plz help us hoe to prepare the above mentioned topics because preparing from net is not helpful as I prepared for human right psot form net and not a single word was from net so plz tell us some book for this

What does mean by basic knowledge of ppc and QSO are we required to go in details means each punishment we are required to cram

Plz suggest us book for the post of Assistant Director in Anti Narcotics Force for professional test topics are as under:


Effects of illegal/ drug money on economy of country,
 Potential hazards of drugs for general public,
 International ramification of drugs smuggling from Pakistan,
 Major drug producing & consumption countries of the World,
 Types of drugs and international trafficking routes

Senior please help regarding bellow mention topics and what does it mean by "basic knowledge of the mention ACTs"
 Effects of illegal/ drug money on economy of country,
 Potential hazards of drugs for general public,
 International ramification of drugs smuggling from Pakistan,
 Major drug producing & consumption countries of the World,
 Types of drugs and international trafficking routes.

Dear Ali
culd plz recommend some buks regarding the syllabus of AD ANF?

Investigation Chapter of Criminal Procedure Code,
Basic Knowledge of “Qanun-e-Shahdat Order”,
Basic Knowledge of the Pakistan Penal Code,
Basic knowledge of Narcotics Substances Act,1997
Effects of illegal/ drug money on economy of country,
Potential hazards of drugs for general public,
International ramification of drugs smuggling from Pakistan,
Major drug producing & consumption countries of the World,
Types of drugs and international trafficking routes.

Dear friends the syllabus is absolutely different that we were expecting, i think a criminal lawyer can suggest a best book to cover these all areas.

http://www.unodc.org/documents/data-...2011_ebook.pdf
this link contain 2011 drug report of united nations it might help to cover some of the areas of syllabus.

__________________
Take risks. If you win, you will be happy. If you lose, you will be wise.

Types of Drugs

1. Opium
   
   Papaver somniferum var. album, is the species of plant from which opium and poppy seeds are extracted. Opium is the source of many opiates, including morphine, thebaine, codeine, papaverine, and noscapine. The plant itself is also valuable for ornamental purposes, and has been known as the "common garden poppy", referencing all the group of poppy plants.
   Derivative of Opium
   
   Morphine
   
   Morphine is an extremely potent opiate analgesic psychoactive drug. , is the principal active ingredient in Papaver somniferum (opium poppy, or simply opium), is considered to be the prototypical opioid. In clinical medicine, morphine is regarded as the gold standard, or benchmark, of analgesics used to relieve severe or agonizing pain and suffering.
   Heroin
   
   Heroin and Opium are derived from poppy plant. Heroin, or diacetylmorphine, also known as diamorphine, is a synthesized from morphine, a derivative of the opium poppy. Heroin is used as both a pain-killer and a recreational drug. Frequent and regular administration is associated with tolerance, moderate physical dependence, and severe psychological dependence.
   Manufacturing: Heroin, also known as diacetyl morphine is produced from acetylation of morphine derived from natural opium sources. Numerous mechanical and chemical means are used to purify the final product.
   Methods of Use: Heroin, also known as diacetyl morphine is produced from acetylation of morphine derived from natural opium sources. Numerous mechanical and chemical means are used to purify the final product.
   a. One of the most common methods of illicit heroin use is via intravenous injection .
   b. May administer the drug through snorting.
   c. Smoking by inhaling its vapors when heated; either with tobacco in a rolled cigarette or by heating the drug on aluminum foil from underneath.
   Effects: Intravenous users typically experience the rush within 7 to 8 seconds after injection, while intramuscular injection produces a slower onset of this euphoric feeling, taking 5 to 8 minutes. When heroin is sniffed or smoked, the peak effects of the drug are usually felt within 10 to 15 minutes. In addition to the initial feeling of euphoria, the short-term effects of heroin include a warm flushing of the skin, dry mouth, and heavy extremities. Chronic users may develop collapsed veins, infection of the heart lining and valves, abscesses, cellulites, and liver disease. Pulmonary complications, including various types of pneumonia, may result from the poor health condition of the abuser, as well as from heroin's depressing effects on respiration.
2. CANNABIS
   
   Derivatives of Cannabis
   
   Hashish
   
   It is derived from female cannabis (Hemp/Bhang) plant. Hashish is a preparation of cannabis composed of the compressed stalked resin glands called trichomes, collected from the cannabis plant (Bhang). Hashish is often a solid or paste-like substance of varying hardness and pliability, and will soften under heat. Its color can vary from green, yellow, black, reddish brown, or most commonly light to dark brown.
   Manufacturing: Hashish is made from cannabinoid-rich glandular hairs known as trichomes, as well as varying amounts of cannabis flower and leaf fragments. The flowers of a mature female plant contain the most trichomes, though trichomes are found on other parts of the plant. The resin reservoirs of the trichomes, sometimes erroneously called pollen are separated from the plant through various methods. The resulting powder is compressed into blocks of hashish aided by heat, which can be easily stored and transported.
   Marijuana
   
   Marijuana is the most commonly abused illicit drug. A dry, shredded green/brown mix of flowers, stems, seeds, and leaves of the plant Cannabis sativa, it usually is smoked as a cigarette (joint, nail), or in a pipe (bong). It also is smoked in blunts, which are cigars that have been emptied of tobacco and refilled with marijuana, often in combination with another drug. It might also be mixed in food or brewed as a tea. As a more concentrated, resinous form it is called hashish and, as a sticky black liquid, hash oil. Marijuana smoke has a pungent and distinctive, usually sweet-and-sour odor.
   Effects: When marijuana is smoked, its effects begin immediately after the drug enters the brain. Smoking marijuana deposits several times more THC into the blood than does eating or drinking the drug. Within a few minutes after inhaling marijuana smoke, an individual’s heart begins beating more rapidly, the bronchial passages relax and become enlarged, and blood vessels in the eyes expand, making the eyes look red. A marijuana user may experience pleasant sensations, colors and sounds may seem more intense, and time appears to pass very slowly. The user’s mouth feels dry, and he or she may suddenly become very hungry and thirsty. His or her hands may tremble and grow cold.
3. Coca Leaf
   
