All About Dams

[Shaa-Baaz]

I am gonna start this thread in which information regarding all dams (under construction or coming project) will be discussed . It will not be a huge mess. One dam in one day . It will be lot more easier to remember them in this way


Gomal Zam Dam

Location

Gomal Zam Dam is located at Khajuri Kach on Gomal River in South Waziristan Agency, Federally Administered Tribal Area (FATA), on the West of Districts Tank and D.I.Khan of NWFP. The areas to be irrigated fall in District Tank & Tehsil D.I.Khan Tank Road. From Tank, the Dam site is about 60 km (38 miles) to the West and is connected through a metal led road

Objectives and Components

Primary objectives of the Project are:
• Development of a lined canal irrigation system
• Hydropower generation of about 17.4 MW
• Control of flashy hill torrent floods.

The project comprises the following major components:

i. A 133 meters (437 feet) high curved Gravity Type Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) Dam at Khajuri Kach with a Gross Storage of 1.140 MAF and a Live Storage of 0.892 MAF.

ii. Power house near the Dam site to generate 17.4 MW of hydropower.

iii. An irrigation system to serve a cultivable command area of about 66,000 hectares (163,100 acres) in Districts of Tank and Dera Ismail Khan. It includes a Diversion Barrage near Kot Murtaza Main Canal about 60 km (37.5 miles) long and Distributaries about 200 km (125 miles) long.

iv. Flood protection works of protect the infrastructure and irrigated areas from flooding caused by hill torrents to the North.

v. On farm development works confined to construction of watercourses for conveying the water from outlets to farm gate.

ALLOCATION & EXPENDITURE DURING THE YEAR 2008-09

There is an allocation of Rs. 2000 Million for the financial Year 2008-09.
Local Component = 2,000 Million
Foreign Component = Nil
Total = Rs. 2,000 Million

OVERALL FINANCIAL PROGRESS SINCE COMMENCEMENT

Total up date expenditure incurred on the Project since commencement is about Rs. 2.973 Million. The overall upto date financial progress on the project is thus 23.17% of the PC-I Cost (i.e. Rs. 12,829 Millions).

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MIRANI DAM PROJECT

Location

The Dam is located on Dasht River, about 40 KM west of Turbat in Makran Division of Balochistan.

Type: Concrete Faced Rock Fill Dam
Length at Crest: 3080 ft.
Height: 127 ft.
Canal Capacity: 377 Cusecs
Storage: 0.3 MAF
Area to Benefit: 33200 Acres
Cost: 5811 Million
Construction Period: 5 Years
Status: Construction Completed on EPC / Turnkey Basis.
River: Dasht.
Funding Agency: Govt: of Pakistan.
Executing Agency: Pakistan Water & Power Development Authority.

MIRANI DAM PROJECT BRIEF

• Mirani Dam is constructed on Dasht river having two tributaries Ketch river and Nihing river
• Catchment area of Ketch river is 4604 sq. miles.
• Catchment area of Nihing river is 3360 sq. miles.

Irrigation system of Dam consisting two main canals Right Bank Canal & Left Bank Canal the distribution of each system is given below:

• Length of right bank canal is 66268 feet
• Length of left bank canal is 62499 feet

• Command area of RBC is 20800 acres
• Command area of LBC is 12400 acres

• Capacity of right bank canal is 236 cusecs
• Capacity of Left bank canal is 141 cusecs

• No. of Distributaries on RBC are four (DR1, DR2, DR3, DR4)
• No. of Distributaries on LBC are four (DL1, DL2, DL3, DL4)

• No. of Minors on DR1 are 3 and No of water courses are 19
• No. of Minors on DL1 are 5 and No of water courses are 27

• No. of Minors on DR2 are 5 and No of water courses are 56
• No. of Minors on DL2 are 4 and No of water courses are 17

• No. of Minors on DR3 are 4 and No of water courses are 24
• No. of Minors on DL3 are 2 and No of water courses are 12

• No. of Minors on DR4 are 2 and No of water courses are 19
• No. of Minors on DL4 are 3 and No of water courses are 18

• Length of DR1 is 4500 feet
• Length of DL1 is 14984 feet

• Length of DR2 is 18000 feet
• Length of DL2 is 15728 feet

• Length of DR3 is 17193 feet
• Length of DL3 is 15714 feet

• Length of DR4 is 7382 feet
• Length of DL4 is 13871 feet

[Shaa-Baaz]

