disguise himself. As is rightly said,

” do not mistake a mythical like for the real thing”.

Through text messages, voice calls, electronic mails, anyone can fool the other party and provide them with filtered information only. No one can catch the “culprit” of the dishonesty. there are cases where young children as young as 8 years may pretend to be of 18 and may play with the other person’s sentiments.

People through media often become very close to each other. They provide the other information of their feelings, wishes, activities, pictures and other details. However, the fact remains that the individuals tend to share information that is more likely to appeal to the other party. Chatting is often based on topics of mutual interest. This fails to help the individuals in comprehending the actual depth of the situation. All the people in social media pretend to be friendly, sociable and encouraging and withhold the information linked to their negative attributes.

Moral decay is another issue encircling modern day relationships. due to the uninhibited access to all types of information on web, all the limits are fast eroding. Sensuality, verbosity and pretension are the essence of relationships today. Comments, posts and even photos are shared on social media that are not suitable to be discussed and displayed in public. Vulgarity is the new fad. People who are upright and modest are considered aliens.

In the past, relationships were built and destroyed only be the consent of the elders. traditionally, people would base relationships on sincerity, care and moral values. superficiality and materialism was abhorred. Even if, issues cropped up between partners of a relationships, elders would decide the matter within the sacred confines of the household. Alas, today such issues are handled on social media. Confines have disappeared and sacredness violated.

For the development of a healthy, stable and harmonius relationship, balance is very important. However, nowadays relationships seem to be dwindling from one side to other. Balance is completely absent. There are partners who share each and everything, thus removing all the charm and attraction from the relationship. On the other hand, are those who fail to understand the other partner and do not know much about the other one, except petty details.

Interacting through social media often leads to access to too many “matches”. Considering still existent traditional values and norms, such a situation is most likely to create suspicion in the minds of the partners. the delicate partition between flirting and complimenting is fast eroding. in many cases, the suspicions are not unfounded. Consequently, relationships are broken as quickly as they are formed.

On an average, a million pictures are uploaded on social media. People try to project an image of their attractive lives and interaction with happening social geeks. these pictures often create a false illusion of one being “hip” and “cool”. Resultantly. Relationships are built on false expectations which rarely materialize. such couples often break up quickly.

People tend to spent the time they use for socialization with their “e-friends”. Instead of spending quality time with their near and dear ones, they prefer to be close to their social media friends. This has widened the gap between the children and their parents. Individuals seem more concerned about the petty issues revolving around the lives of their imaginary friends than the significant issues in the lives of their close relatives.

Owing to social media, the generation gap has become insurmountable. The older parents who are not much at ease with new technology are unable to understand the emerging issues of technology-savvy generation. The generation Y, as it is called, which has grown up in an era of latest mobiles, fast internet access and modernized gadgets find themselves at odds with the older generation.

In view of the above mentioned situation it is imperative that efforts should made to counter the negative effects of social media on intimate relationships. It is possible through the implementation of following steps
• Although, relationships may be formed on social media, but the importance of direct relationships should not be negated.
• Simply “comment” “likes”, text messages, voice calls should not be used for communication. Effort should be made to make it a two-way communication by ensuring that the other person has read and understood the meaning of the message.
• Man is a social animal and no doubt has a desire of belongingness and intimacy, but, it should not be a blind attempt. Steps should be taken to validate the information provided by the e-friends
• 21st century is an age of technology, but this should not be used to sever ties with near and dear ones
• Social media forums should also try to enact steps to verify the information shared on their respective forums.
• man does not only holds the desire of socialization, but also demands a considerable level of privacy. Relationships built on social media should take into consideration this need of man
• respect, honesty and loyalty are the key factors for the success of relationships. Relations created on social media should also lay emphasis on these core values.
• Instead of “sharing” each and every bit of information on social media, people should try to develop a clear demarcation of the information suitable to be shared in social media and the information not suitable enough.
• Being caring and loving are great qualities for harmony in a relationship. But, this should not only be limited to the social media and should also be used for close relatives.
• Finally, individuals should understand the importance and significance of relationships and should not handle them carelessly.

