I think the major cause of G.W is the presence of CFC's from industries, vehicles and house hold etc. coz thse are the highly reactive gases and can break the strong bond of O3 (that can not be broken by any other gas) and in this context the participation of Green House effect is very less than that of CFC's. CFC's not only increase the temperature of the atmosphere but they break ozone layer and then the incoming ultraviolet and infrared waves increase the temperature of the surface of the earth which further heats up the core of the earth causing inner magma to heat up and then burst out of the earth in form of volcanic erruption and some times earth quakes.

I think due to G.W the economic , social and environmental aspects of the world are also influenced.

Well, the essay i wrote in exam was on G.W and is available Here

@ Qurrat....Good points..........In both essays.....Well i had these points in my mind but just Time...because of dis couldnt able to transform....
any How good to see u are Pointing and giving more information...thanx...keep it up...

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BAN

@ Qurratulain

Chief source of Global Warming is increased percentage of green house gases in the atmosphere. CFCs mainly relate to the phenomenon of destruction of Ozone layer. Destruction of Ozone layer is different issue than to the issue of Global Warming, though some interlinks between these two things do exist.

And yes,, as far as issue of Ozone layer destruction is concerned, the main credit goes to these CFCs because green house gases have little to do with Ozone layer destruction.

And Ozone layer is a shield against only excessive ultraviolet radiation... i.e. not against infrared. (see wikipedia with key term 'ozone').

The process of Global Warming, in brief, is that first short-wave light radiations strike with the surface of earth. The earth, then bounces back most of those striking short-wave radiations. But after having 'bounced back', those radiations are no more 'short-wave light waves', but have been changed into long-wave heat waves (i.e. infrared)...

It is due to the fact that whether waves would be short-wave or long-wave, would depend on the surface temperature of source of those waves.

If surface temperature of the source of radiations were much high (as high as 5000 degrees ... i.e. surface of sun), then waves would be short-wave light waves. But if surface temperature from where the same waves have been bounced-off, is much low (like surface temperature of earth), then those bounced-off waves would be long wave (infrared) heat waves.

Now see that light waves when bounced off by earth surface, would be turned into heat waves. It’s meaning is that we do not get 'heat' directly from sun. The source of 'heat' is the surface of our own earth, which changes the incoming light waves into out going heat waves. This thing is responsible for the fact that temperature reduces with the increase in altitude because high altitudes are far from the surface of earth, the source of heat. That’s why temperature of Murry is lower than that of Islamabad.

Secondly, the heat, which we feel, is not equivalent to those infrared waves in pure form. In order that our atmosphere be ‘heated’ there must be something in the atmosphere which can absorb and ‘store’ that outgoing infrared waves. Such things in the atmosphere are water vapors and other green house gases. These vapors and gases can absorb and store the out going infrared waves and our atmosphere is thus ‘heated’ in this way.

This process can be explained with the help of a simple example… Suppose you are sitting in a stationary car in open sunshine. It would not be too hot inside the car if glass windows are open… but if glass widows are shut down…. Then there would be too much heat inside car. It is so because incoming short-wave light waves can penetrate the glass window… but outgoing long-wave heat radiations cannot be escaped from the same glass window. So the resulting heat shall be stored inside the car. And this is exactly the green house effect……..!!!!!!!

The presence of green house gases in atmosphere plays the role of glass windows… If there are less green house gases, less outgoing waves be stored but if there is more quantity of greenhouse gases, then more heat (outgoing waves) shall be absorbed and stored by the atmosphere. Since the over-all percentage of greenhouse gases is on the increase, due to the activities of humans,,, so the global level of heat is also on the increase.

And CFCs or this greenhouse effect etc. would have no effect to the internal magma of earth… Magma is produced due to earth’s own internal heat… which is the result of radio-active decay inside the core of earth.,

But eruptions of volcanoes etc. would also increase the percentage of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere…

Thanks!

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Where is the SIGNATURE....????