   Derivatives of Coca Leaf
   
   Cocaine
   
   It is derived from Coca leaf. Cocaine is a powerfully addictive stimulant that directly affects the brain. Cocaine is not a new drug. and coca leaves, the source of cocaine, have been ingested for thousands of years. Pure cocaine was first extracted from the leaf of the Erythroxylon coca bush, which grows primarily in Peru and Bolivia, in the mid-19th century. The powdered, hydrochloride salt form of cocaine can be snorted or dissolved in water and injected. Crack is cocaine that has not been neutralized by an acid to make the hydrochloride salt. This form of cocaine comes in a rock crystal that can be heated and its vapors smoked. The term “crack” refers to the crackling sound heard when it is heated.
   Effects: Cocaine is a powerfully addictive drug. Cocaine’s effects appear almost immediately after a single dose, and disappear within a few minutes or hours. Taken in small amounts (up to 100 mg), cocaine usually makes the user feel euphoric, energetic, talkative, and mentally alert, especially to the sensations of sight, sound, and touch. It can also temporarily decrease the need for food and sleep. Some users find that the drug helps them perform simple physical and intellectual tasks more quickly, while others experience the opposite effect.
4. Psychotropic Substances
   
   Derivatives
   
   Ecstasy (MDMA)
   
   MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is a synthetic, psychoactive drug chemically similar to the stimulant methamphetamine and the hallucinogen mescaline. MDMA is an illegal drug that acts as both a stimulant and psychedelic, producing an energizing effect, as well as distortions in time and perception and enhanced enjoyment from tactile experiences. Adolescents and young adults use it to promote euphoria, feelings of closeness, empathy, sexuality and to reduce inhibitions. It is considered a "party drug" and obtained at "rave" or "techno" parties. Although MDMA is known universally among users as ecstasy, researchers have determined that many ecstasy tablets contain not only MDMA but also a number of other drugs or drug combinations.
   Methamphetamine
   
   Today, methamphetamine is second only to alcohol and marijuana as the drug used most frequently in many Western and Midwestern states. Seizures of dangerous laboratory materials have increased dramatically. Methamphetamine is a highly addictive drug with potent central nervous system stimulant properties. In the 1960s, methamphetamine pharmaceutical products were widely available and extensively diverted and abused.
   Buprenorphine
   
   Buprenorphine is a semi-synthetic opiate with partial agonist actions at the antagonist actions at other opioid receptors. Buprenorphine hydrochloride was first marketed in the 1980s by Reckitt & Colman (now Reckitt Benckiser) as an analgesic, available generally as Temgesic 0.2 mg sublingual tablets, and as Buprenex in a 0.3 mg/ml injectable formulation. In October 2002, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States of America additionally approved Suboxone and Subutex, buprenorphine's high-dose sublingual pill preparations for opioid addiction, and as such the drug is now also used for this purpose.
   Use:Buprenorphine is also used recreationally, typically by opioid users. Users sometimes report a feeling of general well being, perhaps even to the point that they may become more outgoing or talkative. Due to the high potency of tablet forms of buprenorphine, only a small amount of the drug need be ingested to achieve the desired effects. The buprenorphine preparation, Suboxone, comes in an orange lemon-lime flavored tablet for sublingual administration. The taste of Suboxone is described by some to be very unpleasant. Subutex is unflavored and very bitter.
   Effects:Common adverse drug reactions associated with the use of buprenorphine are similar to those of other opioids and include: nausea and vomiting, drowsiness, dizziness, headache, itch and dry. The most severe and serious adverse reaction associated with opioid use in general is respiratory depression, the mechanism behind fatal overdose. Buprenorphine behaves differently than other opioids in this respect, as it shows a ceiling effect for respiratory depression.

Qanoon-e-shahadat---- notes ++++++ QANOON-E-SHADAT ORDER, 1984 +++++++
=============================================
=============================================

Qanoon-e-shadat order 1984 is acode of rules and laws which provides guidelines in the field of evidences, to the effect to finish ambiguity in cases and to bring the court at the right conclusion of justice.

The object of Qanoon -e- shadat order is to provide structure, to the effect that any fact intended to be established has to be in accordance with scheme and rules oe Qanoon-e-shadat, and if any argument which is based on plausibility and on mere presumptions would have no effect.

The aim of Qanoon-e-shahadat is to revise , amend and consolidate the law of evidence, so as to bring it in conformity with the injunctions of islam as laid down in the Holly Quran and Sunnah.

The qanoon-e-shahadat order 1984, applies to all judicial proceedings, e.g, civil proceedings, criminal proceedings, etc before any court, but it does not apply to proceedings which are not judicial.

It can be concluded that Qanoon-e-shadat order provides rules, kinds, types of evidences and the manner of recording evidences of witnesses as well as consideration of documents in evidence, etc.

================================================== ================================================== ======================================


DYING DECLARATION:
------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------

Dying declaration means such statement, which is given by the dying person. inother words dying declaration is a staement made by a person as to the cause of his death, or as to any of the circumstances of the transaction, which resulted in his death.


WHEN STATEMENTS RELATE TO CAUSE OF DEATH:
===============================================

According to article (46) sub-article (1), " Statement made by a person as to the cause of his death, or as to any of the circumstances of the transaction which resulted in his death, in cases in which the cause of that person's death comes into question, such statements are relevant whether the person who made them was or was not, at the time when they were made, under expectation of death, and whatever may be the nature of the proceeding in which the cause of his death comes into question".


