fassi bro it was a mistake of mine.
actually a same question has been asked in 2006 which is
Write a comprehensive note on the origin and development of Modern Arabic literature.?

dear i need your cooperation in understanding how to attempt this question plzzz
Q. Give an account of the promotion of Arabic in subcontinent particularly in Pakistan? please guide me i didnt find any thing regarding this question eas. promotion of arabic in Pakistan......

regards

Q:Give an account of the promotion of Arabic in subcontinent particularly in Pakistan?
Introduction:
Promotion of Arabic language in Sub-Continent is historical phenomenon because Arabic is the language of Quran and Islam. It is an established fact that Arabs had contact with the Indians even before the emergence of Islam. A verse of Amra ul Qais depicts a word ‘Qarn Fil’ which is believed to be taken from Hindi language. There are many Ahadith in which language shows the words are used having roots in Hindi Language.

Arabic in India:
Arabic language in the Sub-continent starts with the arrival of Muslims in Sub-continent.It was introduced in India in different phases and through different process/ways. In northern India Muslims conquered it and held their sway from 712 to 1857 A.D. while the southern India was in touch with Arabic culture through the traders and trade activities of the Arabs. After 712 the Islam as a religion was accepted by the local population. Islam is inextricably intertwined with the Arabic language because understanding of Holy Quran, Hadith and Fiqh requires a good grip of Arabic language because without it comprehending Quran and Islam become impossible.

Efforts of Sultan Mehmood:
Many a literary figure were brought by Sultan Mehmood Ghaznawi with him who introduced the people with Arabic literature and history. This exchange was not one way rather it was two ways. The Arabs who came to India learnt a lot from their Indian counterparts. The Sultan also sent people to the Arabian region so that they could learn Arabic culture in better way.

Some prominent figures:

Abu Aflah and Abu Mehshar
Abu Aflah and Abu Mehshar Sindhi are two prominent names. They contributed a lot in Arabic language. Abu Mehshar was a ‘Muhadiss’ and when he passed away, his funeral prayer was offered by the people under ‘Immamat’ of Caliph Haroon Ur Rasheed. This shows the class of the man named Abu Mehshar.
Al Beruni:-
Al Beruni came to India during the early period of introduction of Islam in Sub-Continent. He wrote a book ‘ kitab ul Hind’ which was a master piece. The work done by the Indian figure was also translated in to Arabic e.g. ‘kulia wa Damnta’, the incident of Adam (A.S) being arrived to Ceylon was also introduced in Arabic after being translated. The work in the field of medicine by ‘Chirka’ and ‘Sehserta’ was also translated in to Arabic.
Tafseer of Quran
Many ‘Tafseer’ of Holy Quran were written in this content. The important name are:
Turab Ali
Salam Ullah
Abdul Hakeem Sialkoti
Shah Wali Ullah Dehlvi
Some other works in Arabic:
Much work was done in sub-continent in the field of ‘Ilm ul Hadith’ and ‘Ilm e Fiqh’. Along with it ‘Philosophy’ was another field where in Arabic work done by the natives can not be ignored. Fatwa Alamgeire and other treatise of Shah Wali Ullah are the illuminating example in this perspective.

Poetry:-
Some poet have also rendered invaluable service for the promotion of Arabic. Unfortunately, their work is confined to southern India.
Amir Khusru
Moulana Fazl-e-Haq Khair Abadi
Ghulam Ali Azad Bilgrami
Syed Abdul Jalil Bilgrami
are the prominent poets of Arabic in sub-continent.
Arabic in Pakistan
Arabic is the religious language of Muslims. The Quran, Sunnah, Hadith and Muslim theology is taught in Arabic with Urdu translation. The Pakistani diasporas living in the Middle East has further increased the number of people who can speak Arabic in Pakistan. Arabic is taught as a religious language in mosques, schools, colleges, universities and madrassahs. A majority of Pakistan's Muslim population has had some form of formal or informal education in the reading, writing and pronunciation of the Arabic language as part of their religious education.

