Shah Waliullah Movement
No doubt that whenever Islam was in danger, such a personalities were deputed by the Allah Almighty, who not only save it through their spiritual power but also gave it new life. The movement of Shah Waliullh was the first movement in the sub-continent that aimed at socio-economic and political-religious reformation of the degenerated Muslim society.
Background:
After the death of Aurangzeb Alamgir, the Mugul Empire (1707) cause havoc not only on the future of Mugul Empire but also on the future of the Islam and the Muslim of the sub-continent.
S.M Ikram said about the condition of the sub-continent that in the 18 century, Islam was faced with such terrifying problems as sectarian conflict, low moral value of society, poor understanding of Islam and the Holy Quran. In these circumstances, Shah Waliullah had come as a new sun in the sub-continent whose services gave the new life to Muslims of the sub-continent.
Early life and education:
 Shah Waliullah was born in 1703.
 Shah Abdur Raheem, his father was a sufi, saint and theologian who assisted Aurangzeb in the completion of “Fatawai-Alamgiri”.
 Shah waliullah got his early education form father in the field of the Quran, the Hadith, logic Metaphysics and Fiqh.
 He was taught at father’s madirasah for 12 year and after that he travelled to Arabia.
During stay at Makkah, Shah Waliullah had a dream in which Holy Prophet (PBUH) commanded him to work for the organization and emancipation of the Muslim community in the sub-continent.
Circumstances of the sub-continent at that time:
 The circumstances of the sub-continent were worse. There was no political unity and the
Country was divided into different states. There was no central authority.
 The weak successor of Aurangzeb had divided the country into different states. The situation had been made worse by defective law of succession, deject army and economic bankrupt. Moreover, the rectitude and identity of Islam was at state. The society becomes conundrum, like poor understanding of the Holy Quran and basic unawareness of the Islam. That made the circumstances more badly. And Islam was at the stage where it was losing its identity and true spirit.
 In these conditions, Shah Waliullah appeared as a great social reformer. He started the movement to bring back economic, social religious and political reforms and to protect the Muslims from external threat.
Religious reform:
 First time in the sub-continent, Shah Waliullah translated the Holy Quran in Persian language.
 He established the schools for the study of Hadith and selected “Imam Maliki’s Mutta” as the most authentic collection of Hadith.
 To create nbalance between the four schools of thought. He wrote :Al-insaf-fi-bayan sahib-al-Ikhtalaf”
 He was the first who signifies the importance of Ijtahad for the solution of complicated problems in everyday life.
 He tried to resolve the controversies among various schools of thoughts and gave a new life to the spirit of Islam.
Economic reform:
 In his famous book “hijat-ul-Bagah” , he noted out that social and economical factors were responsible for the problems in human society.
 Shah Waliullah elevate his voice for;
Economic equilibrium
Removal of inequalities
Equitable distribution of resources
Political reforms:
 Shah Waliullah wrote many letters to Ahmed Shah Abdali and encourage Majib-ul-Dula of Bengal to help him save the Muslim community.
 He gave a curshing defeat to Marhattas at Panipat.
Social reforms:
 Shah Waliullah gave the priority to basic right of human like justice, equality and brotherhood.
Conclusion:
 The credit of awakening the Muslim community goes to Shah Waliullah.
 The efforts of Shah Waliullah for the integration of whole Islamic structure would never be forgetten.
 He can be called “The founder of Neo-Islamization” of the Muslim ommunity in the sub-continent.
 It was the efforts of Shah Waliullah that other religious movements, such as movement of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and Syed Ahmed Shaheed flourished after him.
 His efforts and struggles throught his spiritual power not only save the true spirit of Islam but also save the Muslim society a new life.

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