TOPIC NO-1
EVOLUTION AND GROWTH OF MUSLIM SOCIETY IN SUB- CONTINENT

The Arabs to the Indian sub continent as traders long before they came as invaders.
• Earliest contacts of Islamized Arab with Indian sub continent
Since the first appearance on the world stage, Islam has had close relation with sub continent
1. In the region of Hazrat Umar Farooq(R, A) (634-644), Sarafqi who governed Oman sent an expedition to Thana and Barouch without seeking permission of caliph.

2. Hazrat Usman(R, A) sent an expedition through Baluchistan into Sindh to gather information about the people of India.

3. Hazrat Ali (R, A) appointed Muahlib to pursue sub continent
• Muhammad bin Qasim and the conquest of Sindh
Muhammad bi Qasim was conquest Sindh in 712 A.D
• Muhammad bin Qasim recalled and post Qasim developments.



• Muslim intrusion from the north
• Ghaznavid Density
• Subuktugin

• Sultan Mahmood Ghaznavi, the idol broker

• Critical analysis of sultan Mahmood Ghaznavi
• Ghurid Dynsity
• Expansion of Muslim power from the Indus valley to India
• First battle of Tarain
• Second battle of Tarain
• Muhammad Ghaurni
• Delhi Sultanate

Advent of Mughals in sub continent in 1526

• Five Dynasty ruled on sub continent

1. Slave or Mamulak Dynasty (1206-1290)
2. Khiliji dynasty (1290-1320)
3. Taghlak Dynasty(1320-1412)
4. Sayyed Density (1414-1451)
5. Lodhi Dynasty ( 1451-1526)

• Delhi Sultanate and Islam

Majority of saints and Sufi came to the Indian sub continent in the reign of Dehly sultanate

• Mughal Dynasty (1526-1857)

Factors contributing towards the spread of Islam in sub continent

• Arrival of mystics and missionaries

• Inter marriages

• Irresistible appeal of Islamic teaching
Monotheism, equality, tolerance, justice

• Financial aid to religious seminars

• Liberation from caste system

• Escaping from Jazya( poll tax)











Topic no-2
ROLE OF SUFIS AND SAINTS


The efforts rendered by the Sufis in the propagation of Islam are unforgettable innumerable and splendid


The origin of the Sufis

Two concepts

1. derived from( suf) woolen robe worn by early Sufis
2. derived from (safa) meaning purity in Arabic

Sufis and their contribution in spread of Islam in sub continent

• The Sufis thought
1. simple faith
2. the mercy of God
3. the pleasure of honest dealing
4. fellow feeling
5. the nearness of God
6. the duties and responsibilities of men in respect to other men
7. the power of the prayer
8. the beauties of the faith

The Sufis way of propounded the teaching of Islam


Sufis orders or silslas


• Chishti order

Founded by Khwaja Abdul chishti in heart

• Suharwardi order

Founded by sheikh Shabudin Umar Suharwardi at Baghdad

• Naqshbandi order

Founded by Khwaja Baqi Billah

• Qadria order
Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jillani founded this order in Baghdad






Topic no- 3
THE CAUSES OF DICLINE OF MUSLIMS AND RISE OF BRITISH

1. Internal factors
• Wars of succession

The mughal had faild to develop the law of succession

• The incompetent successors of Aurangzeb

The successors of Aurangzeb were not comptenent enogh to administrate the vast mughal empire

• Internal intrigues

The mughal were angage, in fighting against the nobles accelerated the demise the once mighty mughal Empire

• Moral decadence of Muslim society

I H qureshi say’s that, the foremost cause of the loss of political power was a crisis in the mughal character itself

• Financial straits

The war of independence, rebillions and luxurious style of living lead the mughals towards financial crisis

• Demoralized and in efficient army

In the mughals army there was some ethinic groups which leads it to demoralized like afghan, Persian, and centeral Asian