Conclusively, it may be stated that 21st century is an era of technological advancement. Innovative technology has touched each and every sphere of our lives, be it social or personal. In this wave of revolutionary technology another breakthrough has been made by the introduction of social media. Social media has played a commendable role in bringing people close together, diminishing distances, helping individuals find like-minded friends, catharsis, bridging gap between producers and consumers of product, providing first hand information, but on the other hand has torn intimate relationships apart. Truthfulness, loyalty, sincerity is no longer the essence of modern day relationships. people base their relationships on lies. often individuals hide their actual personality behind false façade. Appearances are the key determinant in relationships. People fail to gauge and respect “inner beauty”. Such relationships fall short of prospering and developing over time. deviation from cultural values and traditions is the norm of the day. People prefer e-friends over their close blood relatives. Siblings which in the bygone days were the only partners in secrecy are now considered a barrier and invaders of privacy. People do not give the much needed ingredient of respect to the partners in the recipe of stable relationship. Balance in modern day relationship is lacking. Some individuals come so close as to disrupt all cultural, traditional and religious barriers, while others fail to know the other one beyond frivolous information. Moral decay is on rise owing to the social media networking. People do not feel any shame in discussing vulgar and obscene topics on the forums. Flirting and trashy conversation is in vogue. This results in suspicions among partners. in view of the situation, it is important that necessary steps should be taken to counter the ill-effects of the social media on intimate relationships. Despite the ease and easy access to social media, direct communication should be given preference. People should try to verify the information shared via social media. Immorality should be checked by the individuals, social media forum and even at the government level. People should base their relationships on moral values and should take relationships seriously. They should refrain from immature tactics. In short, adjustments must be made to keep relations stable and harmonious in the presence of the social media.

I was talking about Gender equality outline. Anyways I got my answer. Hey you are helping a lot.

mashaALLAH, over all a good attempt. your essay writing skills have sharpened up. still, there is a room of improvement. i have highlighted the errors.
last of all, the essay was on empowerment, but the focus remained on the causes of women condition. you should have added more material on the acts. but again, bravo, very good attempt.

Qurban Bhai and seniors I am stuck once again. Can you add something in outline. That would be very kind.



Man’s Place in universe
Outline
Universe size
Discoveries
Habitable universe
Our place in universe

Introduction
Universe expands beyond our imagination. When we think about a limit, a question about limit blinks in our minds. We ask ourselves what would be out of the limit. This iterative questioning about limits has never been solved by humans. Humans had to bear with the vista of our vast universe with dozens of questions in mind. In dark nights they would look at moon and stars, comets and planets and meteors and wonders of eclipses. For centuries question of our place in this limitless universe of lord bamboozled us. Humans created theories about our place.
In early time of human civilization we had very few knowledge about universe. We said we are the in the centre of universe and everything else revolves around us. Later in 17th century the idea surfaced that this is not the case. Further with the discovery of laws of orbits we depicted solar system and came to the conclusion that we are part of a star-planet system. Now we know that we are a part of Solar system that himself is a part of Milkeyway which is further a part of local-group of galaxies.
According to Earth-Sky blog our galaxy contains nearly 100 billion stars. Nearly 20% of them have a habitable zone where planets orbit. These planets may nourish life. Man has successfully stepped onto moon. Similarly man is near to walk on mars. Presence of water on Martian surface has been conformed although none of the water molecules found till date.
Even today we are not able to answer the question but another version of the same question. What are our immediate surroundings? This is the result of tireless efforts of astronomers and scientists. We are a part of solar system third in number from Mercury to Pluto, the last dwarf planet. We have a moon having its radius almost 1/4th of that of Earth. Solar system sits in the Orion Spur which is a minute arm of Milkeyway between Pursues and Sagittarius arms. Milkeyway is a middle sized galaxy with 100 billion stars. These stars are in variety of sizes, radiations and luminosity. Milkeyway is a member of Local group of galaxies.

A World without women

1.Introduction
2. A world without
(A) A mother
(B) A sister
(C) a daughter
(D) A wife
3. The fundamental existence of women
(A) In a society
(B) In a religion
4. What if women had not existed
5. Conclusion/Reflection

We have to write the place of a man in the universe, not the place of universe. Try to ponder over every word of a subject.