Promotion of Arabic in Modern era in Pakistan:-
After the emergence of Pakistan Quaid-e-Azam said in his speech,
“Urdu will be the national language of Pakistan while it is the first and foremost duty of Pakistan’s people to learn and speek Arabic”

For promotion of Arabic following steps proposed are worth mentioning:
1- Jamiet Hizb Ullah arranged a conference in East Pakistan in 1951, for the promotion of Arabic language.
2- Majlis Rabita Islami supported Arabic language.
3- Co-ordination of Islam Rabica council.
4- It was decided that Urdu, Bengali and Arabic would be taught up to Matric Level.
5- It is essential to facilitate the propagation of Arabic in Pakistan.

The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan 1973:-
According to the Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan:
1- Quran, Islam and Arabic are compulsory.
2- From 1982, Arabic language has been taught as compulsory subject to higher secondary level. Syllabus of Azad Kashmir shows that it is even taught at Graduation level.
3- In our universities Arabic subject is also included in higher education
4- Arabic language is also taught in our medrassah system.
__________________

__________________
Kon Kaisa hai yehi fikr rahi tmam umar...
Khud kaisi hon kabhi bhool kr b na socha

Write a comprehensive note on the origin and development of modern Arabic literature. Do you think that it was influenced by the west?

What Is Modern Arabic Literature:
Arabic literature had been facing its downfall for the last five centuries. It was revived in Egypt in 19th century and called Modern Arabic literature.. It was a product of a fruitful meeting of two forces: the indigenous tradition and the imported Western forms. It is obviously the literature of the modern Arab World.
Origin:
Modern Arabic literature is generally assumed to begin with French campaign in Egypt in 1798.After the invasion of Napoleon, Arabs especially Egypt came in direct contact with French or west. Now all the trends which were introduced in Arabic literature were determined by this very fact. This revival of Arabic literature is called ‘ Al-Nahdat Al-Adab’.
At that time Government of Egypt decided to promote education in Egypt. It established different schools and French scholars taught there. Students and delegations were sent to France for higher education. Similarly, in Lebanon, Amir Bashir Al Shahabi did the same. Books from Europe were translated into Arabic.
Sources of development of modern Arabic literature:

There were many sources, which directly or indirectly affected the modern Arabic literature. Important ones are given below:

Modern Schools

Muhammad Ali, the ruler of Egypt at that time, established different modern schools for military, medical and physical education at different levels. Their number increased by time and Tayyaba College, Madrasa AlSana and Madrasa Darull uloom were established in Alsona where different western books on modern education were translated into Arabic. Similarly, Darul Uloom played a vital role in promotion of Arabic language and literature.

Learning western languages and sending delegations.

The policy of sending students to the western countries for higher education, by Mohammad Ali Pasha and the ismail pasha was very fruitful. Similarly, when French and English languages were made compulsory in the institutions of Egypt and Syria, it brought a change in their thinking. Consequently, new ways were adopted in prose and poetry of Arabs.
Jamia-e Azhar:

Jamea Azhar played very important role in promotion and progress of Arabic literature and language. Majority of the Arab writers and intellectuals were from this in this institution in the mid of 20th century.
So all these factors contributed in the development of modern Arabic literature which was influenced by the west.

The influence emerged in the form of

1. Modern theater
2. drama writing
3. novel
4. story
5. short stories
6. new trends in the poetry
7. essays on various topics
8. Writing about the social problems and issues etc.

Story

Short stories were introduced in west in 19th century and became very popular among readers. When Arab writers interacted with the west in 19th century, they liked it very much. They started translating these stories in Arabic but this translation was not like actual. It was translated according to the local circumstances of Egypt and common language was used, so that common man could understand and enjoy it. Hafiz Ibrahim and Mustafa Lutfi Al munfaloti translated European short stories. Munfloti in his book “Al Abarat” translated some stories from European language and also wrote some stories himself.

In 1917, Mehmood Taimoor wrote a story “Fil Qatar” in western pattern, which was termed the exact short story in modern period. After the 1st world war, these stories became very popular and many writers emerged in this field.

Novel

In the beginning of 20th century, jarhi zaidan wrote historical novels which were like the style of sir Walter Scott. The first successful novel of Arabic was ‘zainab’ by Mohammad Hussain Haikal. Novel writing became very popular between the period of 1st and 2nd world war. Writers like Taha Hussain, Taufeeq-ul Hakeem, Mehmood Tahir Ibrahim Abdul qadir AlMazni etc. contributed in it.