SABAKZAI DAM PROJECT

Location: About 65 km from Zhob Distt. Balochistan
Dam Type: Earth & Rock fill
Length: 395 M
Height: 34.75 M
Canal Capacity: 33 Cusecs
Storage: 32700 Acre Feet
Area To Benefit: 6875 Acres
Power: Nil
Cost: 1576. 554 Million
Status: Feasibility complete. PC-I approved, Work Completed Substantially
River: Sawar Rud Tributary Zhob

[Shaa-Baaz]

SATPARA DAM PROJECT

Location
The Project is located on Satpara Nullah downstream of Satpara Lake which is about 6 Km south of Skardu Town.

Brief scope of the Project
The Project will generate 17.36 MW of hydropower, irrigate 15536 acres of lands and supply 3.1 million gallons daily drinking water to Skardu city.
Approving Agency ECNEC

FINANCIAL
(i) Expenditure upto 30.06.2008 - 2193.998
(ii) Budget allocation 2008-09 - 100
(iii) Exp during current Financial year (upto 30 Sept. 2008 ) 102.115-
(iv) Expenditure upto date (i+iii) 2296.113 - 2296.113

Reason for Delay

* Delay in tendering decision.
* Blockade of KKH.
* Adverse climatic conditions - early start of snowfall & cold weather.
* Non-availability of proper machinery & equipment.
* Design updating / revision.
* Increase in qty due to change in design
* Problem in shipment of E&M equipment.

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DIAMER BHASHA DAM

1. LOCATION

Diamer Basha Dam Project is planed to built on river Indus, about 300 km upstream of Tarbela Dam Project and about 40 km downstream of Chilas Town, which is the headquarter of Diamer District of Northern Areas.

2. PREVIOUS STUDIES

Initial Feasibility Report of Diamer Basha Dam Project was prepared by Canadian Consultants “Montreal Engineering Company (MONENCO) during 1981-1984. WAPDA appointed Local Consultants in December, 1989 for up-gradation of the Initial Feasibility Report. The work on the project was stopped in January 1990. In 2002 WAPDA appointed M/S NEAC Consultants, a joint venture consisted of local & foreign firms, NESPAK (Lead Firm) for up-gradation of the Initial Feasibility Study. The Upgraded Feasibility Report of the Project was submitted by M/s NEAC on 31st August, 2004. International Panel of Experts declared that the Project is technically feasible. The contract for review of Feasibility Studies, Detailed Engineering Design and preparation of Tender Documents awarded to M/S Diamer Basha Consultants (DBC) (Joint Venture of local & foreign firms, with M/s Lahmeyer a leading firm). The DBC mobilized on 5th September, 2005 and the assignment is scheduled to be completed by June, 2008.

3. PRE-REQUISITE ACTIVITIES

Following are the pre-requisite activities:

• Construction of a new bridge at Thakot, on River Indus, as the exiting bridge can not sustain the anticipated transportation load during construction of DBDP.

• 323 Km of Karakorum Highway (KKH) from Havalian to Dam site is to be Up-graded by NHA for transportation of heavy machinery & equipment.

• 100 Km of KKH will be submerged due to impounding of reservoir, this portion is to be re-located on higher elevation.

• Land acquisition.

4. MAIN COMPONENTS

Diamer Basha Dam Project will be the highest Roller Compacted Concrete Dam in the world having height of 272 meters. Salient features of the project are as follows:

LOCATION: 40 Km down steam of Chilas

MAIN DAM:

• Maximum Height: 272 m
• Type: Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC)

DIVERSION SYSTEM

• 2 No. Diversion tunnels
• 1 No. Diversion Tunnels
• Upstream and Downstream Cofferdams

MAIN SPILLWAY

• No. of gates: 14
• Size of gate: 11.5 x 16.24 m

RESERVOIR LEVEL: 1160 m

• Gross capacity: 8.1 MAF (10.0 BCM)
• Live capacity: 6.4 MAF (7.9 BCM)
• Min. operation level: El. 1060 m

OUTLETS:

• Low level: 2
• Sluicing: 5

POWERHOUSE(S): 2

• Total installed capacity: 4500 MW
• Location and type: Two, one each under the right and left abutment
• No. of units: 12 each of 375 MW
• Average generation: 18,000 Gwh/year

5. PROJECT BENEFITS

• Availability of about 6.4 MAF annual surface water storage of supplementing irrigation supplies during low flow periods.
• Harnessing of renewable source of clean and cheap energy through installed capacity of 4500 MW.
• Reduction of dependence on thermal power, thus saving foreign exchange.
• Employment opportunity, particularly to the locals, during the construction and operation.
• Creation of massive infrastructure leading to overall socio-economic uplift of the area and standard of living of people.
• The Project will pay back its cost in 8 years.
• Life of Tarbela Dam will increase.
• Fisheries.
• Local development.
• Flood mitigation.