ESSENTIAL CONDITIONS:
===========================

To admit dying declaration in evidence, the following necessary conditions must be proved:

1. When statement made by a person as to the cause of his death or to any of the circumstances of the transaction which resulted in his death.

2. When statement made by a person in cases in which the cause of that person's death comes into question and not of another person.

3. statement made by a person must be competent to testify as a witness under article 3 of qanoon-e-shahadat order

4. A dying declaration is only admissible in evidence when it is proved that the death of the declarant was caused or accelerated by the wounds inflicted by the accused.

5. Before a statement is admitted as dying declaration, it must be proved that the person who made he is dead.

6. Dying declaration must be complete.



EVIDENTIARY VALUE OF DYING DECLARATION.
==============================================


Dying declaration is a substantive piece of evidence and can be used against the accused, when there is nothing to suggest that the deceased had substituted an innocent person in place of real culprit. so dying declaration when deliberately made under a solemn sense of impending death and under circumstances wherein the deceased is not likely to be mistaken, is worthy of great weight. But, dying declaration which is incomplete and partly touched-up by interested parties cannot be relied upon .



HOW IT IS PROVED
===================================


A dying declaration is admissible whether it has been reduced to writing or not. If it has been recoreded by a magistrate , who is not a committing magistrate, it must be proved by calling the magistrate as a witness. If it has been recorded by the magistrate in the presence of the accused under section 164 and 364 of criminal procedure code, there arises no necessity of producing evidence to prove it.
If it has not been reduced in to writing in such case it may be proved by the person to whom it was made or who heard it.


CONCLUSION
===================

It is summed up, that the injured person, who is dead, is generally the principle witness and is likely to know more than any other person about the cause of his death. So if an injured person has stated something about the criminal act, which has made against him, is called dying declaration.
http://www.cssforum.com.pk/css-optio...dat-notes.html

Introduction of Qanun-e-Shahadat Order 1984 in Pakistan, Evidence Act 1872

The Qanun-e-Shahadat Order 1984 is very important piece of legal document in Pakistan. It repealed the Evidence Act of 1872. Qanun-e-Shahadat Order was made law by President Zia-ul-Haq in 1984. It governs the law related with evidence in all law courts of Pakistan. The Qanun-e-Shahadat 1984 is an objective law. It is the compendium of rules of procedure/practices according to which the court is to record evidence of the parties. It prescribes rules, methods with regard to evidence of parties. This order except with few exceptions, and the repealed Evidence Act, 1872 are subjectively the same but objectively they are poles apart. It is an admitted position that all Articles or the Order 1984 are substantially and subjectively mere reproduction of all sections of the repealed Act with exceptions of Article 3, Article 4 to 6(with reference to Hudood), addition of Article 44 and addition of a proviso to Article 42 if compared with corresponding sections of the repealed Act. Similarly the term “Qanun-e-Shahadat” is only an Urdu or Arabic translation of English term “Law of Evidence”.
The significant change made in the Qanun-e-Shahadat is that “Courts-Martial” covered under the Army Acts besides a tribunal or other authority exercising judicial or quasi judicial powers or jurisdiction have been included. The repealed Evidence Act, 1872 was applicable to “affidavits” but in the Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984, affidavits are not immune from its application. Only the proceedings saved are the proceedings before an Arbitrator, the reason thereof is obvious that award, if any, announced by the Arbitrator is subject to strict scrutiny under the Arbitration Act, 1940.
The Object of Qanun-e-Shahadat Order is evident from its preamble which has never been the object of the repealed Evidence Act. With reference to the preamble, Intention of object of introduction this Order, as stated therein, is to bring the all laws of evidence in conformity with the injection of Islam as laid down in the Holy Quran and Sunnah. As interpretation of all articles of Qanun-e-Shahadat must be done in conformity with the injection of Islam as laid down in the Holy Quran and Sunnah instead of adopting old interpretation of the repealed Evidence Act, 1872. However, principles of Islamic Law of evidence so long as they are not codified or adopted by Qanun-e-Shahadat, 1984 are not per se applicable Order apply to all judicial and quasi judicial proceedings. All technicalities have to be avoided and callas for doing substantial justice between parties are to be heeded.
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Introduction of Qanun-e-Shahadat Order 1984 in Pakistan, Evidence Act 1872
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The Qanun-e-Shahadat Order 1984 is very important piece of legal document in Pakistan. It repealed the Evidence Act of 1872. Qanun-e-Shahadat Order was made law by President Zia-ul-Haq in 1984. It governs the law related with evidence in all law courts of Pakistan. The Qanun-e-Shahadat 1984 is an objective law. It is the compendium of rules of procedure/practices according to which the court is to record evidence of the parties. It prescribes rules, methods with regard to evidence of parties. This order except with few exceptions, and the repealed Evidence Act, 1872 are subjectively the same but objectively they are poles apart. It is an admitted position that all Articles or the Order 1984 are substantially and subjectively mere reproduction of all sections of the repealed Act with exceptions of Article 3, Article 4 to 6(with reference to Hudood), addition of Article 44 and addition of a proviso to Article 42 if compared with corresponding sections of the repealed Act. Similarly the term “Qanun-e-Shahadat” is only an Urdu or Arabic translation of English term “Law of Evidence”.
The significant change made in the Qanun-e-Shahadat is that “Courts-Martial” covered under the Army Acts besides a tribunal or other authority exercising judicial or quasi judicial powers or jurisdiction have been included. The repealed Evidence Act, 1872 was applicable to “affidavits” but in the Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984, affidavits are not immune from its application. Only the proceedings saved are the proceedings before an Arbitrator, the reason thereof is obvious that award, if any, announced by the Arbitrator is subject to strict scrutiny under the Arbitration Act, 1940.
The Object of Qanun-e-Shahadat Order is evident from its preamble which has never been the object of the repealed Evidence Act. With reference to the preamble, Intention of object of introduction this Order, as stated therein, is to bring the all laws of evidence in conformity with the injection of Islam as laid down in the Holy Quran and Sunnah. As interpretation of all articles of Qanun-e-Shahadat must be done in conformity with the injection of Islam as laid down in the Holy Quran and Sunnah instead of adopting old interpretation of the repealed Evidence Act, 1872. However, principles of Islamic Law of evidence so long as they are not codified or adopted by Qanun-e-Shahadat, 1984 are not per se applicable Order apply to all judicial and quasi judicial proceedings. All technicalities have to be avoided and callas for doing substantial justice between parties are to be heeded.