• Absence of Navel power

The mighals have no navy, only maintain small ships

• Rise of independent dynasts vast mughal empire divided into several states like Deccan , Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa

• Rise of Marathas and Sikhs

The Marathas and Skis rise as rebellion
2. External factors

Incursion of nadir shah

• In 1738 the Persian king nadir shah attacked on Delhi and defeated mughal king Muhammad shah

• Attack by Ahmed Shah Abdali

Between 1748 and 1761 he launched five attacks

• Rise of British

British came into sub continent as a trader






Topic no-4

SHAIKH AHMED SIRHANDI (MUJJADID ALIF SANI) (1564-6124)

The one who restored pure doctrine to the Islamic thought

Birth and early life

• He born in 1564 in Sirhand ( east Punjab, India )
• He studied hadith , tafsir , ( commentary )and maqul( philosophy ) from his father sheikh Abdul ahead


Conditions at the time of Mujaddid Alif Sani

The Muslim society degenerated when mujaddid alif sani appear on the horizon

• Ill effect of den I illahi

• Decay of Muslim society

1. Ban on cow slaughter
2. jizya on non-Muslim lifted
3. other religions culture penetrated into the Muslims life
4. the Muslims were becoming indifferent to the teachings of sharpie
5. belief on karamt ( miracles of the saint )
6. high offices were in the hands of Hindus
7. inter marriages between Hindu and Muslims
8. stagnant Muslim society

• doctrine of wahdat ul wajood


• steps taken by Mujaddid alif sani

1. correspondence with eminent personalities
2. the doctrine of wahdat ul shauhud
3. the strict adherence to sunnah and shariah
4. campaign for the imposition of jazya
5. reformation through literary work

• The impact of mujaddid alif sani’s teaching

• Mujadid alif sani and two nation theory


Topic no-5

SHAH WALIULLAH (1703-1762)

INTRODUCTION

• Biographical sketch
• Efforts of preserving Muslim rule in India
• Translation of Holy Quran
• Conciliation between Muslims
• Shah Waliullah and Ijtihad
• Equitable Distribution of wealth
• Adoption of Islamic practices
• Moral reform of Muslim community
• All embracing nature of Islam
• Literary works of Shah Waliullah
a- Hujjatullah al Baligha
b- Izalat Khifa
c- Insaf fi Bayan Sahib al Ikhtlaf
• Letter by Shah Waliullah

Impacts of Shah Waliullah Teachings





Topic no-6

ALIGARH MOVEMENT

• Background
• Life of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan

*Born: October 17, 1817 at Delhi
*Died in 1898
• SIR SYED AHMED KHAN’S services for the Renaissance of Muslim
• Educational aspect of Aligarh movement
• Scientific society
• M A O collage
• Muhammedan Educational conference
• Political philosophy of SIR SYED
• Reconciliation with British
• SIR SYED and congress
• Proponent of two nation theory
• Urdu-Hindi controversy
• SIR AYED and separate electorate
• SIR SYED’S literary work
1. TAHZEIB UL IKHLAQ ( refinement of Morals)
2. TABEEN UL KALAM
3. KHUTBA E AHMEDIYA
4. RISALA AHKUM U TAUM AHLE KITAB
5. CHAMPIAN FOR THE CAUSE OF URDU
• Impact of the ALIGARH movement
1. educational uplift
2. political awareness of Muslim \
3. conciliation between Muslim and British
4. promotion of two nation theory
5. moral reformation of the Muslim society
6.




Topic no-7

Deoband movement

Introduction

1. Establishment of darul aloom deoband ( house of learning ) was founded on may , 30, 1867. founders were MAULANA QASIM NANOOTI, MULANA REHMAN and MAULANA ZAFAR ALI.

