I also attempted exactly the same questions. Let’s match outline so as to see the difference where things have gone wrong.

The following answers are exactly the same as I wrote in the exam. There might have been slight variations but more or less the following were my answers.

15/16 MCQs were correct. I have been given 28 score in this subject. Please evaluate whether the following answers are really worth 28?
The following are answers in brief but I wrote them in detail in the exam.

Q. 4. Define “Economics as an instrument in foreign policy" and explain its fundamental characteristics which can help to achieve state's objectives.
Answer:
Economics as an instrument in foreign policy:
Foreign policy of any state is based on the following factors:
1. Security of the state concerned
2. Economic development of the state
3. Miscellaneous factors which may include role in non-aligned movement, in United Nations etc.

Previously, security of states played major role in foreign policy. Security concerns occupied centre stage in foreign policy. I gave example of foreign policies of axis and allied powers of World War 1 & 2. But presently, role of security in foreign policy has reduced to a greater extent. Presently, economics plays major role. Those states, which are economically developed, are also considered politically and socially developed; Economic development enhances political and social role at world stage. I gave examples of economies of China, Japan and the U.S.

Fundamental characteristics which can help to achieve state's objectives:

When a state promotes economics in her foreign policy, its relations with world at large improve, trade develops and standard of living of its people also improves. But before going ahead, we also need to identify the objectives of states. Basic objectives of every state include protection of its sovereignty, national integrity and economic welfare of its people. Let’s discuss how states can achieve these objectives when it promotes economics in it foreign policy.

Those states which are economically developed can well protect its sovereignty. I gave examples by comparing sovereignty of Pakistan and some developed states. Pakistan’s economy is weak that’s why the U.S repeatedly violates its sovereignty. But on the other hand no one can violate sovereignty of china, Japan and the U.S

I wrote two paragraphs on each of the other objectives; national integrity and economic welfare of people, comparing Pakistan’s plight with some developed states.

Q. 5. Critically discuss "Pakistan's participation in SEATO and CENTO” and explain political, strategic, and economic causes and define its potential disadvantages for the country's foreign policy and diplomacy.
Answer:
Critical discussion of Pakistan's participation in SEATO and CENTO:

The purposes for which Pakistan participated in SEATO and CENTO were never fulfilled. Pak joined these agreements to protect itself against India in case of aggression but America did not side with Pakistan in 1965 war and 1971 war. They were total failure.
On the other hand, India did not join any agreement; it remained neutral, did not join any world bloc (west and soviet bloc) and abode by NAM. India took benefits from both sides.
Pak was a newly established country, therefore, its weak economy did not afford to join any bloc/side.

Political causes:
Pakistan, as a newly established state, adopted democracy as its political systems. The U.S was champion of democracy, therefore, adoption of democracy was a political cause.
Pakistani politics was divided between secularism and fundamentalism. Govt of that time (Liaqat ali khan’s govt) was secular, it inclined towards the west.
I wrote 3/4 political causes, cannot recall others.

Strategic causes:
Acquisition of weapons
Protection against any aggressor (India)
I wrote 3/4 strategic causes, cannot recall others.

Economic causes:
Economic aid,
Loans,
America had emerged as a superpower; our politicians were impressed by its economic growth

Potential disadvantages for the country's foreign policy and diplomacy.

Pak closed avenues for relations with one bloc of the world.
India took advantage by dealing with both the blocs.
Pak broke apart in 1971
No trade but only aid, weapons etc.

Q. 8. Critically Define “American interests in Afghanistan" and explain its political strategic failure in the region and its unnecessary pressure on Pakistan to "do more" which can destabilize the regional scenario rather than stabilizing the situation. Also discuss the serious impact of the American war on terror on the Pakistan's state, Society and system.
Answer:
American interests in Afghanistan:
To curtail Chinese influence
To have influence over resources of central Asia.
I wrote these American interests in detail in the exam.

Political failure in the region:
Govt by a minority of Afghanistan is a manifestation of political failure of America. Also I emphasized some other points here but cannot recall now.

