Public International Law. Important cases decided by the permanent court of International Justice, the International Court of Justice and UNO. Law of the Sea.

1. The modern state system – history, basic features, evolving forms

2. International Relations as a field of study, basic approaches – Power, Balance Of Power, Imperialism, Nationalism

3. Interaction between states – diplomacy, international law, international economic and trade linkages – pressures in world politics


1. Evolution of the international system since 1815 (Congress of Vienna) Historical Overview

2. World War I, II. Decolonization. Rise of the Third World alliance system (NATO, SEATO, CENTO, Warsaw Pact), peaceful coexistence. Non-Aligned Movement. Theories of peace and security in nuclear age, (deterrence, limited war, crisis management etc), détente

1. Foreign policies of the superpowers, major powers (USA, USSR, China) with special reference to South Asia (Pakistan, India etc)

2. Issues in global politics: Nuclear Proliferation, Superpower rivalry in Indian Ocean, international economic order, Regional security issues and crisis (Afghanistan crisis, Iran-Iraq war, Palestine problem, apartheid and South Africa, Namibia, Polish crisis, Euro communism, Central Americancrisis etc)

3. Arms control and disarmament

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1. Humanity at the dawn of Islam: A brief survey of major world civilizations with special emphasis on their intellectual, humanistic and special institutions – their impact on world history

2. Advent of Islam: Life and teachings of the Holy Prophet. Foundations of a new and revolutionary world order. Institutions of Islam – political, social, economic and legal structure of the Islamic polity. The Quran – Emphasis on the study of nature and research. Changes brought by Islam in human thinking and behaviour

3. Foundation of Muslim State: Early conquests of the Khulafa-e-Rashideen. Administrative and legal structure of the state. Political and ideological differences and the emergence of the Ummayyads – expansion and consolidation of the Empire

4. The grandeur of Islam: Philosophical, scientific and literary progress of the Muslims during the Abbassid period

5. The Ottomon Caliphate: Turkish march towards Europe. Political structure of the Turkish Empire, salient features of their administration, decline and disintegration


1. Islam in Africa and Spain

2. Muslim achievements in Natural and social sciences, schools of Baghdad, Spain and Iran. Muslim contribution in history, science, medicine and other branches of human civilization

3. Muslim Arts: Muslims’ contribution in architecture, music, painting, handicrafts, pottery, calligraphy, etc

4. Renaissance and reformation: Origin of this intellectual revolution. Contribution of Muslim universities and seminaries in Spain and Baghdad. Dissemination of Muslim learnings in the West.

5. Modern world: Impact of Islam on Western thought, social institutions and economic policies

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Note: Candidate will be asked to attempt total five questions. They will attempt at least two questions from each Section. Short note within the question (without choice) can also be given


1. Concept and process of communication: Source, message, channel, destination, encoding, decoding, noise, feedback. Oral vs. written communication. Two step flow of communication. Role of opinion leader

2. Information and Journalism – functions: Scanning the horizon and reporting back – news function, educational function, opinion for motives, entertainment functions

3. Pakistani press: An overview of the evolution of the Muslim press in South Asia before 1947 and development of Pakistan Press since 1947, its social and economic impact. Trends and characteristics, problems and prospects

4. Mass media: Components, functions and effects, mass media in Pakistan: Size and dispersion, role in national development, prospects and problems

1. News principles and techniques of news writing, editorial definitions, ingredients, types and functions of writing of editorials

2. Public relations: definitions, purpose and scope. Ethics, PR in Pakistan, duties of PRO, PR procedures and processes

3. Magazine journalism: Mag-journalism in Pakistan. Types, functioning, purpose. Its social aspectsnd scope

4. Press release, press note and press communication: Definitions and basic ingredients. Writing of press release, press note and press communiqué

5. Advertising: Definition, functions, types and purpose, its social and economic aspects, principles of successful advertising

6. Press laws: Press laws in Pakistan (Gradual developments) and the “Right to know” concepts of press freedom and responsibility. Ethics of journalism

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The main principles of law relating to Agreements, Contracts, Bailment, Pledge, Sale of Goods Act, Agency, Partnership Act, Indemnity and Guarantee, Negotiable Instruments Act, Companies Ordinance 1984, Contract Act, Life, Fire and Marine Insurances, Law of Arbitration

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1. The Islamic law as administered in Pakistan
2. Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence

Candidates will be expected to show some familiarity with the original sources

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1. (a) Origin and development of the language

Outline:

• Elementary information about – Avesta, Old Persian and Pahlavi languages
• The advent of Persian prose and poetry in the present script in the Islamic era
• The earlier Persian prose writers and poets upto 4th century H/10th Century AC

(b) Significant features of the grammar of the language

Outline:

• Grammar: The three tenses, imperative modd (affirmative and negative) and muzara for present and future tenses
• Translation of simple English passage into Persian

2. Literary history and literary criticism – Literary movements, classical background, socio-cultural influences and modern trends. Origin and development of modern literary genres.

