English Precis:

Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif’s back-channel initiative has given rise to a flurry of speculations and anxiety in the country. The media on both sides of the border is running wild with assumptions of all sorts. With a narrow tunnel-vision overview of the India-Pakistan relation’s history and little comprehension of the intricacies of the regional as well as global dynamics, commentators of all sorts are spreading uncertainty if not confusion. While some are drawing doomsday scenarios with a likely sell-out on Kashmir, others see an India-Pakistan ‘peace’ around the corner.
What is being ignored in the process is that back-channel diplomacy is never an upright or honourable conflict-resolving mechanism and is only an unofficial means of communication between states or other political entities used as an alternative to the regular diplomatic channel of communication. The back-channel diplomacy is used when two or more adversaries wish to engage in secret dialogue often through informal intermediaries or through a third party with the purpose of brokering a ‘shady deal’ or understanding on sensitive issues escaping the media gaze and public attention. The modality may be well-motivated, but the ends at times are controversial, if not mala fide.
The back-channel has mostly been used by the US in communicating with its adversaries or brokering ‘peace’ between its allies and friends in pursuit of its own larger global agenda or interests. Two glaring examples in contemporary history are US-brokered peace processes that culminated into the Camp David Accords between Egypt and Israel in 1978 leading to the normalisation of relations between the two countries in January 1980 and the Oslo Accords in 1993 between PLO and Israel, providing for the creation of a Palestinian interim self-government called Palestinian National Authority (PNA) with the responsibility of administering the West Bank and Gaza Strip to be vacated by the Israeli forces.
If experience is any lesson, secret deals negotiated in back-channels are never lasting and rarely guarantee honourable solutions for the weaker side. Both the Camp David and Oslo Accords, if anything, further divided the Arab world and eventually resulted into the assassination of Egypt’s President Anwar el-Sadat in 1981 and PLO Chief Yasser Arafat in 2004 through suspected poisoning. The final settlement of the Palestinian issue as well as durable peace in the Middle East are nowhere in sight.
In our own case, the notorious US-brokered NRO deal as well as General Pervez Musharraf’s dubious out-of-the-box Kashmir deal again under US pressure were also the product of back-channel diplomacy carried out for motivated reasons and self-serving interests of the players involved.
The NRO’s immediate casualty was Benazir Bhutto, the key player in the deal. She was assassinated in December 2007 in Rawalpindi under most tragic circumstances. The other main casualty were the people of Pakistan, who after Benazir Bhutto’s tragic and never-to-be investigated murder were subjected to a long spell of loot and plunder by the NRO-based government. The people have still not recovered from that legacy of disaster and hardship.
Musharraf’s back-channel on Kashmir was also no less than a disaster. After his October 1999 military coup, in order to remain relevant to Washington’s post-9/11 agenda, he made a u-turn in his India policy and abandoned Pakistan’s principled stand on Kashmir. His out-of-the-box Kashmir solution was nothing, but legitimisation of the ‘status quo’ that in itself is the problem, not a solution.
Earlier in the aftermath of 9/11 tragedy, while the US was launching its anger-driven military campaign in Afghanistan, India tried to take advantage of the global anti-terror sentiment. After staging two successive attacks, first on the Kashmir State Assembly building on October 1, 2001, and the second on India’s Parliament building in New Delhi on December 13, 2001, in a blatant show of brinkmanship, it moved all its armed forces to Pakistan's borders as well as along the Line of Control in Kashmir. Pakistan was blamed for both the incidents without any investigations or a shred of evidence. South Asia was dragged into a confrontational mode. Intense pressure from major powers averted what could have been a catastrophic clash between the two nuclear-capable states.
Since then, the India-Pakistan peace process has remained hostage to India’s opportunistic mindset and the vagaries of the region’s geopolitics. As part of its sinister campaign, India has been implicating Pakistan in every act of terrorism on its soil and has kept the dialogue process hostage to its policy of redefining the India-Pakistan issues. It blamed Pakistan for successive attacks on a train in Mumbai in July 2006, Samjhota Express in February 2007, Indian Embassy in Kabul in July 2008, and finally the Mumbai attacks on November 26, 2008, which like the earlier ones are also now alleged to have been staged with ulterior motives.
Indeed, with Varma-Mani disclosures of the reality of two major incidents, the New Delhi Parliament attack in December 2001 and the Mumbai attacks in November 2008, the back-channel would, perhaps, be the best forum for both sides to rise above the blame game. The challenge for them now is to overcome their mistrust and return in good earnest to the composite dialogue that remains suspended since last year. It is primarily in this context that Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif’s back-channel initiative should be seen.
But any expectations in India to be able to nudge Pakistan to pick up the threads from where they were left in General Musharraf’s ‘back-channel’ diplomacy would just be wishful thinking. No matter what the Indians expect or say, the PML-N is committed to a principled position on Kashmir and cannot afford any secret deal on this issue. Nawaz Sharif knows that there is but one fair, just, legal and moral solution to Kashmir which was provided by the United Nations, and which both India and Pakistan mutually accepted.
The wishes of the Kashmiri people will have to be ascertained impartially, in conditions of freedom from military coercion. This is the crux of the Kashmir issue. On other issues, Nawaz Sharif cannot ignore India’s illegality in Siachen and its ongoing water terrorism in Occupied Kashmir by building dams and reservoirs on Pakistani rivers in violation of the Indus Waters Treaty. Trade with India requires a level playing field.
The government must build a national consensus on our India policy, which would require transparency and domestic confidence-building through genuine “debate and consensus” in parliamentary chambers, not in shady back-channels. It will only strengthen its hands and reinforce Pakistan’s negotiating position in any dialogue with India.