Strategic failure in the region:
American engagement in to dialogue with Taliban is a manifestation of strategic failure of America.
Gen mcrystal’s frustration with American govt is also a proof of the strategic failure.
Loosening American control of Afghanistan also justifies American failure.
I discussed above points in detail in the exam.

Unnecessary pressure on Pakistan to "do more" which can destabilize the regional scenario rather than stabilizing the situation:
Having politically and strategically failed in Afghanistan, the us is shifting its burden of failure to Pakistan. After beginning of the war on terror in 2001, Pakistan has suffered a lot from this war. After American attack on Afghanistan, talibaization started in Pakistan, Taliban leadership found place in Pakistan and started training local people. As a result, insurgency played havoc on Pakistan. Now when Pakistani Taliban are creating troubles in Afghanistan, America puts pressure on Pakistan to do more to fight against Pakistani Taliban. It is not feasible for Pakistan to do more because war is not solution of all problems. American themselves are engaging into dialogue, then how it can pressurize Pakistan to do more?

Impact of the American war on terror on the Pakistan's state, Society and system.
Pakistan has suffered a lot. Talibinization started in Pakistan after 9/11.
More than 40000 people have died in Pakistan
Pakistan’s economy been dealt a deadly blow
Almost all part of Pakistan have been affected; tribal areas, kp, Karachi, Islamabad and Baluchistan.

Q. 2. Discuss the development of the study of “International Relations" and define its core influential factors and explain its role in the post cold war era?
Answer:
Development of the study of “International Relations":

Here I discussed scope of the international relations, its development stage-wise. Initially, relations between states was very limited but its scope has widely enhanced.
Here I also discussed that study of IR is different from that of international politics. International politics is limited to political area only but IR not only includes study of political relations among states but also study of economic and social relations among states.
Another point I emphasized here was that scope of IR now includes study of multinational organizations (UNO, IMF, World Bank etc) their role etc.

Core influential factors:

Here I defined various influential factors/concepts/terminology of international relations such as Diplomacy, National interest and Multinational organizations etc

Role in the post cold war era:
Here I explained role of various elements of international relations in the post cold war era. After disintegration of the USSR, the world has become unipolar and various developments have taken place in the field of IR. Examples: role of UNO and other multinational organizations has enhanced. Diplomacy has further become effective, state to state diplomacy, diplomacy via international organizations such as UNO. Her I also discussed a few other elements but cannot recall now.

Now, you have given me a lot of work...Nonetheless, I will try to respond to your post and this discussion can be of great help to other aspirants too.. But, I will only be able to do so in parts. So here is my answer to your first question i-e Q.4 in CE-2012.

Q. 4. Define “Economics as an instrument in foreign policy" and explain its fundamental characteristics which can help to achieve state's objectives.

At first, in my humble opinion, I think you have dwelt a little too much on the ‘security’ aspect of foreign policy. It could have been and should have been eschewed completely. At least I eschewed it and only stuck to economics. And while doing so, I emphasised its utility as an “instrument” in foreign policy, as the question seems to ask. I discussed some of the economic tools(characteristics) such as trade, aid, loans, sanctions, embargoes, preferential access to markets, et al, to underline how they are used to cajole, prod, reward, punish, threaten and deter. I also gave some examples which, if I can recall correctly,included marshall plan, pressler amendment and sanctions against Iran, among others.

Moreover, I did not go into the minefield of defining state’s objectives. All I did was to first define economics as an instrument and then explain its characteristics that help in achieving the objectives of state.


P.S. Even my marks in I.R are not stellar. Nonetheless, given the low scoring trend, 52 looks good enough.

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Why not !?

36 I got 55 in my first attempt, my sincere advice to those thinking to opt IR is STAY AWAY FROM THIS SUBJECT IT WOULD BITE

Its so nice of you to see your reply. Its very useful. IR aspirants can greatly benefit from these posts.

Curiously waiting for your reply to other questions.

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We can trust the man of troubles but not on the man of pleasures.