6. PRESENT STATUS

• Detailed Engineering Design and Tenders Documents completed by M/s DBC on June 30, 2008. M/s DBC have been asked to continue the consultancy service beyond June 30, 2008 to complete left over and additional works.

• Applications from International/local contractors are being received for prequalification of contractors for Lot-I, 2 & 3.

• Notice for Expression of Interest (EOI) for short listing of Consultants for Design, Construction Supervision and Contract Administration of Diamer Basha Dam Project, from Firm/Joint Ventures has been published in newspapers/WAPDA website. The last date to receive applications is 31.12.2008.

• ECNEC has approved the PC-I for Land Acquisition and Resettlement of Diamer Basha Dam Project on 11.11.2008 at the cost of Rs.60 Billion.

• Central Development working party (CDWP) has approved the First Phase i.e. settlement and Land Acquisition of Diamer Basha Dam Project at a cost of Rs. 116 Billion in the meeting held on 18.09.2008.

• Micro Seismic Monitoring System has been installed to monitor seismic activities in the project area. Data retrieval and interpretation is under progress.

• Meteorological station is being established at Dam site.

• Mix design for RCC is under progress at CMTL Wapda Lahore.

• Construction of comprehensive model at Nandipur is completed

• Arrangement of finances from the foreign Donor agencies for the construction of the project is under process.

• PC-I for construction of Thakot Bridge was approved by GOP on December 21, 2006 and the work is being carried out by NHA.

[Shaa-Baaz]

Kurram Tangi Dam Project

(a) Total expenditure approved in PC-I amounting to Rs. 17205.267 Million and revised expenditure due to raising of Dam Height will be Rs. 19445.460 Million.

Basic Objects

• Purposeful and effective use of water resources of Kurram and Kaitu Rivers.
• Irrigate New Areas in Sheratalla Spaira Ragha and Thal Plain in North Waziristan Agency.
• Improvement in cropping intensity of Command Areas of Civil Canals and Marwat Canal.
• Installation of Hydro Power Plants to Generate cheap and pollution free Electricity 83.4 MW.
• Improvement in the socio economic Condition of the most Backward Areas of NWFP and FATA.

(b) 83.4 MW Cheep and pollution free electricity.
(c) Total No. of affectees are 12899 (Revised) and paid Rs. 8.038 Million to the affectees at FR Bannu District.
(d) The land acquisition activities at FR Bannu. District Bannu, District Karak and North Waziristan Agency is in process. The actual date of completion according to approved PC-I is 48 Months.
(e) Due to tense situation in tribal area and stoppage the survey work by the then Chief Minister NWFP, the construction work of Kurram Tangi Dam Project is not started.

Supplementary Material:

• Kurram Tangi Dam is a multipurpose project. It is located on Kurram river in North Waziristan Agency about 14 Km upstream of Kurram Garhi head work and 32Km in North of Bannu city. The height of Dam is 322 ft (Revised) ws storage capacity of 1.2 MAF. The Command Area of this project is 3,62,380 acres (Revised). The Project will be generated 83.4 MW electricity and 332 Gwh energy annually through five houses.
• Presently the demarcation of pond area/dam area at North Waziristan Agency, District Bannu, District Karak and FR Bannu is completed.

ACHIEVEMENT

1. FR Bannu

1304.61 Kanal i.e 163.07 acres land have been acquired for main Thal canal and payment of Rs. 8.038 Million has been made to the Effectees through DCO Bannu. Some portion has been remained due to demarcation of FR Bannu and District Bannu boundary. The case of 5.12 Acrs is in process.

2. Bannu

Presently the work is in process.
Section -IV has been completed for main Thal Canal.
Section-V for main Thal Canal/Distributaries is in process.

3. Karak

Section-IV for main Thal Canal is completed.
Section-V for main Thal canal is in process.