The Tribunals especially in cases where they are required to adjudicate upon the civil rights of the parties are under an obligation to act judicially and are bound to follow the fundamental rules of evidence and fair play which are embodied in the principles of natural justice. They are required to give an opportunity to the party affected, make some kind of inquiry, and give a hearing and to collect evidence, if any. Considering all the facts and circumstances bearing on the merits of the controversy before any decision is given by them. There are the essential elements of a judicial approach to the dispute. Prescribed forms of procedure are not necessary to be followed provided in coming to the conclusion these well-recognized norms and principles of judicial approach are observed by the tribunal. Jurisdiction of a court within whose territorial limit, cause of action or part thereof would arise cannot be contracted out by parties.

Investigation Chapter Of CRPC

PART V
INFORMATION TO POLICE AND THEIR POWERS TO INVESTIGATE
CHAPTER XIV
154. Information in cognizable cases: information relating to the, commission of a cognizable offence if given orally to an officer incharge of a police station, shall reduced to writing by him or under his direction and then read over to the informant and every such information, whether given in writing or reduced to writing as aforesaid, shall be signed by the person giving it, and the substance thereof shall be entered in a book to be kept by such officer in such form as the Provincial Government may prescribe in this behalf:
155. Information in non-cognizable cases: (l) When information is given to an officer incharge of a police station of the commission within the limits of such station of a noncognizable offence, he shall enter in a book to, be kept as aforesaid the substance of such information and refer the information the Magistrate.
(2) Investigation into non-cognizable cases: No police-officer shall investigate a noncognizable
case without the order of a Magistrate of the First or Second Class having
power to try such case [or send the same for trial to the Court of Session].
(3) Any police officer receiving such order may exercise, the, same powers in respect of the investigation (except the power to arrest without warrant) as an officer incharge of a police-station may exercise in a cognizable case.
Words subs. by Law Reforms Ordinance. XH of 1972.
156. Investigation into cognizable cases: (1) Any officer incharge of a police-station may, without the order of a Magistrate, investigate any cognizable case which a Court having jurisdiction over the local area within the limits of such station would, have power to inquire into or try under the provisions of Chapter XV relating to the place of inquiry or trial.
(2) No proceeding of a police-office in any such case shall at any stage be called in question on the ground that the case was one, which such officer was not empowered under this section to investigate. Any Magistrate empowered under Section 190 may order such an investigation as above
mentioned.
[(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-sections (2) or (3) no police-officer shall
investigate an offence under Section 497 or Section 498 of the Pakistan Penal Code, except upon a complaint made by the husband of the woman, or, in his absence by some person who had the care of such woman on his behalf at the time when such offence was committed.] Sub-section (4) added by Law Reforms Ordinance, XII of 1972.
157. Procedure where cognizable offence suspected: (1) If from information received or otherwise, an officer incharge of a police-station has reason to suspect the commission of an offence which he is empowered under Section 156 to investigate, he shall forthwith send a report of the same to a Magistrate empowered to take cognizance of such offence
upon a police-report and shall proceed in person, or shall depute one of his subordinate officers not being below such rank as the Provincial Government may, by general or special order, prescribe in this behalf to proceed, to the spot, to investigate the facts and
circumstance of the case, and, if necessary, to take measures for the 'discovery and arrest of the offender:
Provided as follows: --
(a) Where local investigation dispensed with: When any information as to the commission of any such offence is given against any person by name and the case is not of a serious nature, the officer incharge of a police-station need not proceed in person or depute a subordinate officer to make an investigation on the spot;
(b) Where police-officer incharge sees no sufficient ground for investigation: if it appears to the officer incharge of a police station that there is no sufficient ground for entering on an investigation, he shall not investigate the case.
(2) In each of the cases mentioned in clauses (a) and (b) of the proviso to sub-section (1),
the officer incharge of the police-station shall state in his said report his reasons for not
fully complying with the requirements of that sub-section, and, in the case mentioned in clause (b) such officer shall also forthwith notify to the informant, if any, in such manner as may be prescribed by the Provincial Government the fact that he will not investigate the case or cause it to be investigated.
158. Reports under Section 157 how submitted: (1) Every report sent to a Magistrate under Section 157 snail, if the Provincial Government so, directs, be submitted through such superior officer of police as the Provincial Government, by general or special order, appoints in that behalf.
(2) Such superior officer may give such instructions to the officer incharge of the policestation as he thinks fit, and shall, after recording such instructions on such report, transmit the same without delay to the Magistrate.
159. Power to hold investigation or preliminary inquiry: Such Magistrate, on receiving such report may direct an investigation or, if he thinks fit at once proceed, or depute any Magistrate subordinate to him to proceed, to hold a preliminary inquiry into, or otherwise to dispose of, the case in manner provided in this Code.
160. Police-officer's power to require attendance of witnesses: Any police-officer making an investigation under this Chapter may, by order in writing, require the attendance before himself of any person, being within the limits of his own or any adjoining station who, from, the information given or otherwise, appears to be acquainted with the circumstances of the case; and such person shall attend as so required.
161. Examination of witnesses by police: (1) Any police-officer making an investigation under this Chapter or any police-officer not" below such rank as the Provincial Government may, by general or special order, prescribe in this behalf, acting on the requisition of such officer may examine orally any person supposed to be acquainted with the facts and circumstances of the case.
(2) Such person shall be bound to answer all- questions relating to such case put to him by such officer, other than questions the answers to which would have a tendency to expose him to a criminal charge or to a penalty or forfeiture.
(3) The police officer may reduce into writing any statement made to him in the course of an examination under this section, and if he does so he Shall make a separate record of the statement of each such person whose statement he records.
162. Statements to police not to be signed, use of such statements in evidence: (1) No statement made by any person to a police-officer in the course of an investigation under this Chapter shall if reduced into writing be signed by the person making it; nor shall-any such statement or any record thereof whether in a police-diary or otherwise or any part of such statement or record, be used for any purpose (save as hereinafter
provided) at any inquiry or trial in respect of any offence under investigation at the. time when such statement was made:
Provided that, when any witness is called for the prosecution in such inquiry or trial whose statement has been reduced into writing as aforesaid the Court shall on the request of the accused, refer to such writing and direct that the accused be furnished with a copy thereof, in order that any part of such statement, if duly proved, may be used to contradict
such witness in the manner provided by Section 145 of the Evidence Act, 1872. When any part of such statement is so used, any part thereof may also be used in the re-examination
of such witness, but for the purpose only of explaining any matter referred to in his crossexamination: Provided further, that, if the Court is of opinion that any part of any such statement is not relevant to the subject-matter of the Enquiry or trial or that its disclosure to the accused is not essential in the interests of justice and is inexpedient in the public interests, it shall