2. Syllabus of Darul Aloom Deoband

1. Arabic
2. Kalam
3. Jurispridence
4. Quranic exegesis
5. Hadis
6. Tibb

3. Renowned scholars of deoband
• MAULANA RASHID AHMED GANGOOHI
• MAULANA MAHMMOOD UL HASSAN ( SHAIKH UL HIND)
• MAULANA UBAID ULLAH SINDHI
• MAULANA SYED MUHAMMAD KASHMIRI
• SYED AHMED HUSSAIN MADNI
• MAULANA SHABIR AHMED USMANI

4. Philosophy of Deoband

5. Deoband on the Political plane

6. Deoband and Congress

7. Antagonism between Aligarh and Deoband

8. Establishment of Jamiat ul ansar (1905)

9. Jamiat e ulema e hind-political arm of Deoband (1919)

10. Jamiate ulma e Islam (1946)

Critical analysis of Deoband



Topic no-8

NADVATUL ULEMA, LUKHNOW

• Background

• Establishment (1894)

• Founding fathers were
1. MAULANA ABDUL GAFEER KANPURI
2. MAULANA ABDUL HYE
3. MULVI ABDUL GAFOOR

• Aims and objectives

1. To produce graduates equipped with both religious and secular knowledge
2. To beidge difference between ulemas and strives for unanimous fatwas
3. Welfare of Muslims

• Shibli and Nidva
He joined nadva in 1904

• Achievements

Nadva produced a galaxy of scholars, some of them were
• Sayed Suleman Nadvi
• Raysat Ali Nadvi
• Abdul Hassan Nadvi

Nadvat ul ulema : an assessment




Topic-9

RESURGENCE OF MUSLIM POLITICAL FORCES

• Background
• Urdu-Hindi controversy
• Muslim reaction
• Belligerence of Hindus
• Arya Samaj
• Increase in anti muslim literature
• Attitude of congress
• Partition of Bengal and ensuing Hindu Agitation
• Fear of joint electorate
Success of simla deputation
Demands of simla deputation
1. separate electorate
2. weightage
the demand were supported by two st of arguments
a- that muslim still owned much of the landed property in India
b- that Muslim formed a large portion of army

3. government and judicial services



Topic no-10


• Introduction
• Annulment of the partition of Bengal
• Kanpur mosque incident
• Muslim demand for a university
• International developments
• Change in objectives
• Critical analysis


Topic no-11


ESTABLISHMENT OF ALL INDIA MUSLIM LEAGUE

All India muslim leagu was founded on December 30, 1906 at the 20th annual session of Mohammedan Educational Conference held at Dhaka

Aims and Objectives

1. To promote among the muslims of India feeling of loyality to the british government
2. To protect and advance the political rights and intrests of muslims and to respectfully represent their needs and aspirations to the government.
3. to prevent the rise among the muslims of India any feeling of hostility towards other communities


• according to K.K Aziz
The Muslim league was the child of four factors



Topic no-12



THE PARTION OF BENGAL AND ITS ANNULMENTS

The province of Bengal was large, and thickly populated, in order to overcome Problems the British government decided to partition of Bengal

• West Bengal

• Total population :54million
• Hindu population:42million
• Muslim population: 9million

• East Bengal
• Total population:31million
• Muslim population:18million
• Hindu population:12million

1. Muslims reaction to the partition of Bengal
2. Hindu reaction to the partition of Bengal
3. Hindu agitation
4. annulment of the partition of Bengal

Conclusion

Topic no-13

LUCKNOW PACT
• Background
• Causes of lucknow pact
• Importance of lucknow pact
• Lucknow pact an appraisal






Topic no14

KHALIFAT MOVEMENT

• Background
• Demands
• Establishment of all India khalifat movement (on march 20, 1919)
• Congress support to khilafat movement
• Non-cooperation movement
• Hijrat movement
• End of khilafat movement
• Chauri chura incident
• End of caliphate
• Critical analysis of khilafat movement

Topic no-15

SIMON COMMISSION
Introduction

Simon commission consisted on seven members of British parliament

• Reaction of Indian political parties
• Recommendation of Simon commission
• Conclusion

