i am also in

well it is a good idea but it can only be helpful to us if member make proper concise notes of every topic and share here !! i mean nobody wants to read full articles without any headings and lucidity!! so it does not matter whether the member who has taken the responsibility of a topic to take few days but make comprehensive notes of the topic covering its all aspects and keeping the related questions asked in previous papers regarding the topic into account.

i also want to join you people,,add me please

i also opted IR but didt start this subject,,also tell me which book should i follow ..i will also prepare the topics with you.

Prakash Chander
And
M.Ikram Rabbani
The books written by these two writers are enough .


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Today will be a discussion on our first topic, cold war, at 5.30.

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Friends are you there ?

Friends it's discouraging that you didn't take participation . If you really want to take participation here so be active please . By discussion, we don't mean that if don't have prepare the topic, you won't be able to take participation . Whether you are prepared or not you must be present here on time because the purpose of discussing the prepared topic has been just to memorize the events, definitions and to cover the whole aspects of the topics . So please be active. .......... !
Tomorrow we will discuss
a cold war.
5.30 PM

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Cold War refers to the intense rivalry that developed after World War II (1939-1945) between groups of Communist led by Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.), and non-Communist nations led by USA. It is called cold war because though it involved intense power struggle, as exists in war, but no physical fighting took place. The cold war happened because of the attempts of the USSR to forcibly extend communist rule to other countries. This was opposed by the USA and its allies on grounds of ideological opposition to communism as well as fear of dominance of the world by USSR.

The cold war tension started immediately after end of World War II with USSR acting against some of the agreements reached between the allied countries regarding treatment of Germany and other countries in Eastern Europe freed from German control. At the Yalta conference held in 1945. the USA, UK and the USSR leaders had agreed to hold democratic elections in the liberated countries. However, Stalin refused to honour these commitment after the end of war. He cut off nearly all contacts between the West and the territories it controlled in Eastern Europe, and began to take action to install communist Governments there. As a result, by 1948, Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Albania, and Yugoslavia all had Communist governments. In response USA decided to actively oppose spread of communism. USA adopted a policy in March 1947 to help any free nation resist Communist attack.

In 1949 the Countries on side of USA formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) to Oppose USSR. Similarly in1949, the USSR set up the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON) to unite the Communist-ruled states.

The two warring groups also had differences over question of developing and stocking nuclear weapons. They engaged in kind of a race to develop nuclear and other military capabilities. There was similar race in the field of space exploration also. All this further increased the mutual distrust and fear between the two warring groups.

The victory of communists in China in 1949 further added to the fear of communism among USA and its allies. Though there were no direct wars between USA and USSR, there were wars in different countries supported by the opposing groups of the cold war. This includes wars in countries Korea, Vietnam and Afghanistan.

However, by about 1970's the futility of the the Cold war was becoming clearer to both the sides. Also there were some disunity within each group. A a result some initiatives for reducing the cold war tension were taken. As a result the agreement over status of Berlin was reached in 1972 and Germany joined the United Nations in 1973. A Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) agreement was reached between the USA and the USSR was reached in 1972. China and the USA established diplomatic relations in 1979. We can say the cold war finally came to an end in 1991 with the Soviet Communist party loosing control of the Soviet government and the USSR breaking up into a number of independent, non-Communist states.

Shezi khanz do you mean Pakistan affairs by M Ikram rabbani???

No, international law by M.Ikram Rabbani

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Does it covers the syllabus of IR???

Yeah, it's written according to the new syllabus, just for Css aspirants.

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I am in.

Mr! Will your grace please let us get us out of the worst confusion you have created? Is it a thread initiated for I.R or INTERNATIONAL Law?