record such opinion (but-not the reasons therefore) and shall exclude such part from the copy of the statement furnished to the accused.
(2) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to apply to any statement falling within the provisions of Section 32, clause (1) of the Evidence Act, 1872 or to affect the provisions of Section 27 of that Act. 163. No inducement to be offered: (1) No police officer or other person in authority shall
offer or make, or cause to be offered or made, any such inducement, threat or promise as is mentioned in the Evidence Act, 1872, Section 24.
(2) But no police officer or other person shall prevent by any caution or otherwise, any person from making in the course of any investigation: under this Chapter any statement, which he may be disposed to make of his, own free will.
164. Power to record statements and confessions: (1) Any Magistrate of the First Class and any Magistrate of the Second Class specially empowered in this behalf by the Provincial Government may, if he is not a police officer, record any statement or confession made to him in the course of an investigation under this Chapter or at any time afterwards before the commencement of the inquiry or trial.
[(1-A) Any such statement may be recorded by such Magistrate in the presence of the accused, and the accused given an opportunity of cross-examining the witness making the statement],
(2) Such statements shall be recorded in such of the manners hereinafter prescribed for recording evidence as is, in his opinion, best fitted for the circumstances of the case: Such confessions shall be recorded and signed in the manner provided in Section 364, and such statements or confessions shall then be forwarded to the Magistrate by whom the case is to be inquired into or tried-
(3) A Magistrate shaft, before recording any such confessions explain to the person making it that he is not bound to make a confession and that if he does so it may be used as evidence against him and no Magistrate shall record any such confession unless, upon questioning the person making it, he has reason to believe that it was made voluntarily; and when he records any confession, he shall make a memorandum at the foot of such record to the following effect:--
"I have explained to (name) that he is not bound to make a confession and that, if he does so, any confession he may make may be used as evidence against him and I believe that this confession was voluntarily made. It was taken in my presence and hearing, and was read over to the person making it and admitted by him to be correct, and it contains a full and true account of the statement made by him- (Signed) A.B. Magistrate.
Explanation: It is not necessary that the Magistrate receiving and recording a confession or statement should be a Magistrate having Jurisdiction in the case. Sub-section (1-A) added by Law Reforms Ordinance, XII of 1972.
165. Search by police-officer: (1) whenever an officer incharge of a police-station or a police-officer making an investigation has reasonable grounds for believing that anything necessary for the purposes of an investigation into any offence which he is authorised to investigate may be found in any place within the limits of the police-station of which he is incharge, or to which he is attached, and that such thing cannot in his opinion be otherwise obtained without undue delay, such officer may, after recording in writing the grounds of his belief and specifying in such writing, so far as possible, the thing for which search is to be made, search, or cause search to be made, for such thing in any place within the limits of such station:
Provided that no such officer shall search, or cause search to be made, for anything which is in the custody of a bank or banker as defined in the Bankers' Books Evidence Act, 1891
(XVIII of 1891), and relates, or might disclose any information which relates, to the bank account of any person except, --
(a) for the purpose of investigating an offence under Sections 403. 406, 408 and 409 and Sections 421 to 424 (both inclusive) and Sections 465 to 477-A (both inclusive) of the Pakistan Penal Code with the prior permission in writing of a Sessions Judge: and
(b) in other cases, with the prior permission in writing of the High Court.
(2) A police-officer proceeding under sub-section (1) shall, if practicable, conduct the search in person.
(3) If he is unable to conduct the search in person, and there is no other person competent to make the search present at the time, he may, after recording in writing his reasons for so doing require any officer subordinate to him to make the search, and he shall deliver to such subordinate officer an order in writing specifying the place to be searched and, so far
as possible, the thing for which search is to be made; and such subordinate officer may thereupon search for such thing in such place.
(4) The provisions of this Code as to search warrants and the general provisions as to searches contained in Section 102, Section 103 shall, so far may be, apply to a search made under this section.
(5) Copies of any record made under sub-section (1) or sub-section (3) shall forthwith be sent to the nearest Magistrate empowered to take cognizance of the offence and the owner or occupier, of the place searched shall on application be furnished with a copy of
the same by the Magistrate: Provided; that he shall pay for the same unless the Magistrate for Some special reason thinks fit to furnish it free of cost.
166. When officer incharge of police station may require another to issue search warrant: (1) An officer incharge of a police-station or a police-officer not being below the rank of sub-inspector making an investigation, may require an officer incharge of another police-station, whether in the same or a different district, to cause a search to be made in any place, in any case In which the former officer might cause such search to be made, within the limits of his own station.
(2) Such officer, on being So required, shall proceed according to the provisions of Section 165, and shall forward the thing found, if any. to the officer at whose request the
search was made,
(3) Whenever there is reason to believe that the delay occasioned by requiring an officer
incharge of another police station to cause a search to be made under sub-section (1) might result in evidence of the commission of an offence being concealed or destroyed, it
shall be lawful for an officer incharge of a police-station or a police-officer making an investigation under this chapter to search, or cause to be searched, any place in the limits of another police station, in accordance with the provisions of Section 165, as if such place were within the limits of his own station.
(4) Any officer conducting a search under sub-section (3) shall forthwith send notice of the search to the officer incharge of the police station within the limits of which such place is situate, and shall also send with such notice a copy of the list (if any) prepared under Section 103, and shall also send to the nearest Magistrate empowered to take cognizance
of the offence, copies of the records referred to in Section 165, sub-sections (1) and (3).
(5) The owner or occupier of the place searcher shall, on application be furnished with a copy of any record sent to the Magistrate under sub-section (4): Provided that he shall pay for the, same unless the Magistrate for some special reasons thinks fit to furnish it free of cost.
167. Procedure when investigation cannot be completed in twenty-four hours: (1) Whenever any person is arrested and detained in custody, and it appears that the investigation cannot be completed within the period of twenty four hours fixed by Section
61, and there are grounds for believing that the accusation or information is well founded, the officer incharge of the police-station or the police-officer making the investigation if he
is not below the rank of the sub-inspector, shall forthwith transmit to the nearest Magistrate a copy of the entries in the diary hereinafter prescribed relating to the case, and shall at the game time forward the accused to such Magistrate.
Explanation : [Omitted by the Ordinance, XXXVII of 2001, dt. 13-8-2001.]
(2) The Magistrate to whom an accused person is forwarded under, this section may, whether he has or has not jurisdiction to try the case, from time to time, authorize the detention of the accused in such custody as such Magistrate thinks fit, for a term not exceeding fifteen days in the whole. If he has no jurisdiction to try the case or [send] it for trial, and considers further detention unnecessary, he may order the accused to be forwarded to a Magistrate having such jurisdiction;
Provided that no Magistrate of the Third Class, and no Magistrate of the Second Class not specially empowered in this behalf by the Provincial Government shall authorise detention in the custody of the police.
