Differentiate between the following pairs


a) Science and Everyday science
b) Basic and Applied science
c) Evolution and Revolution
d) Science and Enlightened moderation
e) Theory and Law
f) Observation and Hypothesis

il try to answer few
B: Science is basically a way to define how things works. what is the whole phenomenon behind the numerous processess that we observe around ourselves. To answer such question in simple and understanding way we have devised some formulae and laws which govern these processes. these terms are included in science.

While applied science is the branch of science that deals with application of scientific facts and discoveries for the benifit for the common human being so as to continue the human desire to excel in the technology. This deals with the industrial approach of the basic science.

C: Evolution is the gradual change of something that means it will survive or thrive better in a given environment. Revolution is a rapid and radical change.It doesn't imply that the result will be better suited to the environment in which it find itself. For example you might have a revolution to over throw a government, but it doesn't mean that the nation will be any better that the previous one. Evolution of the way people are governed on the other hand means slower and less radical changes: some of which may be deadends if they don't suit the circumstances.

E:
Laws are generalizations about what has happened, from which we can generalize about what we expect to happen. They pertain to observational data. The ability of the ancients to predict eclipses had nothing to do with whether they knew just how they happened; they had a law but not a theory.
Theories are explanations of observations (or of laws). The fact that we have a pretty good understanding of how stars explode doesn't necessarily mean we could predict the next supernova; we have a theory but not a law.


F:
this is basically a difference between a FACT , HYPOTHESIS and OBSERVATION
The hypothesis is your guess of what will happen with the experiment before you do it. Observation is watching the experiment as it is being performed and observing what is taking place
In popular usage, a theory is just a vague and fuzzy sort of fact and a hypothesis is often used as a fancy synonym to `guess'. But to a scientist a theory is a conceptual framework that explains existing observations and predicts new ones. For instance, suppose you see the Sun rise. This is an existing observation which is explained by the theory of gravity proposed by Newton. This theory, in addition to explaining why we see the Sun move across the sky, also explains many other phenomena such as the path followed by the Sun as it moves (as seen from Earth) across the sky, the phases of the Moon, the phases of Venus, the tides, just to mention a few. You can today make a calculation and predict the position of the Sun, the phases of the Moon and Venus, the hour of maximal tide, all 200 years from now. The same theory is used to guide spacecraft all over the Solar System.

A hypothesis is a working assumption. Typically, a scientist devises a hypothesis and then sees if it ``holds water'' by testing it against available data (obtained from previous experiments and observations). If the hypothesis does hold water, the scientist declares it to be a theory.

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