Strategies for the alleviation of poverty

Introduction
What is Poverty
How are poors
Poverty at national level
How Poverty is Measured
Through GDP
Through GNP
Poverty Line
Causes of Poverty
Strategies To Alleviate
Boosting Economic Growth
Reforms in Tax Net
Proper Utilization of Govt.Revenue
Social Sector Development
Private Sector Development
Education
Foreign Investment
Encourging Trade removing trade barriers
Industrial Development
Public Debt
Debt Relief from Debt Agencies and Organizations
Direct aid
Millennium Development Goals
Miscleaneous
Conclusion

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BAN

salam,

Here r some more Essays
1) Humanism
2) The end of cheap oil
3) All recorder history is contemporaneous
4) Pluralistic vision of Islam
5) Longing for Love
6) "A long Dispute means that both parties are wrong"
7) Modern Banking, finance and employment are part of one single paradigm
8) Peer Pressure
N impossible , where r u?There r so many topics?



There r more essay titles:
1.Menace of human trafficking
2.should higher education b provoided for the selected few only?
3.the need and importance of tolerance and moderation in politics
4.Is modern civilisation a failure?
5.The power and responsibility of the press.
6.moral standard in international affairs
This land of the pure
Regards

See essay on Humanism by Miss. Qurratulain (moderator css forum) Here

See essay on Peer Pressure by Miss Naqvi (Member css forum) Here


Regards!

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Where is the SIGNATURE....????

@Humayun

Your outlines on poverty are superb, As i've been doing post mortem of your all outlines i'll carry on my job here as well.

Firstly you mentioned three methods of measuring poverty as follows:

* GDP
* GNP
* Poverty Line

According to my knowledge GDP and GNP have nothing directly to do with the poverty measurement. Yes they can be secondary factors but the authentic methods of measuring poverty are:

* Head Count Ratio
* Basic Needs Approach
* Poverty of Opportunity

All three methods basically work with the help of poverty line.

Secondly i'd expand the causes of Poverty, they may be as follows:

* Increasing population
* Low GDP and low per capita income
* Inflation
* Low investment
* Insufficient provision of basic infrastructure for the production of consumer goods
* Improper distribution of investment in consumer goods and luxuries
* Disbalance if Fiscal policy and Monetary Policy
* Lack of skill development

Thirdly i totally agree with your suggestions to alleviate poverty. and lastly don't mind on post mortem of your work. You can proceed with a counter attack.

Regards,

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Salam,
There r some more essays

(css2003) Write a comprehensive and
analytical essay on ONE of the following topics. Write clearly.

1. Formal and Casual dressing Codes.
2. Attitude of indifference.
3. "Only the wisest and stupidest of men never change".———Kung Fu-lzu Confucius.
4. Dilemma of the water and energy crisis in Pakistan.
5. Art Critics and reviewers.
6. Young habits die-hard.
7. Existentialism.

(PCS 2000)

Is pakistan ready to meet challenges of 21st century?
Discuss ur response keeping in view Pakistan stance in the sfhere of education, socioeconomic , n technologic achievements.

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Thanx for senior members 4 their input.

@khuram
Thanx 4 the urls.they were very good.1 question.Is there any website which answers queries about general knowledge questions?

regards

@ayesha11193

Click here for quick answers


Regards,

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'Every solution breeds new problems'

1. What is a problem?


2. How to resolve a problem?


3. What is a solution?

-- Types of solutions:

-- Prompt solutions

-- Late solutions

-- Others


4. Modus operandi for a best solution

-- Combine/group methods

-- Individual/singular methods

-- Others


5. Impacts of solutions:

-- Good impacts on problem

-- Bad impacts on problem

-- Good impacts on other things

-- Bad impacts on other things


6. Remedies to avoid bad impacts of a solution:

-- Be forthright

-- Think pragmatically

-- Consider from all sides

-- Don’t panic

-- Seek advice from others

-- Use the previous experience

-- Others


7. Model example


8. Conclusion

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The world is my oyster!