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Elucidate Ideology of Pakistan. What are the reasons which contributed for the development of two-nation-theory? Is two-nation-theory relevant after the fall of Dacca? Discuss.(2007)

IDEOLOGY:-
Wikipedia:- An ideology is a set of conscious and unconscious ideas that constitute one's goals, expectations, and actions
Autoine De Tracy Def: From Ikram Rabbani
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Karl Manneheim Def From Ikram Rabbani
Meaning of Ideology:_
The word "Ideology is French in origin, It is made up of two components namely 'idea' and 'logos'. Ida means concept and logo means studies.
WEBSTER’s MEANING:_Here's what Webster's dictionary gives us for ideology:
1 : visionary theorizing 2 (a) : a systematic body of concepts (b) : a manner or the content of thinking characteristic of an individual, group, or culture
(c) : the integrated assertions, theories, and aims that constitute a sociopolitical program.
Components of ideology:-
1.Common Religion The effects of religion produce a certain way of thinking. The traditions and the social behaviour of all the individuals become same due to the teachings of religion. Thus religion constitutes a collection of certain thoughts which later appears in the form of an ideology.
2. Common Culture:_ The way of life of the people belonging to a certain region or geographical environment has some special values on the basis of common religion; the way of life constitutes the social life in the form of a civilized culture .
3. Common Causes:_ The people belonging to a certain religion or geographical environment constitute common social and economical causes for the solution of their problems, due to this their social behavior becomes same in this respect, and hence an ideology is formed among them. For example the achievement of Pakistan was a common cause under the influence of ideology
4. Sincere Dedication and Pledges:_ The pledges and sincere dedication are also necessary for an ideology because an ideology becomes successful only when all the people accept it completely. Thus a dedication is developed with the ideology, hence the power of the ideology increases. For example the Muslims of South Asia are highly dedicated to their common causes for seeking freedom and establishment of a Muslim State
Importance of Ideology:- It is not only a thought but it is also a feeling which awakens humans to progress To move forward & to fulfilments of desires Initially, we face difficulties, hurdles & problems At the end everlasting happiness It sets the mutual duties & rights of the humans
Islamic Ideology :_It is an ideology through which a society is formed in accordance with the teachings of the Holy Quran and Sunnah for spending the Islamic way of life. The four important guiding Islamic principles are :
1. Unity of Allah: It means the belief in oneness of Allah.
2. Prophet Hood: Finality of the prophet hood of Hazrat Mohammad (P.B.U.H).
3. Life Hereafter: It means all the mankind will be reborn after death. They wil be rewarded or punished according to their deeds in the worldly life.
4. Fundamentals of Islam: It includes Kalma, Salat, Fasting, Hajj and Zakaat.
Ideology of Pakistan :-The creation of Pakistan was unique in the sense that it was based on the ideological commitments in the light of the religion Islam. Ideology of Pakistan basically means that Pakistan should be a state where the Muslims should have an opportunity to live according to the faith and creed based on the Islamic principles. Covers the political, social, economical and religious aspects of human life Ideology of Islam is the ideology of Pakistan. Mahatma Gandhi, speaking in the second session of the Round table conference in London in 1931, said :-
“ The quarrel between Hindus and Muslims was ‘core view with the British advent’ in India. It would be difficult to maintain such a position historically because the conflict between Hindus and Muslims had started long before the emergence of the British power in India.”
. In an interview with Beverlay Nicholas, the founder of Pakistan Muhammad Ali Jinnah said in 1944:_
“ You must remember that Islam is not merely a religious doctrine but a realistic and practical code of conduct. I am thinking in terms of everything important in life. I am thinking in terms of our history, our heroes, our art, our architecture, out music, our laws, our jurisprudence”.