(3) A Magistrate authorizing under this section detention in the custody of the police shall record his reasons for so doing.
[(4) The Magistrate, giving such order shall forward copy of his order, with his reasons for making it, to the Sessions Judge].
[(5) Notwithstanding anything contained in Sections 60 and 61 or hereinbefore to the
contrary, where the accused forwarded under sub-section (2) is a female, the Magistrate shall not except—in the cases involving QatI or dacoity supported by reasons to be recorded in writing, authorise-the detention of the accused in police custody, and the police officer making an investigation shall interrogate the accused referred to in subsection
(1) in the prison in the presence of an officer of jail and a female police officer.
(6) The officer incharge of the prison shall make appropriate arrangements the admission of the investigating police officer into the prison for the purpose of interrogating the accused.
(7) If for the purpose of investigation, it is necessary that the accused referred to in subsection
(1) be taken out of the prison, the officer incharge of the police station or the police officer making investigation, not below the rank of sub-inspector, shall apply to the Magistrate in that behalf and the Magistrate may, for the reasons to be recorded in writing, permit taking of accused out of the prison in the company of a female police officer appointed by the Magistrate : Provided that the accused shall not be kept out of the prison while in the custody of the police between sunset and sunrise].
Word subs. by Law Reforms Ordinance, XII of 1972.
Sub-sec. (4) subs. by Law Reforms Ordinance, XII of 1972.
Sub-sections (5) to (7) added by Code of Criminal Procedure (Second Amendment) Act. XX of 1994, 8.2,
168. Report of Investigation by subordinate police officer: When any subordinate police officer has made any investigation under this Chapter, he shall report the result of such investigation to the officer incharge of the police-station.
169. Release of accused when evidence deficient: If upon an investigation under this Chapter, it appears to the officer incharge of the police station or to the police officer making the investigation that there is no sufficient evidence or reasonable ground of suspicion to justify the forwarding of the accused to a Magistrate, such officer shall if such person is in custody, release him on his executing a bond, with or without sureties, as such officer may direct, to appear, if and when so required, before a Magistrate empowered to take cognisance of the offence on a police-report and to try the accused or send him for trial.
170. Case to be sent to Magistrate when evidence is sufficient: (1) If, upon an investigation under this Chapter, it appears to the officer incharge of the police-station that there is sufficient evidence or reasonable ground as aforesaid such officer shall forward the accused under custody to a Magistrate empowered to take cognizance of the offence upon a police-report and to try the accused or send him for trial, or if the offence is bailable and the accused is able to give security, shall take shall take security from him for his appearance before such Magistrate on a day fixed and for his attendance from day-today before such Magistrate until otherwise directed.
(2) When the officer Incharge of a police station forwards an accused person to a Magistrate or take security for his appearance before such Magistrate under this section, he shall send to such Magistrate any weapon or other article which it may, be necessary, to produce before him and shall require the complainant,(if any) and so-many of the persons who appear to such officer to be acquainted with the circumstances of the case as he may think necessary, to execute a bond to appear before, the Magistrate as thereby directed and prosecute or, give evidence (as the case may be) in the matter of the charge against the accused.
(3) Omitted by item No. 65 (ii) of Punjab Notification No. SO(J-ff) 1-8/75 (P-V), dated 21.3.1996 for Punjab and by same Item No. of Islamabad Notification No. S.R.O. 255 (I)/96, dated 8-4-1996 for Islamabad only.]
(4) [Rep. by the Code of Criminal Procedure (Amendment Act II of 1926 Section 2]
(5) The officer in whose presence the bond is executed shall deliver a-copy thereof to one of the persons who executed it, and shall then send to the Magistrate the original with his report.
171. Complainants and witnesses not to be required to accompany police-officer: No complainant or witness on his way to the Court of Magistrate shall be required to accompany a police officer. Complainants and witnesses not to be subjected to restraint: Or shall be subjected to unnecessary restraint or inconvenience, or required to give any security for his appearance other than his own bond.
Reseusant complainant witness may be forwarded in custody: .Provided that, if any complainant or witness refuses to attend or to execute a bond as directed in Section 170, the officer |incharge of the police-station may forward him in custody to the Magistrate who may detain him in custody until he executes such bond, or until the hearing of the case is completed.
172. Diary of proceedings in investigation: (1) Every police-officer making an investigation under this Chapter shall day by day enter his proceedings in the investigation in-a diary setting forth the time at which the information reached him, the time at which he
began and closed his investigation, the place or places Visited by him, and a statement ©f the circumstances ascertained through his investigation.
(2) Any Criminal Court may send for the police-diaries of a case under inquiry or trial in such Court, and may use such diaries, not as evidence in the case, but to aid it in such inquiry or trial. Neither the accused nor his agents shall be entitled to call for such diaries, nor shaft he or they be entitled to see them merely because they are referred to by the Court; but, if they are used by the police-officer who made them, to refresh his memory, or if the Court uses them for the purpose of contradicting such police-officer, the provisions
of the Evidence Act, 1872, Section 161 or Section 145, as the case may be, shall apply.
173. Report of police officer: (1) Every investigation under this Chapter shall be completed without unnecessary delay, and, as soon as it is completed, the officer incharge of the police-station shall [through the Public Prosecutor]--
(a) forward to a Magistrate empowered to take cognizance of the offence on a policereport, a report in the form prescribed by the Provincial Government, setting forth the names of the parties, the nature of the information and the names of the persons who
appear to be acquainted with the circumstances of the case, and stating whether the accused (if arrested) has been forwarded in custody or has been released on his bond, and, if so, whether with or without sureties, and
(6) communicate, in such manner as may be prescribed by the Provincial Government, the action taken by him to the person, if any, by whom the information relating to the commission of the offence was first given :
[provided that, where investigation is not completed within a period of fourteen days from the date of recording of the first information report under Section 154, the officer incharge of the police station shall, within three days of the expiration of such period, forward to the Magistrate through the Public Prosecutor, an interim report in the form prescribed by the Provincial Government stating therein the result of the investigation made until then and the Court shall commence the trial on the basis of such interim report, unless, for reasons to be recorded, the Court decides that the trial should not so commence],
(2) Where a superior officer of police has been appointed under Section 158, the report shall, in any cases in which the Provincial Government by general or special order so directs, be submitted through that officer, and he may, pending the orders of the Magistrate, direct the officer incharge of the police-station to make further investigation.
(3) Whenever it appears from a report forwarded under this section that the accused has been released on his bond, the Magistrate shall make such order for the discharge of such bond or otherwise as he thinks fit.
(4) A copy of any report forwarded under this section shall, on application, be furnished to the accused before the commencement of the inquiry or trial: Provided that the same shall be paid for unless the Magistrate for some special reason thinks fit to furnish it free of cost.
[(5) Where the officer incharge of a police station forwards a report under sub-section (1), he shall along with the report produce the witnesses in the case, except the public servants, and the Magistrate shall bind such witnesses for appearance before him or some other Court on the date fixed for trial.]

