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The Following User Says Thank You to very special 1 For This Useful Post: | ||
wikki khan (Wednesday, November 13, 2013) |
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wikki i find it very very useful.but i use zareen bukhari with it as well at times,very rarely. but jahangir book itself is very very very useful. atleast that's my view of it.
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wikki khan (Wednesday, November 13, 2013) |
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how to attempt this ??
explain development of logical thought in early childhood? |
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@All
Does after conditioning Neutral Stimulus become Conditioned Stimulus?
Yes or No? Reason please! |
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@sadaf @veryspecial how about garduation course book of Bano?
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I want to live in peace not in piece |
#106
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@sadaf
Jhangir series is enough for both paper or just for paper 2
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I want to live in peace not in piece |
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Quote:
because that natural stimulus bring desired response but we make it conditioned to bring that response so it is conditioned stimulus. e.g food and sliva. @ wikki i heard it is easy and good
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attitude makes the difference! |
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Irum Siddiqui (Thursday, November 14, 2013), wikki khan (Thursday, November 14, 2013) |
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Wikki Khan jahangir series is not enough,,check your syllabus then search topics from jahangirs and remaining ones from notes and also consult shahar bano's book for psychology ,in this way you will be able to prepare your syllaby,dont worry it is easy
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wikki khan (Thursday, November 14, 2013) |
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comments, criticism and suggestion are strongly encouraged and needed. can anyone help me with the importance of clinical diagnosis. i could not find much material on it.
@ wikki, dear my preparation is not based on syallabus, i am just focusing on past papers and i find the book very useful with reference to that. i have zareen bukhari book and feldman as well. they are lenghty and good only with reference to knowledge gaining. i don't care much about knowledge, my focus is just the paper. i find J cram series to be productive. perceptions vary dear. no point asking again and again, go to a book stall ask them for the book. pass a glance over it for 5 minutes, and try to assess, does it fulfil your need, if it does buy it and if it doesn't ( i have a psychology background), buy the lenghty books.@ others, i have heard sheherbano's material to be of low quality and that examiners get tired reading years and years of same sheherbano material. so i don't use it. but please consider your needs and your ease and decide accordingly. last of all,please bother to comment on my efforts too. Q4: list the different types of assessment procedcures\tools used for clinical diasgnosis and explain the significance of clinical judgment in the process of assessment. Briefly describe the goals of clinical diagnosis and write about either personality or behavioral assessment. Introduction: when an individual’s mental, physical, psychological health is disrupted due to any cause, it becomes important to diagnose the issue clinically. The earlier the intervention, the better the results. Goals of clinical diagnosis: a) Diagnosis: the foremost goal of clinical diagnosis is to assign the individual to some diagnostic entity. When a number of procedures such as interview and behavioural assessment fail to help in diagnosis, then data is assembled through other assessment methods. Particularly, diagnosis of borderline cases is done using specific assessment methods. b) Classification: the traditional goal of clinical diagnosis is classification. Data is collected by the clinician and the classification of the individual is done. In this regard, diagnosis statistical manual (DSM) as introduced for the first time in 2002 by american psychiatric association. in classification, often treatment, research methods are covered. c) Description: although classification is the traditional and most important goal of clinical diagnosis, description is also another important objective. Psychologists recognized the importance of description of the individual factors and environmental factors of the patient in 1950s and 1960s. d) Future predictions: another most important goal of clinical diagnosis is with reference to the future predictions about the patient i.e after the completion of the treatment, the possibility of recurrence or relapse of the individual to the disease or disorder.in this regard, different terms are important such as false negative, false positive, true negative, true positive testing. i) False negative testing: if the clinician says that the individual will again face the problem after the treatment, but the individual does not feels the problem. ii) True negative testing: the clinician says the individual will face the problem and the patient does. iii) False positive testing: the clinician assures the patient will not face simlair problem again, and the patient shows problem symptoms. Tools for clinical diagnosis a) Behavioural assessment: clinician may try to determine the cause of the problem by observing overt behaviour. This may be done by observing the patient himself or assigning the task to a nearby relative of the patient. This includes DOT: direct observation therapy. In this technique, the clinician observes the behaviour of the patient himself. He notices the relation of the patient with his relatives, peers and other social groups. He also tries to determine the factors that lead to negative response from the patient. Self monitoring: sometimes, when the patient is not critically ill, self monitoring is