Dear friends...

Let's prepare for our screening test, it is requested to all of you that post relevant stuff so that we can get through in CCE2013... PCS-Exam 2013



Syllabus
English....... 25%
CA.............20%
PA.............20%
ISL............20%
EDS...........15%

Taste date: 23rd and 24th November 2013

Exam Date: (who qualifed screening test)........Dec-2013/Jan 2014


Thanks in anticipation....

Noble & Important Prices of 2013

The 2013 Ig Nobel Prize Winners

The 2013 Ig Nobel Prize winners were announced and awarded on Thursday night, September 12, 2013, at the Ig Nobel Ceremony. The event was webcast live.

MEDICINE PRIZE: Masateru Uchiyama [JAPAN], Xiangyuan Jin [CHINA, JAPAN], Qi Zhang [JAPAN], Toshihito Hirai [JAPAN], Atsushi Amano [JAPAN], Hisashi Bashuda [JAPAN] and Masanori Niimi [JAPAN, UK], for assessing the effect of listening to opera, on heart transplant patients who are mice.

REFERENCE: "Auditory stimulation of opera music induced prolongation of murine cardiac allograft survival and maintained generation of regulatory CD4+CD25+ cells," Masateru Uchiyama, Xiangyuan Jin, Qi Zhang, Toshihito Hirai, Atsushi Amano, Hisashi Bashuda and Masanori Niimi, Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery, vol. 7, no. 26, epub. March 23, 2012.

ATTENDING THE CEREMONY: Masateru Uchiyama, Xiangyuan Jin, Masanori Niimi



PSYCHOLOGY PRIZE: Laurent Bègue [FRANCE], Brad Bushman [USA, UK, the NETHERLANDS, POLAND], Oulmann Zerhouni [FRANCE], Baptiste Subra [FRANCE], and Medhi Ourabah [FRANCE], for confirming, by experiment, that people who think they are drunk also think they are attractive.

REFERENCE: "'Beauty Is in the Eye of the Beer Holder': People Who Think They Are Drunk Also Think They Are Attractive," Laurent Bègue, Brad J. Bushman, Oulmann Zerhouni, Baptiste Subra, Medhi Ourabah, British Journal of Psychology, epub May 15, 2012.

ATTENDING THE CEREMONY: Brad Bushman, Laurent Bègue, Medhi Ourabah



JOINT PRIZE IN BIOLOGY AND ASTRONOMY: Marie Dacke [SWEDEN, AUSTRALIA], Emily Baird [SWEDEN, AUSTRALIA, GERMANY], Marcus Byrne [SOUTH AFRICA, UK], Clarke Scholtz [SOUTH AFRICA], and Eric J. Warrant [SWEDEN, AUSTRALIA, GERMANY], for discovering that when dung beetles get lost, they can navigate their way home by looking at the Milky Way.

REFERENCE: "Dung Beetles Use the Milky Way for Orientation," Marie Dacke, Emily Baird, Marcus Byrne, Clarke H. Scholtz, Eric J. Warrant, Current Biology, epub January 24, 2013.

ATTENDING THE CEREMONY: Marie Dacke, Emily Baird, Marcus Byrne, Eric Warrant



SAFETY ENGINEERING PRIZE: The late Gustano Pizzo [USA], for inventing an electro-mechanical system to trap airplane hijackers — the system drops a hijacker through trap doors, seals him into a package, then drops the encapsulated hijacker through the airplane's specially-installed bomb bay doors, whence he parachutes to earth, where police, having been alerted by radio, await his arrival. US Patent #3811643, Gustano A. Pizzo, "anti hijacking system for aircraft", May 21, 1972.



PHYSICS PRIZE: Alberto Minetti [ITALY, UK, DENMARK, SWITZERLAND], Yuri Ivanenko [ITALY, RUSSIA, FRANCE], Germana Cappellini [ITALY], Nadia Dominici [ITALY, SWITZERLAND], and Francesco Lacquaniti [ITALY], for discovering that some people would be physically capable of running across the surface of a pond — if those people and that pond were on the moon.

REFERENCE: "Humans Running in Place on Water at Simulated Reduced Gravity," Alberto E. Minetti, Yuri P. Ivanenko, Germana Cappellini, Nadia Dominici, Francesco Lacquaniti, PLoS ONE, vol. 7, no. 7, 2012, e37300.

ATTENDING THE CEREMONY: Alberto Minetti and Yuri Ivanenko



CHEMISTRY PRIZE: Shinsuke Imai [JAPAN], Nobuaki Tsuge [JAPAN], Muneaki Tomotake [JAPAN], Yoshiaki Nagatome [JAPAN], Toshiyuki Nagata [JAPAN, GERMANY], and Hidehiko Kumgai [JAPAN], for discovering that the biochemical process by which onions make people cry is even more complicated than scientists previously realized.

REFERENCE: "Plant Biochemistry: An Onion Enzyme that Makes the Eyes Water," S. Imai, N. Tsuge, M. Tomotake, Y. Nagatome, H. Sawada, T. Nagata and H. Kumagai, Nature, vol. 419, no. 6908, October 2002, p. 685.

ATTENDING THE CEREMONY: All six co-authors.



ARCHAEOLOGY PRIZE: Brian Crandall [USA] and Peter Stahl [CANADA, USA], for parboiling a dead shrew, and then swallowing the shrew without chewing, and then carefully examining everything excreted during subsequent days — all so they could see which bones would dissolve inside the human digestive system, and which bones would not.

REFERENCE: "Human Digestive Effects on a Micromammalian Skeleton," Peter W. Stahl and Brian D. Crandall, Journal of Archaeological Science, vol. 22, November 1995, pp. 789–97.

ATTENDING THE CEREMONY: Brian Crandall



PEACE PRIZE: Alexander Lukashenko, president of Belarus, for making it illegal to applaud in public, AND to the Belarus State Police, for arresting a one-armed man for applauding.



PROBABILITY PRIZE: Bert Tolkamp [UK, the NETHERLANDS], Marie Haskell [UK], Fritha Langford [UK, CANADA], David Roberts [UK], and Colin Morgan [UK], for making two related discoveries: First, that the longer a cow has been lying down, the more likely that cow will soon stand up; and Second, that once a cow stands up, you cannot easily predict how soon that cow will lie down again.

REFERENCE: "Are Cows More Likely to Lie Down the Longer They Stand?" Bert J. Tolkamp, Marie J. Haskell, Fritha M. Langford, David J. Roberts, Colin A. Morgan, Applied Animal Behaviour Science, vol. 124, nos. 1-2, 2010, pp. 1–10.

ATTENDING THE CEREMONY: Bert Tolkamp



PUBLIC HEALTH PRIZE: Kasian Bhanganada, Tu Chayavatana, Chumporn Pongnumkul, Anunt Tonmukayakul, Piyasakol Sakolsatayadorn, Krit Komaratal, and Henry Wilde, for the medical techniques described in their report "Surgical Management of an Epidemic of Penile Amputations in Siam" — techniques which they recommend, except in cases where the amputated penis had been partially eaten by a duck. [THAILAND]

REFERENCE: "Surgical Management of an Epidemic of Penile Amputations in Siam," by Kasian Bhanganada, Tu Chayavatana, Chumporn Pongnumkul, Anunt Tonmukayakul, Piyasakol Sakolsatayadorn, Krit Komaratal, and Henry Wilde, American Journal of Surgery, 1983, no. 146, pp. 376-382.

ATTENDING THE CEREMONY: Nobel laureate Eric Maskin read aloud the acceptance speech sent by the winners.
- See more at: http://www.improbable.com/ig/winners....8POx4Efw.dpuf

Here's a look at the achievements being honored by this year's Nobel Prizes, the $1.2 million awards handed out since 1901 by committees in Stockholm and Oslo.

NOBEL PEACE PRIZE
The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons wins the 2013 Nobel Peace Prize.

NOBEL PRIZE IN LITERATURE
The literature prize was given to Canada's Alice Munro, hailed by the award-giving Swedish Academy as a "master of the contemporary short story." The 82-year-old author is often called "Canada's Chekhov" for her astute, unflinching and compassionate depiction of seemingly unremarkable lives. She is the author of a series of story collections chronicling the lives of girls and women before and after the 1960s social revolution, including "The Moons of Jupiter," 'The Progress of Love" and "Runaway."

NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY
The chemistry prize was given to three U.S.-based scientists for developing computer models that predict complex chemical reactions that can be used for tasks like creating new drugs. Their approach combined classical physics and quantum physics. The winners are Martin Karplus of the University of Strasbourg, France, and Harvard University; Michael Levitt of the Stanford University School of Medicine, and Arieh Warshel of the University of Southern California in Los Angeles.

NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS
The physics prize was awarded for a theory about how subatomic particles get their mass. The theory made headlines last year when it was confirmed at the CERN laboratory in Geneva by the discovery of the elusive Higgs particle. The prize was shared by two men who proposed the theory independently of each other in 1964: Peter Higgs of Britain and Francois Englert of Belgium.

NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE
The medicine prize, the first of the 2013 awards, honored breakthroughs in understanding how key substances are moved around within a cell. That process happens through vesicles, tiny bubbles that deliver their cargo within a cell to the right place at the right time. Disturbances in the delivery system can lead to neurological diseases, diabetes or immunological disorders. The prize was shared by Americans James E. Rothman of Yale and Randy W. Schekman of the University of California, Berkeley; and German-American Dr. Thomas C. Sudhof of the Stanford University School of Medicine.

SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC))

Secretariat: Kathmandu, Nepal
Official languages: English
Establishment: December 8, 1985
SAARC Secretariat was established in Kathmandu on 16 January 1987
Members: (8) Afghanistan (2007), Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. 9 observers.
Secretary General: Ahmed Saleem (Maldives).
Chairmen: Mohd. Waheed Hassan ManikCity, Maldives

ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nations)
Secretariat: Jakarta, Indonesia
Secretary-General: Le luong Minh (Vietnam).
Bangkok Declaration: 8 August 1967
Charter signed on: 16 December 2008
Members: (10) Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Brunei, Burma (Myanmar), Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. 2 Observers

OIC
Secretariat: Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Official languages: Arabic, English, French
Establishment: September 25, 1969
Secretary-General: Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu (Turkish)
Members: 57 member states
It changed its name from the Organization of the Islamic Conference on 28 June 2011 and renamed as Organization of Islamic Cooperation.
Last Conference (12th): 2nd February 2013, Cairo.

ECO
Secretariat: Tehran, Iran
Official languages: English
Establishment: 1985
successor organization of Regional Cooperation for Development (RCD), founded in 1964, which ended activities in 1979.
Secretary-General: Shamil Aleskerov (Azerbaijan)
Members: 10 member states Iran, Pakistan, Turkey Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.

SCO (Shanghai Cooperation Organization)
Secretariat: Beijing, China
Official languages: Chinese and Russian
Establishment: 2001
Secretary-General: Muratbek Sansyzbayevich Imanaliyev (Kryghiztan)
Members: (6 Members) China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan
successor organization Shanghai Five, founded in 1996; after the inclusion of Uzbekistan in 2001, the members renamed the organization.
Observers: (5) Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Iran and Mongolia
Dialogue Partner: Belarus, Sri Lanka and Turkey.

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
Formation: 4th April, 1949.
HQ: Brussels, Belgium.
Members: 28 states
Official language: English, French.
Secretary General: Anders Fogh Rasmussen (Danish)
Chairman of the NATO Military Committee: Knud Bartels (Danish)
Last summit: 2012, Chicago Summit.
NATO commander in Afghanistan: General Joseph Dunford. Jon Allen.

EU (European Union)
Establishment:
Treaty of Paris – July 1951
Treaty of Rome – January 1957
Maastricht Treaty – February 1992
Treaty of Lisbon – December 2007
Official languages: 23
Member states: 27
President of the Council - Herman Van Rompuy.
President of the Commission - José Manuel Barroso.
European Parliament: 754 seats, 3 working places (Brussels, Strasbourg and Luxembourg), President: Martin schulz, 14 Vice president.
Council of the EU (Consilium): Presidency: Ireland.
High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy: Catherine Ashton (UK) - Dec. 2009.
Schengen Agreement: 1995 (26 countries)
Euro Zone: 1st January 1999 (17 members)
ECB (Frankfurt, Germany) President: Mario Draghi
EEA (European Economic Area): EU + Iceland, Norway & Liechtenstein
EU budget summit: 10 Feb 2013, Brussels.


World Population

World: 7,101,800,000
1. China 1,347 million
2. India 1,241 million
3. United States 313 million
4. Indonesia 248 million
5. Brazil 198 million
6. Pakistan 180 million
7. Nigeria 170 million
8. Bangladesh 160 million
9. Russia 143 million
10. Japan 128 millionlu (Turkish)
Members: 57 member states
It changed its name from the Organization of the Islamic Conference on 28 June 2011 and renamed as Organization of Islamic Cooperation.
Last Conference (12th): 2nd February 2013, Cairo.

__________________
-Verily, His command, when He intends a thing, is only that He says "Be!" - and it is! (Al-Quran)

When did Quid-e-Azam take oath as first Governor General of Pakistan? 15th Aug 1947
Who became first Prime Minister of Pakistan? Liaquat Ali Khan
Collectively how many Governor Generals ruled over Pakistan? 4
When did Pakistan become member of United Nations? 30th Aug 1947
Which country opposed Pakistan's membership in United Nations? Afghanistan
Who was last Governor General of Pakistan? Iskander Mirza
Which country was paid an official visit by the first Prime Minister of Pakistan in 1950? America
Which country accepted Pakistan first? Iran
When Liaquat Ali Khan was assasinated? 16th Oct 1951
Who became second Prime Minister of Pakistan? Khwaja Nazimuddin
When Quad-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah was died? 11th Sept 1948
Who became second Governor General of Pakistan? Khwaja Nazimuddin
When India as grieved party appeared before the Security Council?April 1948
Which headwork’s of canals irrigating Pakistani areas were unlawfully given to India? Madhopur and Ferozpur
When India cut off Pakistan’s water supply without notice? April 1948
In which year a formal treaty of water was signed between India and Pakistan? 1960
Under whose auspices water treaty was signed? World Bank
Among the following which pact with India was signed by Mr. Liaquat Ali Khan? Liaquat Nehru Pact (8 April 1950)
After the war of 1965 which pact was signed between India and Pakistan? Tashkant Pact
Who called upon indian and Pakistani leaders to sign the pact? Henry Kosygin
From India who participated the Tashkant Declaration? Mr. Lal Bahadur Shastri
Who represented Pakistan in Tashkant Meeting? Gen. Ayub Khan
When Tashkant Agreement was signed? January 1966
Who participated Tashkant Pact as the Foreign Minister of Pakistan? Mr. Z.A. Bhutto
When PPP was established? December 1967
When Gen Ayub Khan resigned from his President ship? 25th March 1969
Who became President of Pakistan after Ayub Khan? Gen. Yahya Khan
In which year Gen. Yahya held General Elections in the country? 1970
Which incident took place in 1971 which provided India chance to attack on Pakistan? Indian drama of hijacking their own plane
What was the name of Indian plane that was hijacked? Ganga
When India launched war against Pakistan? 21st November 1971
When Gen. Yahya Khan resigned from his President ship? 20th December 1971
When Mr. Z.A. Bhutto became the Prime Minister of Pakistan? 14th August 1973
Which of the following was the first step taken by Mr. Bhutto for Economic Development? Nationalization of Industries
After war of 1971 which agreement was signed between India and Pakistan? Simla Pact
When the Simla Accord was signed? July 1972
Due to successful Foreign Policy of Mr. Bhutto, which important event took place in Pakistan? 2nd Islamic Summit Conference
When 2nd Islamic Summit Conference was held? February 1974
How many Heads of Islamic countries participated 2nd Islamic Summit Conference? 40
What major issue was resolved by Pakistan in 2nd Islamic Summit Conference? Accepted Bangladesh
When Mr. Bhutto was arrested after Elections of 1977? July 1977
Who imposed third Martial Law on Pakistan? Gen. Zia-ul-Haque
When Mr. Bhutto was sentenced to get death punishment? 4th April 1979
When Gen. Zia held the referendum in the country? December 1984
In which year Mr. Mohammad Khan Junejo was appointed as Prime Minister? 1984
Among the following which law was introduced by Ayub Khan? Family laws
Among following what was introduced by Gen. Zia? Hudood Ordinance
When a C-130 plane carrying Gen. Zia crashed near Bahawalpur? 17th August 1988
Who became President of Pakistan after Gen. Zia? Mr. Ghulam Ishaque Khan
When the Elections to the National and Provincial Assemblies were held in 1988? November 1988
When Benazir Government was dismissed by G.I. Khan on various charges? 6th August 1990
When Pakistan Bait-ul-Mal was established? 1992
When Mrs. Benazir Bhutto became Prime Minister for second term? October 1993
What was the duration of second term of Benazir Government? 1993-1996
During Nawaz Sharif’s second tenure when Pakistan became Nuclear Power? 28th May 1998
What do we call the day when Pakistan became Nuclear Power? Yoam-e-Takbeer
Which post Gen. Musharraf secured after taking over? Chief Executive
Which of following event took place between India and Pakistan in Musharraf’s era? Agra Summit
When Gen. Musharraf held referendum? April 30, 2002
When first General Elections were held by Gen. Musharraf? October 10, 2002
Who became Prime Minister of Pakistan after 2002 Elections? Mr. Mir Zafarullah Jamali
When Gen. Musharraf left his office as Army Chief? 20th November 2007
When Gen. Musharraf resigned from President ship? 18th August 2008
when Mrs. Benazir Bhutto was assassinated? 27th December 2007
when Gen. Musharraf held second General Elections in Pakistan? 18th February 2008

__________________
-Verily, His command, when He intends a thing, is only that He says "Be!" - and it is! (Al-Quran)

Great dear keep sharing on.... I will also doing so...