Following are some extracts from the speeches and statements which he delivered from time to time for explaining the ideology of Pakistan.
Address At Second Round Table Conference in 1931:-
Quaid-e-Azam believed that Congress and Hindus would never recognize the rights of Muslims. He declared while representing the Muslims in the second Round Table Conference in 1913:
"The Hindu Muslim dispute must be settled before the enforcement of any system or constitution. Until you do not give guarantee for the safeguard of the Muslim interests, until you do not win their (Muslims) co-operations, any constitution you enforece shall not last for even 24 hours."
Definition of a Nation :- A nation is a territory or country as political entity or a grouping of people who share real or imagined common history, culture, language or ethnic origin, often possessing or seeking its own government. (Wikipedia)
Two Nation Theory:- The phenomenon of Two-Nation theory originated with the advent of Islam in the Sub-Continent (712AD).Quaid-e-Azam once said: “ Pakistan was created the day the first Indian national entered the field of Islam.”
From the above statement, it is clear that ideology of Pakistan is an Islamic one.
Two Nation Theory means the cultural, political, religious, economic and social dissimilarities between the two major communities.Hindus and Muslims of the Sub Continent. These difference of out look ,in fact,were greatly instrumental in giving rise to two distinct political ideologies which were responsible for the partition of India into two independent states. It states that Muslims and Hindus are two separate nations from every definition; therefore Muslims should have a separate homeland in the Muslim majority areas of India, where they can spend their lives according to the glorious teachings of Islam.
Quaid-e-Azam and Two Nation Theory
Quaid-e-Azam was a firm advocate of two nation theory which became the ideological basis of Pakistan. He said:
"The Muslims are a nation by every right to establish their separate homeland. They can adopt any means to promote and protect their economic social, political and cultural interests."
Adress on 23rd March On 23rd March, 1940 at the historic session of the Muslim League at Lahore, he said:
"The Mussalmans are not a minority. They are a nation by any definition. By all canons of International law we are a nation."
Adress in Lahore In his presidential address at the annual session of Muslim League at Lahore in 1940. He said:
"India is not a nation, nor a country. It is a Sub Continent of nationalities. Hindus and Muslims being the two major nations. The Hindus and Muslims belong to two different religions, philosophies, social customs and literature. They neither intermarry nor inter dine and they belong to two different civilizations which are based mainly on conflicting ideas and conceptions. Their aspects on life and of are different. It is quite clear that Hindus and Muslims derive their inspiration from different sources of history."
Address at Muslim University
On March 8, 1944 while addressing the students of Muslim University, he said:
"Hindus and Muslims through living in the same town and villages had never been blended into one nation. They were always two separate entities."
Quaid-e-Azam and Millat-e-Islamia
He believed that only Islam was the unifying force of the Muslim Millat. He said:
"What relationships knits the Muslims into one whole, which is the formidable rock on which the Muslim edifice has been erected, which is the sheet anchor providing base to the Muslim Millat, the relationship, the sheet anchor and the rock is Holy Quran."
Address At Islamia College Peshawar
In 1946, at Islamia College Quaid-e-Azam declared:
"We do not demand Pakistan simply to have a piece of land but we want a laboratory where we could experiment on Islamic principles."
Address on 18th June 1945
In his message to the Frontier Muslim Students Federation, he said:
"Pakistan not only means freedom and independence but Muslim ideology, which has to be preserved which came to us as a precious gift and treasure and which we hope, other will share with us."
Reasons for the Evolution of two nation theory:-
Factors creating the idea of a separate homeland were as follows:
1. Anti Muslim Campaign
The Hindus and British joined hands to destroy the faith, belief, customs and national importance of Muslims because Muslim rebellion was creating much problem for both.