done. In this case, the patient is given some questionnaires and he is asked to fill them and hand them over in the next session. Advantages: • This method is useful for children, mentally or physically impaired individuals. • This enables the clinician to determine the problem from the overt behaviour rather than from verbally only. • This method enables the clinician to not only identify the problem in the patient but also in his immediate surroundings relating to environment or family. Disadvantage • It is time consuming method • Sometimes, the individual may feel conscious and may alter his behaviour by haw thorne effect. • Overt behaviour is not always useful in helping out psychologically ill patients. Examination of mental health: this is also a type of an interview method. this testing usually takes place during an interview method. In this technique, clinician determines the mental health of individual through his physical appearance, hygiene, facial expressions gestures, talking style, content of his talk, repetitions, incantations. Sometimes the clinician also asks questions to know how informed and aware a patient is of his surroundings, immediate and distant. Psychological assessment: different tests are conducted to evaluate an individual psychologically. In this regard, intelligence tests, personality tests, cogniotive tests are the most common. Intelligence tests such as WAIS are conducted. Personality tests conducted may be a) Projective tests b) Non-projective tests Sometimes due to injury or trauma, an individual’s cognitive abilities are damaged. Cognitive tests particularly linguistic tests and mental abilities are conducted in this regard. Interview method: perhaps the most common method used is interview method. This is a communication between the clinician and the patient. In this conversation, the clinician asks the patient about his problems and tries to evaluate the intensity of the issue. The basic purpose of it is to remove the emotional and physical distress experienced by the patient. Different types of interviews are conducted such as selection interview, termination interview, military interviews etc. Case study method: this is a type of an interview method. However, this is used for individuals with reference to their specific conditions. In this method, the clinician tries to evaluate the problem of the individual by determining his developmental methods, his family setup, his schooling, education, family status, his social surroundings etc. Importance of clinical diagnosis • It helps the clinician to diagnose the patient properly. • This helps the clinician to devise treatment plan. • The patient’s problem is solved. • The earlier the diagnosis, the more the chances of recovery |
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Despicable (Thursday, November 14, 2013), DrMFK (Thursday, November 14, 2013), wikki khan (Thursday, November 14, 2013) |
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Clinical assessment is the procedure in which clinician evaluates an individual in terms of its physical , psychological and social factors that have most influence on the individual functioning goals of clinical assessment diagnosis what is the problem what is the degree of problem mental competence to stand trial classification of individual on the basis of diagnostic and statistical tests. determination of intellectual capacity detailed description of an individual future prediction of human true negative prediction true positive prediction sources of clinical assessment structured interview in which series of questions are asked in sequence usually format is in written unstructured interview in this interview series of open ended questions basic information is project clinicians observe verbal and non verbal behavior semi-structured interview it produces precision and accuracy with the augment of structured questions and followed by questions to bolster and reinforce the existing and prior questions . 2 Mental status examination appearance and behavior hyperactivity 1 psycho motor agitation fast movement 2 psycho motor retardation slow movement catatonia body language with veered type orientation is the person awareness of time place identity content of thought delusion disbelief obsession recurrence of unwanted thought overvalued ideas affect and mood sense of self motivation cognitive aspect identity disorder your answer is absolutely elaborative , if mention points make place , kindly supplement them thanks . Quote:
no more scientist has performed and work in the cognitive development of children , how child think , reason and solve problems than piaget his theory is based upon day to day observation and the data collection from the self analysis from appearance to the rule child starts the journey , what usually sees and believes, and trust easily that appears ,, this is novel realistic the main perception based upon the seeing and perceiving , this is the face difficulty the impediment in the learning comes from attraction with the complex world they discover , apply and verify rules in order to learn with confidence structure and process the piaget cognition consists of four stages these are abrupt and discontinuous the believes knowledge is as structure as behavior each structure meets changes perceived there is discrepancy the overall process of cognition consists of two changes intellectual changes that are novel and challenging internal strife changes that are reorganizing the intellect cognitive structure consists of schemes and schemata schemes repeated in action and generalization schemata it is figurative aspect of thoughts i now discuss criticism mostly opposition believes piaget used data from personal observations and no lab experiment no testing of his observations he does not heavily relies upon the statistical data according to the previous trend and glance , examiner includes one question from therapy and its keen role in modification of behavior , it is pleasure , if you take in to ponder the question at large . if you need book of psychology of myer 9th edition , it is available for download , thanks. |
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