S.No Name of prime Minsters
1. Liaquat Ali Khan
2. Khawaja Nazimuddin
3. Muhammad Ali Bogra.
4. Choudhry Muhammad Ali
5. Mr:- Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar( I.I chundrigar)
6. Malik Feroz Khan Noon
7. Zulfiquar Ali Bhutto
8. Muhammad Khan Junejo.
9. Mohatarma Benazir Bhutto
10. Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi
11. Muhammad Nawaz Shareef
12. Balk sher Khan Mazari
13. Moeen Quraishi
14. Mohtarma Benzair Bhutto
15. Malik Mairaj Khalid
16. Muhammad Mian Nawaz sharif
17. Zafarullha Khan jamali
18. Ch:shujahat Hussain
19. Shoukat Aziz
20. Mian Muhammad Soomro
21. Yousaf Raza Gilaini
22. Raja Pervaiz Ashraf
23. Mir Hazar khan Khoso
24. Mian muhammad Nawaz shareef.
……………….
governor-generals of pakistan

1.muhammad ali jinnaha
2.khawaja nazimuddin
3.malik ghulam muhammad
4.maj gen iskandar mirza

presidents of pakistan
1. Iskandar mirza
2.feild marshal ayoub khan
3.gen agha muhammad yaha khan
4.zulfiquar ali bhutto
5.choudhry fazal ilahi
6.gen zia ul haq.
7.ghulam ishaq khan
8.sardar farooq ahmed khan
9.justice(r) m.rafiq tarar
10.gen pervaiz musharf
11.gen pervaiz musharaf
12.asif ali zardari
13. Mamnoon hussain
……………………………………..
International Days by UN


2013: International year for water Cooperation
International Year of Quinoa
2012: International Year of Sustainable Energy for All

27 January – International day for victims of holocaust
4 February – World Cancer Day
13 February – World Radio Day
21 February – International day of language
8 March – International Women’s Day.
21 March - International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
22 March – World Water Day
7 April - World Health Day
3 May – World Press Freedom Day
5 June – World Environment Day
12 June – World Day against Child Labour
14 June – World Blood Donor Day
20 June – World refugee Day
11 July – World population Day.
18 July – Nelson Mendala Day
28 July - World Hepititis Day
12 August – International Youth Day
8 September – World literacy Day.
15 September – Democracy Day
27 September – World tourism Day
9 October – World Post Day
13 October – International day for disaster reduction.
16 October – World Food Day
24 October – UN Day
20 November – Universal Children Day
29 November – Palestine solidarity Day
1 December- World Aids Day
10 December – Human Rights Day
……………….
S. No name of cheif

1. Gneeral frank messervy
2. Gen:-sir douglas gracy
3. Gen:- muhammad ayoub khan
4. General muhammad musa khan
5. General muhammad yaha khan
6. Gen:- tikka khan
7. Gen:- muhammad zia ul haq
8. Gen:- mirza aslam baig
9. Gen;- asif nawaz janjua
10. Gen:- abdul waheed kakar
11. Gen: - jehangir karamat
12. Gen :- pervaiz musharaf
13. Gen :- pervaiz kiyani
………………………….
When did Quid-e-Azam take oath as first Governor General of Pakistan? 15th Aug 1947
Who became first Prime Minister of Pakistan? Liaquat Ali Khan
Collectively how many Governor Generals ruled over Pakistan? 4
When did Pakistan become member of United Nations? 30th Aug 1947
Which country opposed Pakistan's membership in United Nations? Afghanistan
Who was last Governor General of Pakistan? Iskander Mirza
Which country was paid an official visit by the first Prime Minister of Pakistan in 1950? America
Which country accepted Pakistan first? Iran
When Liaquat Ali Khan was assasinated? 16th Oct 1951
Who became second Prime Minister of Pakistan? Khwaja Nazimuddin
When Quad-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah was died? 11th Sept 1948
Who became second Governor General of Pakistan? Khwaja Nazimuddin
When India as grieved party appeared before the Security Council?April 1948
Which headwork’s of canals irrigating Pakistani areas were unlawfully given to India? Madhopur and Ferozpur
When India cut off Pakistan’s water supply without notice? April 1948
In which year a formal treaty of water was signed between India and Pakistan? 1960
Under whose auspices water treaty was signed? World Bank
Among the following which pact with India was signed by Mr. Liaquat Ali Khan? Liaquat Nehru Pact (8 April 1950)
After the war of 1965 which pact was signed between India and Pakistan? Tashkant Pact
Who called upon indian and Pakistani leaders to sign the pact? Henry Kosygin
From India who participated the Tashkant Declaration? Mr. Lal Bahadur Shastri
Who represented Pakistan in Tashkant Meeting? Gen. Ayub Khan
When Tashkant Agreement was signed? January 1966
Who participated Tashkant Pact as the Foreign Minister of Pakistan? Mr. Z.A. Bhutto
When PPP was established? December 1967
When Gen Ayub Khan resigned from his President ship? 25th March 1969
Who became President of Pakistan after Ayub Khan? Gen. Yahya Khan
In which year Gen. Yahya held General Elections in the country? 1970
Which incident took place in 1971 which provided India chance to attack on Pakistan? Indian drama of hijacking their own plane
What was the name of Indian plane that was hijacked? Ganga
When India launched war against Pakistan? 21st November 1971
When Gen. Yahya Khan resigned from his President ship? 20th December 1971
When Mr. Z.A. Bhutto became the Prime Minister of Pakistan? 14th August 1973
Which of the following was the first step taken by Mr. Bhutto for Economic Development? Nationalization of Industries
After war of 1971 which agreement was signed between India and Pakistan? Simla Pact
When the Simla Accord was signed? July 1972
Due to successful Foreign Policy of Mr. Bhutto, which important event took place in Pakistan? 2nd Islamic Summit Conference
When 2nd Islamic Summit Conference was held? February 1974
How many Heads of Islamic countries participated 2nd Islamic Summit Conference? 40
What major issue was resolved by Pakistan in 2nd Islamic Summit Conference? Accepted Bangladesh
When Mr. Bhutto was arrested after Elections of 1977? July 1977
Who imposed third Martial Law on Pakistan? Gen. Zia-ul-Haque
When Mr. Bhutto was sentenced to get death punishment? 4th April 1979
When Gen. Zia held the referendum in the country? December 1984
In which year Mr. Mohammad Khan Junejo was appointed as Prime Minister? 1984
Among the following which law was introduced by Ayub Khan? Family laws
Among following what was introduced by Gen. Zia? Hudood Ordinance
When a C-130 plane carrying Gen. Zia crashed near Bahawalpur? 17th August 1988
Who became President of Pakistan after Gen. Zia? Mr. Ghulam Ishaque Khan
When the Elections to the National and Provincial Assemblies were held in 1988? November 1988
When Benazir Government was dismissed by G.I. Khan on various charges? 6th August 1990
When Pakistan Bait-ul-Mal was established? 1992
When Mrs. Benazir Bhutto became Prime Minister for second term? October 1993
What was the duration of second term of Benazir Government? 1993-1996
During Nawaz Sharif’s second tenure when Pakistan became Nuclear Power? 28th May 1998
What do we call the day when Pakistan became Nuclear Power? Yoam-e-Takbeer
Which post Gen. Musharraf secured after taking over? Chief Executive
Which of following event took place between India and Pakistan in Musharraf’s era? Agra Summit
When Gen. Musharraf held referendum? April 30, 2002
When first General Elections were held by Gen. Musharraf? October 10, 2002
Who became Prime Minister of Pakistan after 2002 Elections? Mr. Mir Zafarullah Jamali
When Gen. Musharraf left his office as Army Chief? 20th November 2007
When Gen. Musharraf resigned from President ship? 18th August 2008
when Mrs. Benazir Bhutto was assassinated? 27th December 2007
when Gen. Musharraf held second General Elections in Pakistan? 18th February 2008
………………
Durand Line:-
it is Line between Pakistan and Afghanistan it was drawn/demacrated by by sir Mortimer Durand in 1886.

2. Hindenburg Line:-

Boundry dividing Germany and Poland Germand retreated to this line in 1917 during first world war.

3.Maginot Line:-

Fortification built by France along its border with Germany Before world War II . to Protect against German attack.

4.Mannerheim Line:-
Line of fortification on the Russia-Finland border drawn up by General Mannerheim.

5. McMahon Line:-
Drawn by sir Mcmahon . It is the line demacrated b/w india and China. China did not recognise this line and voilated in 1962.

6. Order-Neisse Line

Border B/w poland and Germany running along oder Neise rivers Adopted at the Poland Conference after World War II.

7.REDCLIFF LINE

Drawn by Cyrill Radcliffe this lines demacrates the boundry b/w India and Pakistan.

8.SEIGFRIED LINE

Line of fortification drawn up bY German on its border with France.

9.17TH PARALLEL:-

it is boundry b/w south and North Vietnam before they were united.

10. 24TH PARALLEL:-
Line which pakistan claims for demacration between india this is however not recognised by India.

11.38TH PARALLEL:-
Parallel of latitude which seprates North and South Korea.

