#21
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Assalam o alaikum
Q-02. Discuss the Ideological foundation of the “Two Nation Theory” with reference to the Contributions of Dr.Iqball, and the Quaid e Azam? When Muslims came into sub-continent; a new social, political and religious epoch began in the history of India. With the preach of Islam a new community came into existence which had everything in different from the indigenous inhabitants of the area. Islam attracted a large number of followers because of its principles and natural tendency. From the very beginning there was a wide gulf between Islam and Hinduism. Islam is a religion in which there is the concept of oneness of God; and its teachings are based on Quran and Hadith. In contrast Hinduaism is a social system, which emphasizes in polytheism. Besides religion, there were wide variety of cultural differences between these two communities. Because of these genuine reasons, many Muslim scholars and sufis pronounced these two communities distinctive from each other which could never work for integration. Shaikh Ahmed sirhindi made it clear that Hindus and Muslims are different from each other in every respect so they could not merge together. These historical facts gave birth to two nation theory which held that Hindus and Muslims are two separate nations having distinct cultural and social values. This theory had become the foundation on which Muslims laid down the edifice of the demand for separate homeland. They maintained that they could not practice their religion in united India, so they should be provided a separate piece of land where they could live in accordance with their beliefs and values. This ideology was strengthened by many Muslim leaders time and often. As has been mentioned that the concept of two nation existed for centuries ago, so it cannot be claimed that Sir Syed was his pioneer. However, it could not be denied that this concept had reached to its climax due the spirit which sir syed infused in it. Sir syed was an open minded man who was an staunch advocate of single nationalism. He considered all Indians as one nation without any discrimination based on religion or beliefs. He worked hard to create harmony between two communities as he saw in this act the well-being of all without exception. It was thought by him that it would be helpful in creating a social order in India that Hindu and Muslim should settle their accounts. But all his desires of bringing about conciliation between two communities was brought to naught when Congress shown its prejudice by demonstrating an agitation against urdu. They sought to eliminate urdu as an official language. It was an act to impose cultural superiority and clearly a prejudice. This and few other acts by Congress frustrated Sir Syes and he became convinced of separate nationalism. From then, he actively fought for the rights of Muslims alone as being a separate community whose interest were in jeopardy. His Aligarh movement inculcated in Muslims a spirit of nationalism and in the following years those who fought freedom movement mostly belonged to his circle of thoughts: "Muslims should be treated as a nation". It was the process through which the ideology of two nation gradually evolved. Besides Sir Syed, other leaders of Muslim such as Dr Allama Iqbal, and Quaid e Azam were also the staunch proponent of the two nation theory; and infact they made this concept as a base to demand the Muslims' rights. Allama Iqbal and two nation theory Allama Iqbal was a great philosopher. He had acquired great fame among the Muslims of sub continent as a thinker. He received his education in Lahore college, later on he went to England to pursue education in law. He did ph.d in philosophy from the germen university. He studied Islam deeply and had profound liking for the principles of Islam. He compared Islam and western culture and reached at the conclusion that human salvation and welfare lay in adoption of Islam as a way of life. Basically, he was a teacher, poet and philosopher. However, he had to come into the politics to safeguard the interests of the Muslims. He proved himself as a great companion of Mr Jinnah. He awakened the Muslims with his stirring poetry, and rendered many services for the accomplishment of Pakistan. Allama Iqbal considered Islam as a complete code of life and said " It is my firm belief that Muslims of India will ultimately have to establish a separate homeland as they cannot live with Hindus in the United India". He removed from the minds of Muslims many misconceptions and confusions which they had about themselves before he appeared at the scene. He made Muslims to know their real status. He rejected the idea of one-nation and upheld that the Muslims are entirely built a separate nation with their distinct identity which no way can merge into any other nation for integration. They have distinct culture, civilization, religion, way of life, and outlook of life. In short, he was the first who clearly defined and supported the two-nation theory. He said " There would be no possibility to maintain peace unless and until Muslims are recognized as a separate nation, as they had their own cultural values which they had to preserve and maintain." In this way he defined the Muslims that what is meaning of 'two-nation' and made them to struggle for acquiring a separate homeland which Dr Iqbal called "an ultimate destiny" of Muslims. With his enthusiastic poetry which was permeated with the sense of nationhood stirred Muslims' faith for their identity and they stood up to accomplish a separate home land for them at all costs. These were the contributions by a great leader for his nation. His efforts for the cause for Muslims will be remembered for many generations.. Two-Nation theory and Quid e Azam.. Qauid-e-Azam, like Sir Syed Ahmed, was a great advocate of Hindu-Muslim unity in the beginning of his politics. He sought to bring two communities closer to each other and his efforts in this regard reached to culmination when he succeeded in fomenting goodwill between Congress and Muslim league by concluding lucknow pact. He was of the view, if they (both parties) could settle their differences in peaceful manner, it would be easy to demand fundamental rights of the Indian from the British government. It was a sensible idea and it produced its fruit for few years until the two parties showed mutual respect for each other. But Congress displayed its self-serving attitude and caused damage to the khilafat movement. At number of other occasions it remained indifferent for the rights of Muslims and projected the demand of its own community only. Quaid e Azam came to know about its real face. He became convinced that the two communities could never merge together. He changed his political creed and became an ardent supporter