Illicit Drug Trends in Pakistan

http://www.unodc.org/documents/regio...istan_rev1.pdf
http://www.jespk.net/Publications/Vol%205/10.pdf

Major Drug Producers & Consumers In World
http://www.unodc.org/documents/data-...2011_ebook.pdf

Effects of Drug Money on Economy
http://www.adb.org/documents/others/...eg_effects.pdf


Illicit Drugs: Social Impacts and Policy Responses
http://www.unrisd.org/80256B3C005BCCF9/%28httpAuxPages%29/4C3D0BE90FAD550480256B6400419B57/$file/bp2.pdf


Basic knowledge of Narcotics Substances Act,1997
http://pakistansocietyofcriminology....cesAct1997.pdf

Drug Trafficking from Pakistan: International Implications
Drug Trafficking


Pakistan is geographically vulnerable to drug trafficking, sharing a 2,430km-long, porous border with Afghanistan, the world's largest producer of illicit opium. Pakistan itself has over 1,000 hectares of poppy cultivation, concentrated in the restive Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) on the border with Afghanistan. Cannabis is also produced in large quantities in the sub-region. Most of the cannabis trafficked in the region also originates from Afghanistan, and is processed in the inaccessible areas of Pakistan's FATA region.
The ramifications of drug processing and trafficking are felt globally. UNODC estimates that Pakistan is now the destination and transit country for approximately 40% of the opiates produced in Afghanistan. Most processing takes place in small, mobile laboratories in the Afghan-Pakistan border areas although increasing instances of processing on the Afghan border with the Central Asian Republics have been reported. The sub region itself has become a major consumer market for opiates. Opiate processing on both sides of the Afghan-Pakistan border have created a trafficking and, importantly in the case of Pakistan, a drug abuse problem since the early 1980s.
Drug abuse and addiction problems are often exacerbated along trafficking routes. Heroin users in Pakistan are estimated to consume 20 tons of pure heroin annually. Although drug use in Pakistan is a known - and likely increasing - problem, credible research into use and the distribution of drug users is lacking. The last assessment, conducted in 2006, has serious flaws and almost certainly underestimated the problem. It is difficult to gauge accurately the impact of drug trafficking upon drug use with the existing body of research.



http://www.nbr.org/publications/spec...20_preview.pdf


http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc...f&AD=ADA449213

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Victory Loves Preparation

Pakistan Narcotics Board (PNB) was set up in 1957, in the Revenue Division in order to fulfill Pakistan’s obligations under the International Opium Convention of 1925.