2. In Acceptance of British Rule
Muslims had been ruling the Sub-Continent for ages. Therefore, they could not resist any power over them. When British came to rule the Sub Continent, Muslims were the only nation who opposed them. Thus, in order to gain power, British had to crush the Muslims collectively.
3. Hindus Betrayed Muslims
In the beginning, Hindus appeared to be on Muslim's side, but later on their hostility was exposed as they opposed various steps taken by British Government which purely benefited Muslims.
4. Refusal of Muslim Identity
British wanted to implement parliamentary system in Sub-Continent in which the majority was the power and authority. due to Hindu majority it was probable that if British left India undivided, it would fall under the Hindus Rule. Further more, Hindus did not accept the separate identity of Muslims and thus, there were no chances of freedom even after the British rule.
5. War of 1857
In 1857, Muslims and Hindus tried to expel the British out of India but failed. Later due to Hindu conspiracies, Muslims were held responsible for it and hence were crushed further by British.

6. Sir Syed's Idea
Sir Syed for the first time put down the idea that Muslims are a separate nation. He convinced Muslims to unite themselves in order to have a separate social and political identity.
Relevance of two nation theory after fall of Dacca:-
Just before completing the silver jubilee of its independence, newly bornPakistangave birth to another independent country calledBangladesh. This happened so fast and events were triggered in such a way that not only people of West Pakistan but the whole world was shocked to see the emergence of another Islamic country “Bangladesh “on the world map from the country which was created in the name of Islam and got independence from India on the basis of two nation theory.

The Muslims of sub-continent were gathered for freedom by the founders of Pakistanon the basis of two nation theory that Hindus and Muslims are two different nations and they cannot live together. This dream of the separate state for Muslims came true on 14th August 1947 with the sacrifice of millions but unfortunately the dream was shattered when the population of this newly formed country faced the realities and challenges. The ruling elite of the country denied the basic rights of the common Pakistanis. The nation gathered in the name of Islam was soon divided into the ethnic, linguistic and sectarian basis and sense of alienation started to take place inEast Pakistan. Bengalis, who were the front runners in the struggle forPakistan along with the Mohajir community, were treated as third class citizens ofPakistan. For 24 years,East Pakistan was totally ignored in the social and economic development and all their resources were controlled by the federal government and the establishment of Punjabi dominance. Once the Bengalis realised that they have not been given equal chances to progress and prosper in the Pakistani society, Bengali nationalism got stronger day by day and the spirit of Pakistani nationalism started to weaken. The concept and message of two nation theory died soon when the Bengali Muslims raised their voice against the ruling elite and military establishment ofPakistan who also called themselves the champions of Islam. This new struggle for rights emerging from the population ofEast Pakistan proved that progress and prosperity has nothing to do with the conflict of religions but only the sense of participation, rule of law and justice could guarantee the unity among the Nation.
Conclusion
After 40 years of this tragic incident in the history ofPakistan, did we learn our lesson from the painful past? The answer is a big NO …

Bengalis were the first victims of our conspiracies and state atrocities and in spite of learning some lessons from the history, we were proud of our actions in 1971 and no one was held accountable for the mass murder inEast Pakistan.

Our political governments and military junta repeated the same episodes against the Mohajir community who were the pioneers ofPakistanand left everything behind forPakistan. In June 1992, Pakistani Army launched an operation against the representative party of Mohajirs inKarachiandHyderabadand in the period of nine years, thousands of men belonging to Mohajir community were killed.

We are now seeing the same state sponsored terrorism in Baluchistan where the Bloch’s are deprived of their rights and their resourceful land is being controlled by the rulers sitting inIslamabad.

From Dhaka toKarachiand now toBaluchistan, the characters have changed in the years but our state policy has remained the same.

The policy is to control the resources of Dhaka, occupy the port of Karachi and control the natural resources of Baluchistan by the use of brutal force and state power.

If we do not change our policies then God forbid fall of Dhaka could become the fall ofPakistan

I wonder over my own perception, l always took the emergence of Bangladesh just as an attack of territorial split, but now l got that that was also a shock to the two nation theory to some extent, and majorly an administrative fault. thanx alot Tehman for providing such useful post.

keep it up~~stay blessed..!!!

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keep it up Tehman, we'll keep following you and will mention qhere you can improve yourslf.

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Very good attempt. Keep it up!

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very well done