12.49TH PARALLEL:-:
Boundry between United States of America and Canada.
………………………..
1. A.D.B.P:-Asian Development Bank of Pakistan.
2.A.D.P:- ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME.
3.A.E.A= ATOMIC ENERGY AUTHORTIY.
4.A.E.C= Atomic energy commission.
5.A.E.U.C:- Arab Economic Unity Council;-
6.A.F.P:- Agence France Press.
7.A.G.P.R:- Accountant-General of Pakistan Revenue.
8.A.I.D.S:- Acquired Immune Defeciancy syndrome.
9.A.I.R.D:- asian Institue of Rural Development.
10.A.J.K:- Azad Jhamuu Kashmir.

11.A.L:- Arab League.
12. A.L.E.S.C.O:- Arab League Educational scientific and cultural Orginisation.

13. A.M.C= Army Medical Corps.

14.A.M.U= Asian Monetry Unit.

15. A.N.N:- Asian News Network.

16.A.N.P= Awami National Party.

17. A.N.F= Anti Narcotics Force.

18.A.P= Associated Press.

19. A.P.C= All parties conference.

20. A.P.E.C= Asia Pacific Economic cooperation.

21. A.P.N.E.C= All Pakistan Newspaper Employees Confederation.

22. A.P.N.S= All pakistan Newspaper society.

23. A.P.P= Associate Press of Pakistan.

24. A.P.T.E.C= All pakistan Technology engineering Council.

25. A.P.T.M.A= All pakistan Textile Mills Association.

26. A.P.W.A= All Pakistan Women Association.

27. A.R.E.C= Applied Research Economic Centre.

28.A.S.E.A.N= Associaion of south east Asian Nations.

29. A.S.F= Airport Security Force.

30. A.S.I =[B Assistant Sub- Inspector.

31. A.S.P.A.C= Asian and Pacific Council.

32. A.S.W= Anti-submarine Warfare.

33. A.T.B.A= All-Pakistan Tax Bar Association.

34. A.V.S.C= Army Veterinary Service Corps.

35. A.W.A.C.S= Airborne Warning and Control System.

36. A.W.O.L= Absent wihout Leave.
……………………
April 6 has just been designated as International day of sport for Development and Peace by UN
…………..
1. Which metal is heavier,?
Silver or gold (gold)
2. How many legs do butterflies have?
Six
3. 1988 noble peace prize has been awarded to?
United Nation
4 the first prime minister of Bangladesh was?
MujiburRehman
5. The longest river in the world is ?
Nile
6.the length of English canal is?
564km
7.the biggest island of the world is?
Greenland
8. the Japanese call their country ?
Nippon
9. the world oldest known city is ?
Damascus
10. world environment day observed on?
5thjune
11. the national flower of Britain is ?
Rose
12. Adolf Hitler was born in?
Austria
13. the largest peninsula in the world is?
Arabia
14. the white house was painted white to?
Hide fire damage
15.the lightest known metal is?
lithium
2. …………..
3. Pakistan became member of UNO on 27th Sep 1947 not on 30th AUG1947.

plz make correction.
it is requested that post MCQs and other important information which authentic and genuine as it will create embarrassment and confusion for the candidates.’’
4. …………..
5. Common Wealth of Nations:
Establishment:
Statute of Westminster 1931
London Declaration (April 1949)
HQ: Marlborough House (London - UK)
Head: Queen Elizbeth II (Since 1952)
Secretary General: Kamalesh Sharma (India), since 2008. 2012 – Second term.
Chairperson in office: Julia Gillard (PM of Australia)
Members: 54 Independent States.
Common wealth games: 2010 (New Delhi), 2014 (Glasgow-Scotland)

Developing 8: D8
Establishment: Founded by Necmettin Erbakan, former Turkish Prime Minister (June 1997)
Members: (8) Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Turkey.
Last Summit: 21 November 2012.
Expert Meeting on Joint Investment Fund: 21-22 January 2013, Tehran.
Water Cooperation meeting: 21-23 February 2013, Istanbul.

BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China & South Africa):
South Africa included in 2010
Last 4th Summit: March 2012, India, New delhi
Next 5th summit: March 2013, South Africa, Durban

Common Wealth of Independent States (CIS)
Established: December 1991
Membership: 9 (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Russia, Uzbekistan) 2 Unofficial Member (Ukraine and Turkmenistan)
Administrative Centre: Minsk
Executive Secretary: Sergei Lebedev
Presidency: Belarus

Group of Eight G8:
Establishment: 1975
Members: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, UK, USA and also EU.
Last Summit (38th): May 2012, Camp David, USA
Next Summit (39th): June 2013, UK (Lough Erne, County Fermanagh)

G20:
Establishment: 1999
Chair: Russia
Last Summit (7th): Mexico – June 2012
Next Summit (8th): September 2013 in Russia.

African Union
Member States: 54 (only state that is excluded is morocco)
Establishment: 26th May 2001 in Addis Ababa: launched July 2002 in RSA
HQ: Addis Ababa and Midrand
Chairperson: Yayi Boni (President of Benin)
Commission chairperson: Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma
Pan African Parliament: March 2004.

International Monetary Fund
Headquarters: Washington, D.C. (U S)
Managing director: Christine Lagarde
Official languages: English, French, and Spanish
Formation:
Charter Adopted: July 22, 1944
Entered into force: December 27, 1945.
Membership: 188 Nations
Dominique Strauss Kahn (France) Former director who resigned after rape charges

World Bank
Headquarters: Washington, D.C. (U S)
President: Jim Yong Kim
Founded in: 1944
Membership: 188 countries (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development)
172 countries (International Development Association)

World Trade Organization
Formation: January 1, 1995 (Marrakech Declaration)
successor organization General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), commenced in 1948
Headquarters: Centre William Rappard, Geneva, Switzerland
Membership: 157 member states (China enter in Dec 2001)
Official languages: English, French, Spanish
Director-General: Pascal Lamy

International Atomic Energy Agency
Establishment: 29 July 1957
Secretary-General: Yukiya Amano (Japan)
Headquarters: Vienna, Austria
Membership: 151 member states
Signature and ratification of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (1968) are not preconditions for membership in the IAEA.

Asian Development Bank:
Establishment: 22 August 1966
Members: 67 Countries
Secretariat: Mandaluyong City, Metro Manila, Philippines
President: Haruhiko Kuroda


United Nations:
Establishment: 24 October 1945.
Main organs:
6 main organs (General Assembly, UNSC, Secretariat, UN economic and social council & UN trusteeship council)
General Assembly: President: John William Ashe (68). Zafarullah Khan became president in 1962.
United Nation Security Council: 5+10 members (China, USA, UK, France & Russia + Argentina, Australia, Azerbaijan, Rwanda, Luxemburg, South Korea, Guatemala, Morocco, Pakistan, Togo)
ICJ: Hague (15 judges elect on basis of 9 yrs) President: Peter Tomka (Slovakia)
ECOSOC (Economic and social Council): 54 members, President: Miloš Koterec (Slovakia)
UN trusteeship Council: Inactive from 1994
Secretary General (8th): Ban Ki-moon (South Korea) since January 2007.
Deputy Secretary General: Jan Eliasson (Sweden)
Security Council President: Masood Khan (Permanent representative of Pakistan in UN)
Member states: 193
Official Languages: 6 (English, Arabic, Chinese, French, Russian, Spanish)
HQ: NY, USA
6. ………….
7. 1. In 1960 capital shifted from karach to Islamabad
2. 11th may is birthday of Budha
3. India tested ist neuclear device in may 11 1974
4. W.H.O was the first organization who had given membership to Pakistan
5. Tiwan is only country who has not membership of U.N.O
6. China shares his border with 14 countries
7. International cort of Justice is situated in Netherland
8. Kazakhstan is the biggest Muslim country
9. Indoneshia is the biggest Muslim country with refernce of population
10. Denmark shares his teratory in with two continents
11. 52% men and 42% women are living in pakistan
12. In 1948 pakistan participated first time in Olympics
13. The largest river of France is Lore
14. W.H.O is located at Geneva
15. W.M.O is located at Geneva
16. In april 1969 Yahya regime announced Labour reforms
17. Largest Museum of Pakistan is national museum Karachi
18. The first postal stamp of Pakistan issued on 9th July, 1948
19. Ppp was founded by Z.A bhutto on 30th nov ,1967
20. The coldest place of Pakistan is Sakardu
8. ………..
Old Name New Name