Emphasis:

• The literary history should include the development of Persian language and literature, besides Iran, in Afghanistan, the Indo-Pakistan sub-continent and the Persian speaking areas of the former USSR
• In classical background, the four styles known as Khurasani, Iraqi, Hindi and Revivalist may be studied
• In the literary movements the revivalist and purist movements and in the modern trends, the adaptation of Western loan words in Persian language needs to be emphasized.

3. Short essay in Persian



The paper will require firsthand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed to test the candidate’s critical ability

Texts

(a) Farrukhi Seestani (Qasida on the conquest of Soomnath)
(b) Unsar-ul-Maali Qabus (Qabus Nama) --- Last Chapter 44
(c) Rumi Masnavi ---- Daftar 1 (1st half upto Dastan-e-Peer-i-Changi)
(d) Saadi Gulistan ---- Chapter 7 & 8
(e) Hafiz --- Deewan upto radif Re
(f) Iqbal: Asrar-i-Khudi upto Marhila-e-Siwum Naibat-e-Ilahi
(g) Iqbal: Javed Nama (Last Chapter) – Address to Javed – (Dialogue with the new generation)

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Logic

1. Formal and informal arguments: Elements of deductive reasoning, validity and truth, proposition and syllogism

2. Definition with special reference to Aristotle, Ibn-e-Taimya’s criticism of Aristotle, relativity of definition, Ambiguity, vagueness and motive use of language as impediments in clear thinking. Fallacies – formal, material and linguistic

3. Symbolic logic: value of special symbols, symbols for conjunction, negation, disjunction and implication. Method of deduction: Formal proofs of validity, Rules of Replacement

4. The nature of scientific theory, scientific method, inquiry at common sense level and scientific level, scientific explanation, the grounds of belief induction, probability and functional analysis

5. Muslim contribution to logic – inductive and deductive



Philosophy – Western & Islamic

1. Idealism, Pragmatism, Vitalism, logical positivism, existentialism and dialectical materialism. The main arguments of these philosophical theories and their impact on life and morals

2. Muslim Rationalists and social thinkers – Al-Farabi, Ibn-i-Sina, Ibn-i-Rushd and Ibn-i-Khaldun, their main doctrines

3. Schools of Muslim theology – Mutazilism, Ash’arism, Sufism, Al-Ghazali (his ethics and criticism of Muslim rationalists)

4. Muslim thought in South Asia with special reference to Shah Wali Ullah, Sayyid Ahmad Khan and Iqbal, the post-Iqbalian thought

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1. Vectors – dots, cross and triple products. Gradient divergence and applications
2. Newtonian laws of motion, conservation law of energy, conservation of linear and angular momentum, dynamics of rigid body, spin and precession, gyroscope, gravitation, planetary motion including satellite
3. Special theory of relativity: Michelson – Morely experiment and Einstein’s postulates, Lorentz transformation, time dilation and length contraction, equivalence of mass and energy

Surface tension, Viscosity, Elasticity, fluid motion and Bernoulhe’s theorem


Free Oscillation with one and two degrees of freedom, forced and dampened oscillations and phenomenon of resonance. Traveling waves and transmission of energy, phase and group velocity, standing waves

Reflection, refraction, interference, diffraction and polarization of waves, interferon-meter and Newton’s rings, diffraction gratings and their resolving power, spectro-meters, electromagnetic wave equation, normal and anomalous dispersion, coherence, laser and its application

Perfect gas and Van der Waals equation. Three laws of thermodynamics, thermal properties of simple system production and measurement of low temperature. Kinetic theory of gases, Maxwellian distribution of molecular velocities, Brownian motion, transport phenomenon, classical Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics and its application, Quantum Bose – Einstein and Fermi – Direct statistics


Electric field due to point charges, Gauss’ Law, electric potential and Poisson and Laplace’s equation. Dielectric medium and polarization, Capacitance, moving charges and magnetic field. Ampere’s law, vector potential, magnetic properties of matter. Transient current. Farrady’s law of electromagnetic induction, Alternating Current and LRO circuit. Maxwell’s equations, Poynting theorem and Poynting vector


Thermonic emission, space charge, diode, triode tetrode, pentode and their static and dynamic characteristics. Amplitude modulation and demodulation or detection. Various basic circuits for rectification, amplification modulation and detection connected with radio receivers and transmission, n and p type semiconductors. Biased function, transistors, common base and common emitter configurations


Bohr theory and quantum numbers including electron spin. Pauli�fs exclusion principle, spectra of simple systems with one or two valence electrons. Photo electric effect. Compton scattering, pair production, Lande�fs g factor and Zeeman effect. Raman effect, waves and particles and De Broglie�fs
hypothesis, Schrodinger wave equation and its application to one dimensional harmic oscillator. Heisenberg's uncertainty principle


Structure of nuclei: Radioactivity ∞, β and decay. Methods of detection. Mass Spectrometer, accelerators, phenomenon of fission, reactor and nuclear power, nuclear fusion and its application. Elementary particles and their properties

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