EDS

Skeletal system

Cardio vascular system and its diseases



Election of 1945

to

Radcliff Award

English Expansion

an ape’s an ape, a varlet’s a varlet, though they be clad in silk or scarlet

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Pak Affairs

Birth of a Nation and death of Jinnah

. Interim const (The govt of India act 1935
. Partition of Punjab: The carnage and refugees probs
. The Kashmir issue
. Jinnah's death 1948

The objective resolution

. Proposed amendments
. The debate on religious minorities
. resolution adopted

Controversies within the constinuent assembly

. Basic principles committee and its interim report
. Report of committe on fundamental rights and matters relating to minorities
. Assassinitation of Liaquat ali khan 1951
. Report of basic committee
. The Muhammad ali formula.
. Elections in East Pakistan
. Amending acts 1954
. Dissolution of constituent assembly and proclamation of a state emergency


EDS

All diseases.


English precis


I have a shadowy memory of desperately turning the pedals of my tricycle in a bid to follow a grey-haired man as he walked amongst the flowerbeds. Suddenly, the figure in front of me stopped, allowing me to catch up with him, lifted me out of the seat and then pointed to an object on the ground.
I stood fascinated by the two inch tall umbrella-like white ‘thingy’ growing out of a patch of grass near a small manure pile. The old man bent down, scrutinised the object rather intently and apparently satisfied with his inspection, plucked it out of the ground with words, “let’s go and ask your mother to cook it.” This was my first encounter with a ‘khumbi’ or the universally acclaimed ‘mushroom’.
As I came of age, my interest in gardening and everything that grew in it developed into a passion, but the memory of my first ‘khumbi’ always stayed with me.
I also came to know that all mushrooms were not edible and that those with bright colours were most likely to contain deadly toxins, which could kill an adult human being in minutes. Thankfully, edible mushrooms are now raised in farms under carefully controlled conditions and can be bought at no great expense from any large grocery store.
Information sources describe the mushroom as the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground - on soil or on its food source. A mushroom consists of a stem, a cap and gills or pores on the underside of the cap.
Many mushroom species seemingly appear overnight, growing or expanding rapidly. This phenomenon is the source of the common English Language expressions "to mushroom" or "mushrooming" (expanding rapidly in size or scope) and "to pop up like a mushroom" (to appear unexpectedly and quickly). In reality, all species of this fungus take several days to form primordial mushroom fruit bodies, though these do expand rapidly by the absorption of fluids.
Historically, mushrooms have long been considered to have medicinal value and while traditional Chinese medicine has been using them for treatment of various maladies since centuries, modern medical research has begun focusing on them only since the 1960s.
Mushrooms are also known by the rather unsavoury name of ‘Toadstools’ and it is, perhaps, due to this that picture stories featuring fairies, elves and gnomes always have these umbrella-like structures as an essential part of their layout. A stroll round the garden in the monsoon season is most likely to reveal an assortment of this fungi sprouting in the grass. For those interested in gardening, this is a welcome sight, as mushrooms aka toadstools break up and consume garden waste.
I remember being told as a child that the umbrella-like growth dotting our lawn was a “saamp ki chatri” or “snake’s umbrella.” This was, in all probability, a bid to deter us from playing hide and seek in the luxuriant monsoon undergrowth for fear of snakes. If memory serves me correctly, this did not in any way diminish our daily forays into overgrown areas of the compound.
A subterranean wild mushroom called the ‘truffle’ is very highly prized for its flavour and truffle hunters are known to use trained dogs that sniff out this elusive and rare delicacy from its underground habitat. A truffle’s status in the culinary world can be judged from the fact that a Macao casino owner paid a record price of 330,000 US dollars for a 1.5 kilogram single white specimen harvested in Pisa, Italy, by a truffle hunter and his dog.
So next time dear readers, if you happen to stumble upon some toadstools growing out of some mouldy part of your garden, do not look upon them with distaste or scorn for this lowly fungus is an essential part of the balance that drives our ecosystem.

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Sufficient for us is Allah , and [He is] the best Disposer of affairs.

1. Congo fever
2. Bird flu
3. Rubella
4. Diptheria
5. Pertusis (whooping cough)
6. Filariasis
7. Leishmaniasis
8. Sleeping sickness
9. Scabies
10. Rabies
11. Addison's disease
12. Anthrax
13. Goiter
14. Leprosy
15. Rheumatic fever
16. Scarlet fever
17. Sickle cell disease
18. Viral Hemorrhagic fever
19. Beri Beri
20. Heamophilia
21. Marasmus
22. Nyctalopia (night blindness)
23. Pellagra

For Wednesday August 7,2013

EDS
Lecture 17,18,19 (Differences and Some Important Definitions)

Pakistan Affairs
Constitution 1962 and 1973

Expansion
2. Charity is a universal duty, which it is in every man's power sometimes to practice.
3. Slow and steady wins the race.
4. He who follows two hares catches neither.

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