of two nation theory. Quid-e- Azam said: "Pakistan came into being when first Indian embraced Islam" This saying reflects the thinking of the father of nation that he believed: there was a great difference between the two communities. It demonstrates that the distiction existed, exhibited and exercised from the era when Muslims first arrived in the sub-continent. Quaid-e-Azam demanded the rights of Muslims on the basis of this distinction. He through speeches, conventions and resolutions fortified this faith and made Muslims aware about their position. He said in straightforward manner that Muslims are a separate nation by every definition of a nation. He countered the claims made by Congress leaders that those who lived within the boundaries of sub-continent are all Indians. He opposed this notion and maintained that Muslims are a nation by any taste of a nation who should have their own homeland. He rightly pointed out that a community which constitutes of more than 70 million people cannot be deemed merely a minority.Furthermore, Muslims have their own culture, beliefs, and values which lead them in entirely different direction. Quaid-e-Azam said in one of his speeches: "'We do not demand Pakistan simply to have a piece of land but we want a laboratory where we could experiment Islamic principles". After an unflinching and remarkable struggle of our leaders we have finally achieved a separate homeland. The two-nation theory worked as an ideology which infused in Muslims a sense of self-determination and they convinced of their distinct identity. The vision which our great leaders had given for Pakistan has not been achieved yet. Many factors led us in this sorry state of affairs. Now it is the time to redefine our identity and to realize the worth of sacrifices rendered for the cause of Pakistan. Ours is a nation full of history of unprecedented struggles to deal bravely with the enormity of circumstances. What we all need is to learn from our history to emerge as a developed, civilized and lively nation. Dear members please evaluate my attempt. Openly make criticism on the mistakes I have committed and give the marks. |
#22
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Date: 08, 2012
Q3. Shah Waliullah realized "The renaissance of Islam and Muslim Society can not be affected until the intellectual life of the Muslims is re-oriented." Discuss Critically. (CE-10) (20 Marks) expected question for CE-13 |
#23
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Sorry to say but your concluding paragraph was seems to be irrelevant. As I already suggested SARA that "conclusion" is the crux of your whole efforts. So it should be relevant and justify your opinion in it because CSS demands analytical approach so try to analyze the topic instead of doing oherwise. Broadly speaking being a Pakistani, justify the Quaid's and Muslims' efforts as much as you can in your concluding remarks. Marks: 10/20.....
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Apni Matti Pay Hi Chalnay Ka Saleeqa Seekho Sang-e-Marmar Py Chalo Gy To Phisal Jao Gy |
#24
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I know that there are many things which I have missed. Actually, if I mentioned all subtle points, the essay was going to be too lengthy. Therefore, I skipped many points. However, I will try to improve it in our next attempt. I hope you shall keep continue to check my topics in the same way, it is really beneficial, for thereby I come to know flaws in my writing. Regards. |
#25
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I found one deficiency in your attempt that you focused much upon giving the exact sayings of Quaid-e-Azam and Dr Iqbal rather than presenting the depicted knowledge of those comments in your own style. Nevertheless, your attempt deserves 16/20.. |
#26
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I shall give you: 11/20. Regards |
#27
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Dear sara, I will again ask you that you should send new questions after almost 2 days.
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#28
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Your attempt is really outstanding from your introduction to conclusion it is well balanced and well attempted. Yes Fassi has rightly said that some points have been left but overall you covered the topic. Actually in this question the ideolgoy was the refrences and the weightage was in the contribution of Iqbal & Quaid. So, we had to focus on their contribution as you have done this job well. You deserve 15 Marks.... Note: Dear Fassi and Shakeel If you want post question according to your analysis for CSS-2013. You can post it or let me know the topic. I will post your concerned question. Actually We have to cover these questions first. Because these are the most important for CSS-2013 and are expected. The rest of your suggestion would be highly recommended. Thanks Sara |
#29
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The questions which you are sending are of important nature, and I don't think that we are wasting something in solving these questions. You should keep up sending them in same way and we shall contribute earnestly our part in solving them. After solving these traditional questions, we shall move towards current issues of Pakistan. Those issues will be selected with joint consent. However, if you feel in necessary that others should also share their recommendations regarding which topics are important to discuss about, I shall likely send you my suggestions as soon as possible. But topics which i am going to suggest will be in form of important headings rather than full questions like those which we are dealing with now a days. Regards |
#30
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Shakeel I got your point fully and yes first of all we have to cover these essential questions and then we will have to attempt the other general questions which you have mentioned. I am sure these questions are the most important. Because, after getting the bird eye view of the Past papers and with discussing with CSPs and other expert seniors then I use to post these sort of questions which are the most important for CSS-2013 and InshALLAH after attempting these question we will be able to attempt our paper with good grasp and confident and will get marks with flying colors. Just carry on attempting on the daily basis. I wish you best of Luck....Go ahead with the below question. I am also going to attempt it. (and plz mention your optional subjects) Thanks.....
Q3. Shah Waliullah realized "The renaissance of Islam and Muslim Society can not be affected until the intellectual life of the Muslims is re-oriented." Discuss Critically. (CE-10) (20 Marks) expected question for CE-13 |
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