4. North Waziristan Agency

The dam area/pond area is located in North Waziristan Agency.
The demarcation of pond area/Dam Area is completed with paint.
Sixty No. Badragas have been approved by the Authority but relaxation for recruitment of employees has not been accorded from the ban. It is therefore requested to exempt the Kurram Tangi Dam Project from Ministry of Water and Power w.e.f 12-04-2008 please.

Jirgas are in process with the elders of Tribal area. They demanded the advance payment of land. Project Director explained the position to allow the LAC staff to take measurement and the staff will classify the land i.e. Agriculture/Hilly area, owner of the land, so that the LAC will prepare estimate and and it will be submitted to head office for releasing the fund. However this office is waiting for the decision of political Administration Authority.

ISSUES

The progress of Kurram Tangi Dam Project is delayed due to the following reasons.

1. Due to tense situation in Tribal area i.e. North Waziristan Agency.
2. Due to stoppage of Survey work/Land Acquisition by the then Chief Minister NWFP Peshawar.
3. Due to imposing ban on recruitment of employees by Federal Minister of Water and Power Development Authority Islamabad w.e.f 12-04-2008. It is therefore requested to exempt Kurram Tangi Dam Project being located in Tense area from the ban w.e.f 12-04-2008 please.

Target 2008-09

The construction work not yet started due to tense situation in Tribal area. It is hoped to be targeted that the land Acquisition activities will be started in the tribal area during financial year 2008-09.

[Shaa-Baaz]

MUNDA DAM PROJECT

Thematic Area: Mohmand Agency (FATA), In North West Frontier Province of Pakistan

Implementing Agency: Water & Power Development Authority

Location: Munda Dam site and its reservoir area is located in Swat River basin, about 5 Km upstream of existing Munda Head works at Abazai near Shabqadar Deri, in NWFP, 37 Km north of Peshawar. The reservoir area of the dam extends upstream to Mohamand and Bajaur Agencies, in the Federally Administered Trbal Areas (FATA). The command area is spread across three administrative units namely, Mohmand Agency, Malakand Agency and Tehsil Tangi of district Charsadda.

Approval Status: PC-II of the project Detailed Engineering Design & Tender Docments is under submission of Planning Cmmission by Ministry of Water & Power.

Total cost (For Detailed Engg. Design): Rs 651.862 Million

Brief Project Description

• Height: 698.820 ft.
• Gross Storage: 1.290 MAF
• Live Storage: 0.676 MAF
• Dead Storage: 0.314 MAF
• Flood Storage: 0.081 MAF
• Spillway Capacity: 19,390 m3 / sec
• Power Houses: 740 MW

Objectives/Targets

• Irrigated agriculture development of new area.
• Supplementary water supplies to existing command areas of Lower Swat Canal.
• Flood control and
• Hydropower Generation

Current Status/Issues

• Feasibility completed by JICA Study Team in March 2000.
• PC-II amounting to Rs. 199.806 million for Detailed Engineering Design and Tender Documents has been approved by CDWP on August 2,2001.
• Discharge measurements and sediment observations at site in progress.
• The project was awarded to M/S. AMZO arranged Feasibility Report.
• Govt. of NWFP & WAPDA advocated for Munda Dam as Multipurpose Project and raising of dam to accommodate flood mitigation and irrigation.
• Federal Minister of Water & Power decided to raise the dam height to utilize full potential of the Project.
• The Ministry of Water & Power reassigned Munda Dam Project to carry out detailed engineering design and construction of the Project.
• Revised PC-II amounting to Rs. 648.000 million submitted to Ministry of Water & Power for approval of Planning Commission.
• A provision of Rs. 80.00 Million available in PSDP of year 2008-09.

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AKHORI DAM

Location: Across Nandnakas near Akhori village about 28 KM east of Attock Punjab

Dam: Earth Core Rock filled
Height: 122 meters (400 Ft)
Length: 5.16 Km (3.23 Miles)
Status: Additional study by the Consultant completed.

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Mangla Dam

The Mangla Dam is the twelfth largest dam in the world. It was constructed in 1967 across the Jhelum River, about 100 miles (160 km) south-east of the Pakistani capital, Islamabad in Mirpur district of POK (Pakistan Occupied Kashmir), Pakistan. The main structures of the dam include 4 embankment dams, 2 spillways, 5 power-cum-irrigation tunnels and a 1,000 MW power station.