Pipri - Bin Qasim.
Lyallapur - Faisalabad.
Abyssinia - Ethiopia.
Burma - Myanmar.
Ceylon- Srilanka.
Duch-East-Indies - Indonesia.
French Sudan - Mali.
Helvetia - Switzerland.
Mogyarzaq - Hungry.
Mesopotamia - Iraq (The name of Mesopotamia was changes to Iraq in the year 1935)
Najd and Hejaz - Saudi Arabia.
South Rhodesia - Zimbabwe.
South West Africa - Namibia.
Constantinople - Istanbul.
Christiana - Oslo.
Formosa - Taiwan.
Leningard - St. Petersburg.
Montgomery- Sahiwal.
Burma - Myanmar.
Peiking- Beijing.
Persia - Iran.
Rhodesia - Zimbabwe.
Salisbury - Harare.
Tripoli - Libya.
Madras - Chennai.
Temasek - Singapore.
Stalinabad - Dushanbe.
Ray- Isfahan
Sankiang - Xinjiang
9. …………
• Saabi is one who changes his religion.
• Sidrat-ul-Mantaha means last tree of the Eternity.
• Jaabi is one who collects Zakat.
• First collection of Ahadith is Sahifah-e-Saadiqa.
• Saying of Prophet are called Wahi Ghair Matlloo.
• In iman-e-Mufassal essential beliefs are 7 in number.
• The most exalted angels are four.
• Greatest angel as per Islam is Jibra’eel.
• Each human being is attended permanently by two angels.
• Barzakh: time period between death and Day of Judgment.
• In 622 A.D Holy Prophet migrated to madina.
• Hazrat Adam met with Holy Prophet on the first heaven.
• Hazrat Isa and Hazrat Yahya on 2nd.
• Hazrat Yaqub on 3rd.
• Hazrat Idrees on 4th.
• Hazrat Harron on 5th.
• Hazrat Musa on 6th.
• Hazrat Ibraheem on 7th.
• Mosque of Zarar was demolished by prophet.
• Ume Salma was present at the time of the battle of Khyber.
• Hazrat Ali Conquered the fort of Qamus.
• Lady named Zainab tried to poison the Holy Prophet.
• Prophet recited surah Al-Fatha at the conquest of Makkah .
• Hashim was grand father of prophet & brother of Muttalib.

1. Operation curiosity is a robotic mission for planet Mars (NASA) arrived in Mars at August 6, 2012.
2. Qazi Hussain Ahmed died on 6th January, 2013.
3. Professor Ghafoor died on 26 December 2012.
4. US Ambassador to Pakistan – Richard Olson.
5. Attorney General Pakistan – Munit A. Malik
6. US ambassador to Afghanistan – James Cunningham
7. The humanitarian organization built by Bill Gates is Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (formed in 1994).
8. Pakistan’s Goodwill ambassador to eradicate polio Ms. Asifa Benazir Bhutto.
9. President Islamic Development Bank - Dr. Muhammad Ali Al- Madani.
10. Qim Gang – China Foreign spokes person
11. EU won 2012 Nobel peace prize.
12. Pakistan & India has become non permanent member of Security Council for 7 times.
13. Pakistan and India represent Asia-Pacific Group 4 times together.
14. U.N. approves Palestinian 'observer state' bid on November 30, 2012

MCQs
1. The University of Al-Karaouine is the oldest university of the world located in
(a) Iran (b)*Morocco
(c) Egypt (d) France

2. Which is the current capital city of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar?
(a) Colombo (b)* Naypyitaw
(c)Thampo (d) Rangoon

3. Which is the biggest district of Pakistan?
(a) Bahawalpur (b)* Chaghi
(c) Karachi (d) Khuzdar

4. Name the first elected President of Pakistan
(a)* General Ayub khan
(b) Iskandar Mirza
(c) Muhammad Ali Bogra
(d) Quaid-e-Azam

5.The headquarters of International Olympic Committee is located at:
(a)* Lausanne (Switzerland)
(b) Moscow (Russia)
(c) Los Angeles (USA)
(d) New York (USA)

6. Name the only Secretary General of UNO who resigned from his post?
(a) Mrs Vijay Lakshmi Pandit
(b)*Trygve Lie
(c) Kofi Annan
(d) U. Thant

7. Which Pakistani prime minister visited china first?
(a) Liaqat Ali Khan
(b)* Hussain Shaheed Suharwardi
(c) Khawaja Nazimuddin
(d) Muhammad Ali Bogra

8. Which gas is used in decoration lighting?
(a) Oxigen (b) Hydrogen
(c) Nitrogen (d)* Neon

9. 'Ottawa convention 1997' is related to
(a)* Environment protection
(b) Preserving wild life
(c) Banning landmines
(d) Banning chemical weapons

10. The Leaning Tower (Pisa Tower) is located in
(a) Germany (b)* Rome (Italy)
(c) London (UK) (d) Paris (France)

11. Where the first modern Olympic Games were held in 1896?
(a)* Athens (b) Rome
(c) Paris (d) Italy

12. Who is the founder of Wikileaks?
(a) Jimmy Wales
(b) Rown Descartes
(c) Charles Bobbage
(d)* Julian Assange (Australian)

13. Art and science of growing flowers, fruit and vegetables is called:
(a) Green Culture (b) Agriculture
(c)* Horticulture (d) Landscaping

14. Richard Nixon was only President of USA who resigned from his post. When did he resign?
(a) 9 August, 1972
(b) 9 August, 1973
(c) 9 August, 1975
(d)* 9 August, 1974

15. Name the palace that is the official residence of the president of France?
(a)* Elysee Palace (b) White House
(c) French Palace (d) Paris Hall

16. Who built the “Rohtas Fort” near the Jhelum?
(a) Akbar (b)* Sher Shah Suri
(c) Humayun (d) Shah Jehan

17. “Temple Tree” is the official residence of
(a) President of Sri Lanka
(b)* Sri Lankan Prime Minister's House
(c) President of Belgium
(d) British Prime Minister

18. Napoleon is known as “Man of Destiny” and “Little Corporal”. Who is called the Man of “Iron and Blood”?
(a)* Prince Bismarck
(b) US President Ford
(c) Lemin
(d) Karl Mark

19. Next Football World Cup will be played in 2014 in:
(a) Korea (b) Japan
(c)* Brazil (d) South Africa

20. Next Cricket World Cup will be played in:
(a) Australia (b) New Zealand
(c) Bangladesh (d)* Both a & b

21. Whose creation is the famous painting “Mona Liza”?
(a) Romalo (b) Picasso
(c)* Leonardo da vinici
(d) Richard Leonardo

22. In which year the Noble Prize was first awarded?
(a) 1905 (b) 1903
(c)* 1901 (d) 1902

23.What did Sir Isaac Pitman invent?
(a) The typewriter
(b) The propelling pencil
(c)* A form of shorthand
(d) Motor Cycle

24. Tsunami' means 'Harbour Waves', the word is derived from:-
(a) French (b) German
(c)* Japanese (d) Spanish

25.Who wrote the poem “Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star”?
(a)* Ann and Tane Taylor
(b) Emily Dickinson
(c) Janne Joylor
(d) Ann Taylor

26. Tokyo had another old name. What was it?
(a) Sumo (b) Kyodo
(c) Yoko (d)* Edo

27.Which country's flag is known as Union Jack?
(a) France (b) Romania
(c)* UK (d) Poland

28. Which wood is used for making cricket bats?
(a)* Willow (b) Oak
(c) Peak trees (d) date palm

29. The world's famous bridge “Golden Gate” is located in:-
(a) New York (b) Mexico
(c)* San Francisco (d) London

30.“Diego Garcia” is a
(a) Airlines of Singapore
(b) French Surface to Surface Missile
(c)* United States military base in the Indian Ocean
(d) Disputed island between Japan and Russia in the Pacific Ocean

31.The term '16 yards hit' is associated with
(a) Badminton (b) Baseball
(c) Polo (d)* Hockey

32.Which of the following animals can hear ultrasonic sound?
(a) Cat (b) Rat
(c)* Bat (d) Squirrel

33. Who is the founder of Wikipedia?
(a)* Jimmy Wales
(b) Rowne Descartes
(c) Bill Gates
(d) None of the above

34. A mobile phone sends and receives messages through
(a) Sound waves (b) Micro waves
(c) U/V waves (d)* Radio waves

35. Muslim Students Federation (MSF) was established in 1937 by
(a) Abdur Rab Nishtar
(b)* Raja Sahib of Mehmud Abad
(c) Raja Gazanfir Ali
(d) Sir Agha Khan

36. Name the person who presented 'Chenab Formula' to resolve the Kashmir dispute
(a)* Sardar Abdul Qayyum Khan
(b) Ali Shah Gilani
(c) Barrister Sultan Mahmood
(d) None of the above

37. Who introduced the principle of the Doctrine of Lapse?
(a) Clive (b) Cornwallis
(c) Hastings (d)* Dalhousie

38. Dome of Rock is located in
(a)* Jerusalem (b) Lebanon
(c) Jordan (d) Iraq

39. SIM stands for:
(a) Single in-line Module
(b) Single in-line Memory
(c)* Subscriber identity Module
(d) Subscriber identity Memory

40. Which gas is used in electric bulb?
(a)* Nitrogen (b) Hydrogen
(c) Carbon dioxide (d) Cholorine

41. The wonder of the world 'Taj Mahal' (Agra) is situated in the Indian state:
(a)* Uttar Pradesh
(b) Himachal Pradesh
(c) Madhya Pradesh
(d) None of them

42. Greenwich Mean Time was established in
(a) 1864 (b) 1880
(c)* 1884 (d) 1892

43.The number of amendments in Pakistan's constitution are:
(a) 13 (b) 14
(c) 17 (d)* 19

44. The Magna Carta was signed by King John on
(a)* 15th June 1215
(b) 15th August 1225
(c) 15th June 1235
(d) None of above