This was the starting period of novel. After 2nd world war, the creation of Israel defeat of Arabs in 1948, 1956, 1967. Wars against Israel, discovery of oil in Arab countries, other social and political issues left deep impact on the writers. They were influenced by these events and it was reflected in their novels.
A common theme in the modern Arabic novel is the study of family life with obvious resonances of the wider family of the Arabic world. Many of the novels have been unable to avoid the politics and conflicts of the region with war often acting as background to intimate family dramas.

Modern theater and Drama

In Egypt, theater was operating from the beginning of the 20th century. After 1st world war, theater was dominated by comedy plays. In 1935, government established a theatrical company. Famous poet Khalil Matren was its head. Some other companies also emerged that promoted theater. Many writers and actors became famous due to theater.

Theater and drama became much popular when Ahmad Shoqi and Taufeeq-ul Hakeem started writing dramas, 6 were tragic and one was comedy. Only one was prose, others were versified.

Taufik Ul akeem wrote some dramas before going to France, which were ordinary and relating to political and social issues. He came back from France in 1927 and his style was totally changed. He was impressed by Bernard Shaw. He wrote dramas like “ahl Al Kahaf” and “Shaharzad”, which were the best among his writings. Dramas of Taufeeq-ul Hakeem were published in two volumes. He became very popular in Drama writing.
Poetry:-
Poetry retains a very important status in the Arab world. It was an area in which the new trends were emerged during 20th century. Overall these are four main groups of poet in modern era of Arabic poetry.
1- Neo – Classical
2- Pre – Romantic
3- Romantic
4- Committed Poets
First part of 20th century witnessed that most of the poets wrote romantic poetry. Poetry of Adb-e-Mehjar was part of it. Jabran, Abu Alia Mazi, Mikhail Naemia etc. were from famous Mehjari poats.
Ibrahim Naji, Khalil Matran and Ahmad Zaki Abu Shadi were some other poets of romantic group of poets.
However, after world war-I, the political situation took new turn. The forceful creation of Israel was a sort of injury inflected on the heart of Arabs by the western world. Romantic poetry lost its charm and was replaced by the committed poetry. Now it was regarded necessary that there should be an objective or commitment of the poetry. No poetry can be said as according to the circumstances and charm full until an objective is not tried to achieve. Some poets resort to write for the favor of Nationalism. Mahmood Dervaish, who got unmatchable fame, was a ‘Palestinian Poet’ who wrote for the propagation of Nationalism. Another innovation was the introduction of ‘Free Verse’ by the poet named ‘Badr Shakir Al-Sayab.
Conclusion:
Modern Arabic literature is largely influenced by the West. Throughout the 20th century, Arabic writers in both poetry and prose have reflected the changing political and social climate of the Arab world in their work. Anti-colonial themes were prominent early in the 20th century, with writers continuing to explore the region's relationship with the West until the present day.

__________________
Kon Kaisa hai yehi fikr rahi tmam umar...
Khud kaisi hon kabhi bhool kr b na socha

Miss Faiza can you provide me solved objectives from past papers.

nice effort...please if you have good stuff of arabic literature help me as soon as possible..my email id is ********@gmail.com

i can help you people...... regarding past mcqs as well as arabic question along with short essays..... in hard copy..... contact me on my cell no.... 0******** do remember after 2pm inform me by a text sms with the above subjct....
regards

Salam Faiza Dar !!
Could u plz help me regarding Q#4 Arabic paper I 2012-- Explain the wisdom in the poetry of ZUBAIR-Bin-Abi-SALMA ????? i am not been able to find anything regarding zuBair bin abi salma in any book.............yur prompt reply will b appriciated .thnx

Its quite simple Yaar, just read down pages 82-88 from the book Tarikh Adab Arbi - Ahmed Hassan Ziyyat

The headings named as "Uski Shayari" and "Uski Mullaqay Ka Mukhtasir Jaizya" is answer to the above said question.


Regards

--F@SsI--

__________________
Apni Matti Pay Hi Chalnay Ka Saleeqa Seekho
Sang-e-Marmar Py Chalo Gy To Phisal Jao Gy

Hello Fassi & Faiza,

Thanks for your posts, both of you doing a good job for aspirants
I am bit confused about the question to prove that Quran is neither poetry not prose, please post its short but comprehensive answer with relevant ayats

Warmest regards

Abdul Moqeet