The main dam is 10,300 feet (3140 m) long and 454 feet (138 m) high (above core trench) with a reservoir of 97.7 square miles (253 km²). Since its first impounding in 1967, sedimentation has occurred to the extent of 1.13 million acre feet (1.39 km³), and the present gross storage capacity has declined to 4.75 million acre feet (5.86 km³) from the actual design of 5.88 million acre feet (7.25 km³). The live capacity has declined to 4.58 million acre feet (5.65 km³) from 5.34 million acre feet (6.59 km³). This implies a reduction of 19.22% in the capacity of the dam.

The power station of mangla dam consists of 10 units each having capacity of 100 MW.

In order to remedy the storage capacity decreases, the Pakistani government has decided to raise the dam by 40 feet (12 m), to 494 feet (151 m) high. This will increase the reservoir capacity by 18% and provide an additional 644 MWh of power, but will displace 40,000 people currently living near the reservoir.

The project was designed primarily to increase the amount of water that could be used for irrigation from the flow of the Jhelum and its tributaries. Its secondary function was to generate electrical power from the irrigation releases at the artificial head of the reservoir. The project was not designed as a flood control structure, although some benefit in this respect also arises from its use for irrigation and water supply. The Government of Pakistan had agreed to pay royalties to the Government of POK (Pakistan Occupied Kashmir) for the use of the water and electricity generated by the dam. Over 280 villages and the towns of Mirpur and Dadyal were submerged and over 110,000 people were displaced from the area as a result of the dam being built. Some of those affected by the dam were given work permits for Britain by the Government of Pakistan, and as a result, in many cities in the UK the majority of the 'Pakistani' community actually originated from the Mirpur area of Disputed region Jamuu Kashmir.

Mangla Dam is approx 100 miles (160 km) south-east of the Pakistani capital, Islamabad while Tarbela Dam is 60 miles (100 km) northwest.

[Shaa-Baaz]

Mangla Dam Raising

Since its first impounding in 1967, sedimentation has occurred to the extent of 1.13 MAF, and the present gross storage capacity has declined to 4.75 MAF from the actual design of 5.88 MAF. The live capacity has declined to 4.58 MAF from 5.34 MAF. This implies a reduction of 19.22% in the capacity of the dam.

Unless measures were taken in time, this mega project would have become a dead dam in years to come. Since the design feature of the dam includes its raising to an additional 30 feet, the government of Pakistan decided in 2004 to go ahead with its raising project. Raising of the Mangla Dam will help into regain the reservoir capacity lost to sediment deposition and make provision for future sedimentation. Main features of the project include four earth dams with a maximum height of 454 ft. (154 meters) and total length of about 13 kilometres. For flood routing, two spillways are provided. The raising project will also generate construction activity and employment opportunities at large scale. The dam has already contributed significantly towards improvement of the environment in terms of agriculture growth, job opportunities and improved standard of living. Availability of additional water and hydro power will further enhance these positive impacts.

WAPDA inked a Rs.13.793 billion contract on June 28,2004 with CWE JV led by a Chinese Company China International Water and Electric Corporation for the construction of main works of Mangla Dam Raising Project in the stipulated period of 39 months ending September 19,2007. The local contractors in CWE JV include Descon Engineering, Interconstruct Gammon Pakistan and Sachal Engineering Works. The major components of the Mangla Dam raising works comprise raising of the dams and main spillway head works besides constructing a control weir upstream of the emergency spillway. Construction of an 18 kilometres long Mirpur bypass Road is also included in the contract. On completion of the project in 2007 the average annual water availability for irrigation releases would increase by 2.88 million acre feet (3,550 MCM). The power generating facilities of the original dam were designed for raised Mangla conditions. Hence additional energy will also be produced without making any alteration or addition in the power generating units. The average annual energy output is estimated to increase by about 12 percent of the present energy production. It is believed that the raising project will generate employment opportunities and give a fillip to socio-economic activities.

Salient Aspect of Raising Project

Reservoir: 1202 ft. (366.5m) from to 1242 ft. (378.7 m)
Minimum Operation Level: 1040 ft. (317.1 m) from to 1040 ft. (317.1 m)
Gross Storage Capacity: 4.5 MAF (5,553 MCM) from to 7.4 MAF (9,132 MCM)
Elevation of Control Structure: 1234 ft. (376.2 m) from to 1266 ft. (386 m)