45. The Bolshevik Revolution is associated with
(a) France (b) Germany
(c)* Russia (d) England

46. Name the country through which equator passes:
(a)* Indonesia (b) China
(c) Malta (d) Pakistan

47. Who first pioneered the idea of a blood bank?
(a) Booker T, Washington
(b) George Washington Carver
(c) Jonas Salk
(d)* Charles Drew

48. Which of the following countries became the last member of UNO?
(a) Kosovo (b) East Timor
(c) Montenegro (d)* South Sudan

49. “Decision Point” Book is written by
(a) Barack Obama
(b)* George W Bush
(c) Asif Ali Zardari
(d) Al Gore

50. Which of the following is the oldest Parliament of world?
(a) National congress
(b) National Assembly
(c) Bondesrat
(d)* Althing

51. Which of the following vitamin is produced in human body with the help of sunlight?
(a)* D (b) E
(c) K (d) C

52. After independence the first radio station was established at
(a) Lahore (b) Rawalpindi
(c)* Karachi (d) Islamabad

53. Abdus Salam was a Pakistani Physicist and Nobel Prize Winner in 1979 in physics. What is his contribution to Physics?
(a) Discovery of atomic particles
(b)* Interaction of Elementary Particles and weak forces
(c) Discovery of Submaline process
(d) None of these

54. Where Das Man Palace is located?
(a) Saudi Arabia (b) Indonesia
(c)* Kuwait (d) Sri Kanka

55. Martin Cooper is known for his invention of
(a) Digital Camera
(b) Solar Energy
(c) X-Ray (d)* Mobile Phone

56. Garuda airline is the name of airline of
(a) Malaysia (b)* Indonesia
(c) America (d) Spain

57. The foundation stone of the sikhism's holiest place “Golden Temple” at Amritsar was laid by
(a) Guru Nanak
(b) Khawja Ghareb Nawaz
(c) Acharya Rakeshprasad
(d)* Hazrat Mian Mir

58. Which bank provided 80 million loans for making 1st budget of Pakistan?
(a) UBL (b) NB
(c) MCB (d)* Habib Bank

59. When Pakistan introduced National Identity cards (NIC)?
(a) 1971 (b) 1972
(c) 1973 (d)* 1974

60. Where is the headquarters of the Amnesty International?
(a) New York (b)* London
(c) Paris (d) Geneva

61. The 2012 Olympic Games are scheduled to be held at
(a)* London (b) Seoul
(c) Sydney (d) Tokyo

62. Sher Shah's real name was:
(a) Hemu (b) Faizi
(c) Bahadur (d)* Farid Khan

63. Nightingale Florence (belongs to France) was a
(a) Soldier
(b)* Nurse
(d) Religious reformer
(d) None of these

64.When did Pakistan win gold medal for the first time in Olympics?
(a)* 1960 (b) 1961
(c) 1962 (c) 1963

65.Which country has received maximum Nobel prizes after its institution?
(a) Germany (b) France
(c)* USA (d) U.K.

66. Which Sea has no coastline?
(a) Japan Sea
(b)* Sargasso Sea
(c) Tasmanian Sea
(d) White Sea

67. Agoraphobia is a fear of a
(a) Wealth (b)* Open places
(c) Water (d) None of these

68. 'Latakia' is the seaport of
(a)* Syria (b) Libya
(c) Jordan (d) Iraq

69. The Sultan of Delhi who is reputed to have built the biggest network of canals in India was:
(a) Iltutmish
(b) Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
(c)* Firoz Shah Tughlaq
(d) None of these

70. The Declaration of Independence of the American Colonies was adopted by the Constitutional Congress on July 4, 1776 at:
(a) Washington (b) New York
(c) Chicago (d)* Philadelphia

71. Name the first woman speaker of US Congress is
(a)* Nancy Palosy
(b) Condaliza Rice
(c) Nancy Pawell
(d) Hillery Clinton

72. Mahan Airline belongs to which country?
(a)* Iran
(b) South Africa
(c) India
(d) Nepal

73. Helvetia is the old name of:
(a)* Switzerland (b) Spain
(c) France (d) Thailand

74. Paris is the capital of France situated on the bank of
(a)* Seine (b) Po
(c) Thane (d) Spree

75. The historic site “Mehrgarh” was discovered on the right bank of the
(a) Indus river (b) Kabul river
(c)* Bolan river (d) Hub river

76. Babar came to India originally from
(a)* Ferghana (b) Khiva
(c) Khorasan (d) Seistan

77. Which of the following pass connects Abbotabad and Gilgit?
(a)* Babusar Pass (b) Tochi Pass
(c) Bolan Pass (d) Dargai Pass

78. Which country is called “Thunderbolt of Asia”?
(a)* Bhutan
(b) Mongolia
(c) China
(d) None of these

79. When Red Cross was established by Jean Henri Durant?
(a) 1860 (b) 1861
(c)* 1864 (d) 1867

80. The celebrated novel 'The Godfather' was authored by
(a) John Milton (b) Victor Hugo
(c)* Mario Puzo (d) Harold

81. Which of the following straits separate Malaysia from Singapore?
(a) Dover Strait (b)* Johor Strait
(c) Sunda Strait (d) Palk Strait

82. World Press Freedom day is observed on
(a)* 3rd May (b) 13th May
(c) 15th May (d) 18th May

83. Flag of Red Cross is the reverse of the flag of
(a) Germany (b*) Switzerland
(c) England (d) Sweden

84. Anjuman-i-Hamayat-Islam was established in subcontinent in
(a)* 1884 (b) 1877
(c) 1878 (d) 1892

85.Which American industrialist was praised by Adlof Hitler in his autobiography, Mein Kampf. In fact, he was the only American to be praised by Hitler
(a)* Henry Ford
(b) Gerald Ford
(c) Thomas Alva Edison
(d) Henry Ford II

86. NASA stands for ________.
(a)* National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(b) Natural Aeronautics and Space Administration
(c) Natural Administration and Space Administration
(d) Natural Administration and Space Agency

87. When was the Pakistan's first Constituent Assembly constituted?
(a)* July 20, 1947
(b) June 20, 1947
(c) August 20, 1947
(d) August 25, 1947

88. Where was Albert Einstein born?
(a) UK (b) USA
(c)* Germany (d) Albania

89. Saddat Dynasty was founded by Khizar Khan in
(a)* 1414 (b) 1412
(c) 1415 (d) 1634

90. What is the height of Mount Everest according to new survey?
(a)* 29035 Feet (8850 m)
(b) 29050 Feet (8855 m)
(c) 29028 Feet (8848 m)
(d) 29044 Feet (8853 m)

91. Which of the continents has the lowest population growth rate?
(a)* Europe (b) North America
(c) Africa (d) Asia

92. Which countries are included in “Benelux”?
(a) Belgium, Netherlands, Norway
(b) Sweden, Belgium, Netherlands
(c)* Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg
(d) None of these

93. Which of following mountains separate Asia from Europe?
(a)* Ural Mountains
(b) Hindukush Mountains
(c) Alps Mountains
(d) Atlas Mountains

94. The energy generation in stars is due to
(a) Fission of heavy nuclei
(b)* Fusion of light nuclei
(c) Fusion of heavy nuclei
(d) None of these

95. Baglihar Dam is located in Doda district on river:
(a) Indus River (b) Jhelum River
(c)* Chenab River (d) Ravi River

96. Who advocated the theory of laissez faire?
(a) Marshall (b) Malthus
(c)* Adam Smith (d) None of these

97. The first airline of Pakistan is:
(a) Pak Airways
(b)* Orient Airline
(c) PIA
(d) Blue Airline

98. Senate of Pakistan is consisting of members after the 18th amendment:
(a) 100 (b) 122
(c)* 104 (d) 112

99. What is the portfolio of Syeda Hussain Warsi in UK Cabinet?
(a) Minister of industry
(b)* Minister without Portfolio
(c) Minister of Education
(d) Minister of Health

100. My Life's Journey book is written by
(a) Mehmood Qasori
(b)* Altaf Hussain
(c) Dr. Muhammad Ahmad
(d) Asif Zardari

__________________
-Verily, His command, when He intends a thing, is only that He says "Be!" - and it is! (Al-Quran)

Information about sindh.
Area of sindh = 140,914 K.M
Capital= Karachi.
3.Other Big Cities= Hyderabad , Sukkur,Larkana, Nawabshah
4.Principal Languages = Sindhi, Urdu, Pashtu, Seraiki, Punjabi
5.Religons = Islam, Hindu , Parsi, Christian, Buddhist
6.Agriculure = Rice, Wheat, Cotton, Sugarcane.
7.Natural resources= Oil, Gas, Coal,
8.Rivers= Hub River, Baran River, Malir Nadi, Liari Nadi .
9.Industry = Cotton, Woolen, Silk, Synthetic Textile, Sugar, vegetable and oil, Cement, Chemical Fertilizer, Heavy engineering, Shipping , cigrattes, Carpets, Chemical and Pharmaceuticals, Electrical goods and Oil refineries etc.
Airports:-Karachi, Hyderabad, sehawan , Nawabshah, Sindhri, Jacoabad, Moen-jo-Daro, Sukkur.