Topic no16

NEHRU REPORT

Background


• Recommendation of Nehru report
• Nehru report: an appraisal





Topic no17
JINNAH’S FOURTEEN POINTS

Background

• Jannah’s fourteen points

1. form of future constitution
2. provincial autonomy
3. adequate and effective representation
4. Muslim representation in central Legislature
5. Separate electorate
6. protection to Muslim majority in Punjab and Bengal
7. religious liberty
8. constitutional safeguard to minorties
9. sepration of sindh
10. reforms in N,F,W,P and Balouchistan
11. muslim representation in services and local bodies
12. protection of culture
13. Muslim representation in cabinets
14. amendments with the concurrence of states

Critical analysis






Topic no-18
ROUND TABBLE CONFERENCES
Introduction

First round table conference
• November, 12, 1930-january 19, 1931
• The delegates included
• 16 from U.K
• 16 from Indian state
• 16 from British India

Eight sub committees were formed
1. federal structure
2. provincial structure
3. sindh
4. N,W,F,P
5. Franchise
6. Defense
7. Services
8. Minorities

Gandhi-Irwin pact

Second round table conference

• September 8,1931- December 1,1931

Communal award 1932
Third round table conference

November 17, 1932-december 241932

Water paper (1933)







Topic no-19


GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT. 1935

• Silent features of GOI act 1935
• Reason of Muslim league defeat
• Congress Rule
• Refusal from collation
• GOI act, 1935 an appraisal
• Reaction of all India Muslim league
• The muslim masses contact campaign
• Dictatorship of congress
• Wardha scheme in education
• Atrocities on Muslim
• The language issue
• Singing of Bande Matram
• Economic strangulation of Muslims
• Nehru’s two Parties/ forces dictum
• Resignation of congress ministries , day of deliverance



Topic no- 20

CRIPPS MISSION

• Background
• Proposal of Cripps mission
• Reaction of Muslim league
• Reaction of congress
• Cripps mission and assessment


Quit India movement
QUAID-GANDHI TALKS






Topic no-21

WAVELL PLAN AND SIMLA CONFERENCE

• Introduction
• Proposal of Wavell plan
• Simla conference
• Reasons for deadlock
• Critical analysis



Topic no-22
GENERAL ELECTIONS (1945-46)

Election manifesto of congress and Muslim league

Muslim league
1. Muslim of India are a nation
2. Pakistan is only solution of Indian problem

Congress
1. congress represents all Indians and communities
2. India is remain one undivided country

Elections for central legislative assembly


Congress won 57 seats
Muslim league 30 seats
Independents 05 seats
Akali dal 02 seats
Europeans 08 seats

Election for Provincial legislative assemblies


The Muslim league made sweeping victories it won 446 seat out of a total 495 Muslim seats.


Conclusion




Topic no-23


CABINET MISSION

• Background
• Members of the cabinet mission
• Demands of congress
• Demands of Muslim league
• Cabinet mission plan
• Grouping of provinces
•
1. Group A

All Hindu majority provinces : Bombay, Madras, Bihar, Orissa, United provinces and Central provinces


2. Group B

Muslim majority provinces Sindh, Punjab, N, W, F, P and Baluchistan


3. Group C

Consist on eastern Muslim majority provinces, Bengal and Assam





• Reaction of Muslim league
• Reaction of congress

Formation of interim government


• Issue of representation
1. five from congress
2. 1 from Sikhs
3. 1 from Anglo Indians

Stance of congress

Discussion of the cabinet mission

The cabinet mission decicided to there would be 14 members in the crntral government
• 6 from congress
• 5 from Muslim league
• 1 Sikhs
• 1 Christen
• 1 Parsee


Partiality of the British and direct action

Conclusion


Topic no-24

3RD JUNE PLAN


• Background
• 3rd june plan ...........

thanks for sharing paper division, kindly if you can post topic no 6 and 7 as attachment or can email-me?