Pakistan Narcotics Board (PNB) comprised representatives from the Provincial Governments and some Federal Ministries/Divisions.

Pakistan ratified the Single Convention on Narcotics Drugs, 1961 on 15th August, 1965. With a view to meet its obligations under the said Convention, the Government of Pakistan, through a declaration of 8 March, 1973, reorganized the PNB as Pakistan Narcotics Control Board (PNCB).

The Anti Narcotics Task Force (ANTF) was established in December 1991.

In February 1995 ex PNCB and ANTF were amalgamated to constitute the Anti Narcotics Force.

Secretary National Narcotics Control Committee (NNCC) will be a functional coordination and cooperation mechanism for directing, implementing and monitoring policy.

National Anti Narcotics Council (NANC) will be set up under the chairmanship of the Prime Minister of Pakistan in order to evaluate and review Anti-Narcotics Policy. The Chief Ministers of the Provinces will be members of NANC. The Council will meet annually with the MoNC acting as the Secretariat.

Parliamentary Committees on Narcotics Control will exercise parliamentary oversight by evaluating and monitoring the implementation of the Anti-Narcotics Policy. The committees will also prepare recommendations regarding review and improvement of Anti-Narcotics Policy for the NANC.

The Pakistan Penal Code usually called PPC is a penal code for all offences charged in Pakistan. It was originally prepared by Lord Macaulay with a great consultation in 1860 on the behalf of the Government of British India as the Indian Penal Code. After the partition of India in 1947, Pakistan inherited the same code and subsequently after several amendments in different governments, it is now mixture of Islamic and English Law.

HISTORY
The draft of the (British) Indian Penal Code was prepared by the First Law Commission and it was chaired by Lord Macaulay. Its basis is the law of England freed from superfluities, technicalities and local peculiarities. Suggestions were also derived from the French Penal Code and from Livingstone's Code of Louisiana. The draft underwent a very careful revision at the hands of Sir Barnes Peacock, Chief Justice, and puisne Judges of the Calcutta Supreme Court who were members of the Legislative Council, and was passed into law in 1860, unfortunately Macaulay did not survive to see his masterpiece enacted into a law.
Though it is principally the work of a man who had hardly held a brief, and whose time was devoted to politics and literature, it was universally acknowledged to be a monument of codification and an everlasting memorial to the high juristic attainments of its distinguished author. For example even cyber crimes can be punished under the code.

PPC can also be downloaded from the official website of FIA.

http://fia.gov.pk/default_files/ppc.pdf

 Potential hazards of drugs for general public,
 International ramification of drugs smuggling from Pakistan,

Hazards/ill effects of drugs on general public or society

http://www.unodc.org/pdf/technical_s...95-03-01_1.pdf


http://www.unodc.org/pdf/technical_s...98-01-01_1.pdf


International ramification of drugs smuggling from Pakistan

For this my pdf links on Illicit drugs & money laundering, Drug Money for financing terrorism are helpful.

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Victory Loves Preparation

Good effort. You forgot to mention the last two articles of Investigation Chapter of CRPC . They are:

175. Power to summon person.

(1) A Police-officer proceeding under section 174, may, by order in writing, summon two or more persons as aforesaid for the purpose of the said investigation, and any other person who appears to be acquainted with the facts of the case. Every person so summoned shall be bound to attend and to answer truly all questions other than questions the answers to which would have a tendency to expose him to a criminal charge, or to a penalty or forfeiture.

(2) If the facts do not disclose a cognizable offence to which section 170 applies, such persons shall not be required by the police-officer to attend a Magistrate’s Court.

176. Inquiry by Magistrate into cause of death.

(1) When any person dies when in the custody of the police, the nearest Magistrate empowered to hold inquests shall, and, in any other case mentioned in section 174, clauses (a), (b) and (c) of sub-section (1), any Magistrate so empowered may hold an inquiry into the cause of death either instead of, or in addition to, the investigation held by the police-officer, and if he does so, he shall have all the powers in conducting it which he would have in holding an inquiry into an offence. The Magistrate holding such an inquiry shall record the evidence taken by him in connection therewith in any of the manners hereinafter prescribed according to the circumstances of the case.

(2) Power to disinter corpses. Whenever such Magistrate considers it expedient to make an examination of the dead body of any person who has been already interred, in order to discover the cause of his death, the Magistrate may cause the body to be disinterred and examined.

yup at last ..haha thanks buddy
i just talked to bergedier he is posted in Quetta and is regional chief of force. he gave me some points regarding these things. and he will further guide me regarding this.
Potential hazards of drugs for general public,..
it leads towrds ediction, then ediction leads towards crime when crime is there then society is badly effected.

Types of drugs and international trafficking routes.
it is mentioned above by a memeber.
Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran then turkey, Greece towrds Latin American states.
Afghanistan se central Asian state, then Iran whan se Azerbaijan whan se Russia and china.
Afghanistan se pakistan then india then nepal then Thailand, betoken.
Afghanistan se African countries main.
805=% of opium is cultivated in Afghanistan total 8200 tones is produced by Afghanistan.
sea route, air and road all are used for this purpose, No African country is involved in production but they are involved in transferring,

Follow this link for getting knowledge about Golden triangle.
this triangle is playing the role of God Father in drug production and trafficking.

Golden Triangle (Southeast Asia) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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It is Human, who is bad not Religions.