Adminstrative divisions of sindhi
There are five 05 Divisions and 27 Districts and each district is divided into tehsil these division are for adminstrative purpose only.Following are Districts of sindh

1.Karachi Division(5 districts)
1. Karachi (east), Karachi(west), Karachi(south) , Karachi(Central),Malir

Sukkur (5 Districts)
Sukkur,Khairpur,Nawabshah,Ghotki,Nousheroferoz,

3.Hyderabad. (8 Districts)
Hyderabad,Dadu, Thattha, Badin, Jamshoro, Matiari,Tando Allhayar, Tando Muhammad Khan.

4.Larkana (5 Districts)
Larkana, Shikarpur, Jacoabad, Kashmore, Kambar-Shahdadkot

5. Mirpur Khas
Mirpur Khas, Thar, Sanghar, Umerkot.



Old Name New Name
Pipri - Bin Qasim.
Lyallapur - Faisalabad.
Abyssinia - Ethiopia.
Burma - Myanmar.
Ceylon- Srilanka.
Duch-East-Indies - Indonesia.
French Sudan - Mali.
Helvetia - Switzerland.
Mogyarzaq - Hungry.
Mesopotamia - Iraq (The name of Mesopotamia was changes to Iraq in the year 1935)
Najd and Hejaz - Saudi Arabia.
South Rhodesia - Zimbabwe.
South West Africa - Namibia.
Constantinople - Istanbul.
Christiana - Oslo.
Formosa - Taiwan.
Leningard - St. Petersburg.
Montgomery- Sahiwal.
Burma - Myanmar.
Peiking- Beijing.
Persia - Iran.
Rhodesia - Zimbabwe.
Salisbury - Harare.
Tripoli - Libya.
Madras - Chennai.
Temasek - Singapore.
Stalinabad - Dushanbe.
Ray- Isfahan
Sankiang - Xinjiang

__________________
-Verily, His command, when He intends a thing, is only that He says "Be!" - and it is! (Al-Quran)

(Omayad Period). He came to Sindh with 12 thousand men.
• Mohd: bin Qasim conquered Sindh during Ummayads.
• Siskar was Waziir of Dahir.
• Mohd: bin Qasim tortured to death in Iraq by Sulaiman.
• The Abbasid governor Hisham came to Sindh in 757 A.D.
• Shabudding Ghori was the founder of Islamic State in India.
• Qutubudin Aibk was the founder of slave dynasty after Ghoris.
• Shuddi and Sangathan movement was started at the end of Tahreek Khilafat.
• Sangathan movement was started by Pandit Malavia.
• Treaty of Lausanne was signed in 1923.
• Mustafa Kamal: first president of Turkey on 23rd Oct: 1923.
• Atta Turk means the father of Turks.
• Khilafat was abolished in 1924.
• Last caliph of Turkish State was Abdul Majeed Afandi.
• Hijrat Movement took place in 1924
• Reshimi Roomal movement of 1915 started by Maulana Mehmood-ul-Hassan.
• Lord Rippon is associated with the Hunter Commission.
• Lord Dalhousie is associated with Wood‘s Dispatch.
• Lord Cornwalls is associated with permanent settlement of Bengal.
• Delhi proposals presented by Quaid-e-Azam in March 1927.
• Nehru Report was produced by Motilal Nehru in 1928.
• Shoaib Qureshi was one muslim member who took part in writing the Nehru Report.
• Fourteen-Points-of-MA Jinnah came in March 1929 from Delhi.
• Simon-Commission-1927 visited India in 1928 and consisted of 7 members.
• British cabinet minister Cripps came to India in March 1942.
• Civil Disobedience Movement started by Gandhi on 12th March, 1930.
• Simon Commission submitted its report in 1930.

Islamiat-General Knowledge

Islam definaion

The word Islam is derived from the Arabic Word "salam" is to obedience or the peace it is named Islam because it commands obedience and submission to the will of Allah.

[U]Important Articles of Islam[/U

There are five fundamentals of Islam namely:-
1. TOuheed (believe in Oneness of Allah)
2.Salat (Namaz)
3.Zakat
4.fasting/Saum (Roza)
5.Hajj.

Kalimas
There are six Kalimas
1.Kalima Tayab
2.Kalma Shahdat
3.Kalma Tamjeed
4.Kalma Tauheed
5.Kalma Istighfar
6.Kalma Rad-e-Kufr

Rakats in Namaz

1. Fajr ( 4 Rakats) 2 Sunnat+ 2 Farz = total =4
2.Zuhr= 4 SUNNAT+4 FARZ+2SUNNAT+ 2 NAFL = 12 RAKATS
3..ASR= 4 SUNNAT + 4 FARZ = 8 RAKATS
4.MAGHRIB= 3 FARZ + 2 SUNNAT+ 2 NAFAL
5.ISHA= 4 SUNNAT+ 4 FARZ+ 2 SUNNAT+ 2NAFL+ 3 WITR + 2 FARZ = 17

SOURCES OF ISLAMIC LAWS

1. QURAN
2.HADITH
3.IJMA
3.IJTEHAD
4.QIYAS

INFORMATION ABOUT QURAN
1. No of surahas in Quran 114 surahas

2.NO of Paras in Holy Quran = 30 Paras

3.No of Ayats= 6666

4.First Surah of Quran = Surah-e-Fatiha

5.Last Surah of Quran= Surah-e-Nas

6.Longest Surah of Quran= Surah-e- Bakar

7.Shortest Surah of Quran= Surah-e- Kausar

8.First Reavled surah = Surah Al- ALaq

9.years to COmplete Quran= Approximately 23 years

10.Rukoos= 558 Rukoos

11. Number of Makis Suraha= 87 surahs

12.Number of Madni Surhas= 27

13. subject of Holy Quran= Human Being is the subject of HOly Quran
Largest in Pakistan

Airline= Pakistan International Airlines

2.Airport:- Quaid-e-Azam Internationl Airport Karachi

3.Tallest buiding= MCB tower II chundrigar Road Karachi

4.Barrage= Sukkur Barrage

5.City= Karachi

6.Largest Canal= Lloyd Barrage Canal

7.Dam= Tarbela Dam

8.Desert= Thar Desert

9. Largest District= Khuzdar Balouchistan

10.Largest Division(Adminstrative) Kalat Division

11.Fort= Rani Kot SIndh

12.Hospital= Nishtar Hospital Multan

13.Industerial Unit= Pakistan Steel Mills

14.Island= Manora

15.Jungle= Changa Manga (Kasur)

16.Lake(Artificial) = Keenjhar Lake (SIndh)

17. Lake( Natural) = Manchar Lake (sindh)

18.Library= The Punjab Public Library Lahore

19.Largest Mausoleum= Quaid-e-Azam Mausolem Karachi

20. Largest Mine = Khewra Mines (salt Mines) Punjab

21. Monument= Minar-e-Pakistan

22.Mosque= Faisal Masjid

23.Motorway= Lahore-Islamabad Motorway

24.Largest Urdu Published Newspaper= Jang

25.Largest English Published Newspaper= The News.

26.Nuclear Reactor= Karachi Nuclear power Plant

27. Largest Park= Ayoub National Park Rawalpindi

28.Largest Province by Area= Balouchistan

29. Largest Province by Population= Punjab

30. Largest Railway station= Lahore Railway station.

31.Largest Radio station= Islamabd

32.Railway workshop= Mughalpura Railway Workshop Lahore

33.River= Indus River

34.Shipping Compony= Pakistan National Shipping Corporation

35.Stadium(Atheletics) =Islamabad

36.Stadium(Cricket) National Stadium Karachi

37.Stadium(Hockey) = National Stadium Lahore

38.Largest Tv booster= Tandiani( Islamabad)

Largest University= Punjab University
Millitary awards of diffrent countries

[B] FRANCE= Croix De Guerre

2.Germany= Knights cross of the iron cross

3. India= Param vir Chakra

4. Japan= Order of the Rising Sun

5. Pakistan= Nishan-e-Haider

6.United Kingdom= Victoria Cross

7. United states== Medel OF honour.
Important places of the world

1. ABUL SIMBAL= It is a Temple in Egypt.

2. AKAL-TAkKHT= It is a place in the Golden Temple of Amritsar

3. AL-AQSA MOSQUE= This masque in jerusalem.Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) stayed here during his miraj Journey.

4. BASTILLE= Sastille was a jail in Paris which was destroyed on 14h July 1789 during the French Revolution.

5. CAMP DAVID= It is a place located in USA where Egypt and Israel signed the Camp Accord.

6. DARDANELLES= It is a strait between Europe and Turkey in Black Sea.

7. Greenwhich= It is a town near London through which passes the Meriderian

8. HoLLYWOOD= Hollywood is a famous film Industry centre of USA

9. HONOLULU= It is the capital and an important sea port Hawaii Islands

10. PENTAGON= It is the headquarters of US army which is located in Washington (DC) USA.


• Persons included in Bait-e-Uqba Oola 12 and in Bait-e-Uqba Sani 75.
• Cave of Hira is 3 miles from Makkah.
• Hijra took place in 13th Nabvi.
• Second convent of Al-Aqba arrived at Makkah in 12th Nabvi.
• Medina is 448 Km from Makkah. (250 miles)
• Makkah conquest occurred in 8th year of Hijra.
• Prophet performed Hajj in 10th Hija.
• Prophet was buried in the hujra of Ayesha.
• Prophet was born in 1st Year of Elephant.
• Ambassadors sent to Arab& other countries in 7th Hijra.
• King of Iran tore away the message of Prophet.
• King of Byzantine in 7th Hijra was Hercules.
• After 6 years of the birth of Holy prophet Bibi Aamna died.
• After 8 years of the birth of Prophet Abdul Muttalib died.
• 632 A.D Charter of Madina.
The Jurisprudents
1. Imam Abu Hanifa (Persian)
Name: Noman ibn Sabit Zuta ibn Marzuban
Born: Kufa, 699
Died: Baghdad, 767
Works: Kitabul Asar, Figh al-Akbar

2. Imam Malik (Arab)
Name: Malik ibn Anas
Born: Medina, 711
Died: Medina, 795
Works: Al-Muwatta (the Approved)a

3. Imam Shafi’I (Arab)
Name: Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Idrees
Born: Gaza, 767
Died: Fustat, 820
Works: Al-Risala, Kitabul Umm

4. Imam Hanbal (Arab)
Name: Abu Abdullah Ahmed ibn Muhammad al-Shaibani
Born: Baghdad, 780
Died: Baghdad, 855
Works: Kitabul Iman, Kitabul Masail and others

• Imam Abu Hanifa learnt under the famous Imam Jafar al-Sadiq.
• Imam Malik is called ‘Imam Darul Hijrat’ (leader of the abode of migration).
• Imam Shafi’i was greatly influenced by Imam Malik.
• Imam Shafi’i is said to have memorized Quran at seven years, the ‘Muwatta’ of Imam Malik at ten years and became a religious judge at fifteen years.
1. Name the saint, who first came in Lahore.
b. Shaikh ismail
2.Ghiyas-ud-din Balban declared himself king of Delhi Sultanate in the year
b.1266
3. Who founded Daulatabad and shifted the capital of Delhi Sultanate?
b. Muhammad Tughluq
4.Who set up the chain of justice to redress the grievances of oppressed people?
a. Zaheer-ud-din Babar
b. Shahab-ud-din Shahjahan
c. Aurangzeb Alimgir
d. None of these
5.who was known in history as Mujaddid Alf Thani, the reformer of second millennium?
a .Shaikh Ahmed Sirhindi
6. Who called the”spiritual guide”as shopkeepers?
b .Shah Waliullah
7. When Nadva-tul-Ulema came into being?
A.1873
b.1883
c.1893
d. None of these (1884)
8. Who initiated the cult of Shivaji against the Muslims of India?
A. Bal Ganga dher tilak
9. Who led Simla deputation in 1906?
a. Sir Agha Khan
10.when nehru committee was constituted to propose the future constitution of India?
b. Feb 1928
11. When the congress ministries resigned from their offices?
A. Nov 1927
b. Feb 1928
c. Feb 1929
d. None of these
12.Who first thought of the possibility of a Muslim republic embracing the present Central Asian states in north west of sub-continent?
b. Syed Jamal ud Din Afghani
13. When Simla Conference was concluded with failure?
b. July14,1945

14. Who negotiated with cabinet mission (1946) on behalf of All India National Congress?
c. A.K.Azad

15.when Abu ala Maududi was awarded death punishment by military court on” Qadiani issue”?
c. May 1953
16. Muhammad Ali Bogra, the then P.M of Pakistan, presented his constitutional formula to the Constituent Assembly on:
b. Oct7,1953
17. When was the 17th amendment bill ratified by the President, after getting passed by both houses of Majlis-e-Shura?
c. Dec31,2003
18. When was the local government system under the devolution of power plan, 2001, inaugurated?
b. Aug 14,2001
19.When was gas (natural) discovered at Sui Baluchistan?
b. 1952
20. The Suleman Mountain, one of the Western, is as high as:
a. 1100ft
b. 2200ft
c. 3300ft
d. None of these


• Largest dam is Terbela.
• Largest desert is Thar.
• Largest district is Khuzdar (Baluchistan).
• Largest industial unit is Pak: Steel Mill
• Largest industry is Textile.
• Largest island is Manora (Karachi)
• Largest Jungle is Changa Manga (Kasur).
• Largest lake (artificial) is Keenjhar.
• Largest lake (natural) is Manchar.
• Largest library is Pujab Public Library, Lahore.
• Largest mine is Salt Mines of Khewra.
• Largest motorway is Lahore-Islamabad.
• Largest museum is National Meseum, Karachi.
• Largest circulated urdu newspaper is Jang, Enghish is The News.
• Largest nuclear reactor is KANUPP, Karachi.
• Largest oil field is Dhurnal Oil Field.

Country Profile:

India
President: Pranab Mukherjee
Vice President: M Hamid Ansari
Prime Minister: Manmohan Singh (INC)
Speaker of the House: Meira Kumar (INC)
Defense Ministers: A. K. Antony
Minister for external Affairs: Salman Khurshed
Minister for Finance: Chidambaram Palaniappa
Minister for Home: Sushilkumar Shinde
Army Chief: General Bikram Singh
Chief Justice: Altamas Kabir
Seats in Lower House (Lok Sabha): 552
Next elections of Lok Sabha will held after 31st May 2014.

Bangladesh
President: Zillur Rahman
Prime Minister: Sheikh Hasina
Next Elections with due on 26 October 2013 to 24 January 2014.

Afghanistan
President: Hamid Karzai
Vice President: Mohammed Fahim and Karim Khalili

China
President: Xi Jinping, 7th president– Fifth Generation Leadership.
Premier: Li Keqiang (7th Premier)

Russia
President: Vladimir Putin
Prime Minister: Dmitry Medvedev

Iran
Spiritual Leader of Iran: Ali Khamenei
President: Hassan Rouhani (7th President of Iran on 3rd August 2013)

Iraq
President: Jalal Talabani
Prime Minister: Nouri al-Maliki

Israel
Legislation House: Knesset
President : Shimon Peres
Prime Minister: Benjamin Netanyahu

United Kingdom
Monarch: Elizabeth II
Prime Minister: David Cameron MP (Conservative Party)
Deputy PM: Nick Clegg MP (Liberal Democrats)
Upper House: House of Lords
Lower House: House of Commons

Italy
President: Giorgio Napolitano
Prime Minister : Enrico Letta


France
President: François Hollande (French Socialist Party)
Prime Minister: Jean-Marc Ayrault (French Socialist Party)

Germany
President : Joachim Gauck
Chancellor: Angela Merkel (Christian Democratic Union)
Parliament: Bundestag (Lower House) & Bundesrat (Federal Council and Upper House)

Canada
Monarch: Elizabeth II
Governor General: David Johnston
Prime Minister: Stephen Harper

Malaysia:
King: Abdul Halim
PM: Najib Tun Razak
Deputy PM: Muhyiddin Yassin

US Cabinet:
Vice President: Joe Biden
US envoy to Afghanistan-Pakistan: James Dobbins (4 May 2013)
Special Envoy for Middle East Peace: Ambassador David Hale
White House Chief of Staff: Denis McDonough
Secretary of State: Senator Jon Kerry
Chief of Staff of the Army: GEN Raymond T. Odierno.
Secretary of the Treasury: Jacob Lew.
Secretary of Defense: Chuck Hagel.
Attorney General: Eric Holder.
Secretary of the Interior: Ken Salazar.
Secretary of Commerce: John Bryson.
Secretary of Homeland Security: Janet Napolitano
Ambassador to the United Nations: Susan Rice
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff: Gen. Martin Dempsey
Director of CIA: John Brennan

Japan:
Emperor: Akihito
Prime minister: Shinzo Abe

Egypt
Chairmen of Supreme council of armed forces: Abdel Fattah el- Sisi
Acting President: Adly Mansour
Acting Prime minister: Hazem Al Beblawi
Presidential elections: May 2012.
Morsi became 5th president of Egypt from 30 June 2012 to 3 July 2013.

Libya
President: Mohammed Magariaf
Prime minister: Ali Zeidan
Qaddafi assassination: 20 October 2011
General National Congress: 7 July 2012 elections. 200 seats (39 United Alliance, 120 Independents)

Sri-Lanka
President: Mahinda Rajapaksa
PM: D. M. Jayaratne

Bhutan:
King: Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck
PM: Tshering Tobgay

Nepal:
President: Ram Baran Yadav.
Chairmen of Interim Election Government: Khil Raj Regmi

Palestine
President: Mahmod Abbas
Prime Minister: Salam Fayad
On 29 November 2012, the UN General Assembly passed a motion changing Palestine's "entity" status to "non-member state" by a vote of 138 to 9, with 41 abstentio.

Quartet on Palestine: Tony Blair (Special Envoy), Russia, USA, EU, UN

__________________
-Verily, His command, when He intends a thing, is only that He says "Be!" - and it is! (Al-Quran)